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[Current] April-Week4-P3: Diplomacy International Relations-Teesta Water Sharing,China BDCA Pact, US FATCA Treaty, Hamas-Fatah Unity deal, UN Security sector
Reform, Bhutan Hydroproject
Update: had to make some fixes in the site theme. IF the site is not displayed properly in your
browser clear cache (control+shift+del key together).
for more troubleshoot click me
1. Prologue
2. D1: Fair share from Teesta?
3. D2: India Bhutan Love n Hate over Hydroprojects
4. D3: Sino-India BDCA Pact
5. D4: FATCA Treaty India US
6. D5: Israel-Palestine: HAMAS-FATAH Unity Deal
7. D6: UN Security sector reforms (SSR)
8. D7: UN-IOC Sports for development and Peace
Prologue
Current Affairs from April Week 4: (23th to 30nd). Total three parts
1. Economy: Coming soon
2. Polity, History, Culture, Environment: Coming soon3. International Relations (IR)/ Diplomacy: (Youre here)
General Studies Paper 2:
Answer following in 200 words each.
1. Early conclusion of Teesta accord is in the strategic interest of India. Elaborate.
2. What are the salient features of Border Defense Cooperation Agreement (BDCA)
agreement between India-China? How will it benefit Indian side?
3. Discuss in brief, the salient features and benefits of Indo-US FATCA agreement
4. Examine the need for Securities Sector Reform (SSR), and discuss the stand of India andUNSC on this issue.
Interview
1. Why are Bangladeshi opposition parties claiming injustice in Teesta Water sharing
agreement?
2. Why have Fatah and Hamas signed Unity deal? Whatll be its implication on Israel-
Palestine relations?
D1: Fair share from Teesta?
As such an old topic but came in news against because Mamatas election rallies in India &
Protests in Bangladesh.
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Geography
Teesta originates from Kangse Glacier, Charamu Lake in Sikkim, most of its catchment
area lies in India.
It enters Bangladesh, joins Brahmaputra, and ends in Bay of Bengal.
After Brahmapurta, Ganges and Meghna; Teesta is the 4th largest river in Bangladesh.
Sequence of events:
W.Bengal government began constructing a barrage and catchment area on Teesta.
Bangladesh opposed, because their rice bowl Rangpur region depends on Teesta.
To pacify them, India began negotiation.
1983: India- Bangladesh concluded and ad-hoc agreement on Teesta
Water share from Teesta
India 39%
Bangladesh 36%Unallocated 25%
But problem unsolved, because Bangladesh wanted equal sharing.
1984: Joint-river commission appointed to collect hydrological data & suggest a rational
method for water sharing.
Commission recommended increasing Bangladeshs share, on logic that W.Bengals
barrage is very close to Bangladesh border (~90 km). Some water will penetrate
underground and benefit both countries anyways.
New formula proposed
Water share from Teesta
India 42.5%
Bangladesh 37.5%
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Unallocated 20% for the river (otherwise nothing will reach to Bay of Bengal!)
2010:
Jamaat-ud-Dawah (JuD) calls Pakistani poliitcal establishment to stop Indians from
constructing dams on rivers flowing to Pakistan, raise the matter in UN, asked civil
society(!) to support this cause. And even suggested that Kashmiri Mujahideen should be
given a Free hand to destroy Bhakra dam!
In other words, Hafiz Saeed is using economy/farmers plight as a new propaganda tool topromote terrorism. (May be because Paki youth is also hooked up on facebook &
whatsapp, hard to get new recruits by preaching religious extremism!)
Sep. 2011
Mohan plans to visit Bangladesh, sign accords for Teesta and Land border disputes.
He invited five state CM that share border with Bangladesh, to join him in this visit.
But on eleventh hour, W.Bengal CM Mamata Banerjee dropped from this visit to protest
against Teesta sharing agreement.
Mamathas position:
This treaty will dry out Northern region of W.Bengal & hurt Indian farmers.
1998: Bangladeshs largest irrigation project Teesta Barrage began. With help of this
water, Bangladeshi farmers already have three cropping seasons per year.
So, they dont deserve any more water.
At that time, Trinmool Congress was the single largest coalition partner in UPA, therefore
Mohan had to drop the Teesta accord. He could only sign Land boundary agreement with
Bangladesh.
^Ok this is upto 2011. why is the topic in news in 2014?
March 2014
BIMSTEC summit at Nay Pyi Taw click me
Mohan assured Haseena about early conclusion of Teesta accord.
April 2014
On Indian side On Bangladeshi side
Mamatha tells voters to
teach a lesson to
Congies.
Because otherwise next
Congi PM will sign
Teesta accord = Northern
parts of W.Bengal will
become dry, water
shortage for drinking and
irrigation.
Terrorist Parties like Jamaat-e-Islami & their
supporters like Khalida Zia have startedDharna
pradarshanin Dhakas Jantar Mantar.
Their claim India has reduced releasing water from
Teesta but Hasinas Secular Bangladesh Awami
League party is doing nothing to get fair share from
Teesta. Bangladeshi paddy farmers are suffering!
(Recall the same propaganda by Jamaat-ud-Dawah
(JuD)in Pakistan in 2010.
May 2014
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Bangladesh PM Hasina says Indias central government (Mohan) was sincere, but Mamata
raised objections hence the deal could not be signed.
September 2014
Hasina will visit India. Irrespective of whether Teesta accord is signed or not- topic will
keep re-appearing in THEHINDU and hence will remain important for UPSC Mains-2014
& Interview 2014.
Mock Question
Q.Early conclusion of Teesta accord is in the strategic interest of India. Elaborate. (200
words)
Teesta originates from Sikkim & joins Bramhaputra in
Bangladesh. It is an important irrigation source for paddy
farmers on both sides.
In the 80s, India & Bangladesh signed ad-hoc agreement to
share 39% & 36% of Teesta water respectively.
Later, Joint river water commission was setup to collecthydrological data & suggest a rational method for water
sharing.
2011: New formula proposed- India & Bangladesh to get
42.5% and 37.5% respectively.
But due to opposition from West Bengal state
government, and its CM being the single largest coalition
partner in UPA, this deal could not materialize during PM Manmohan Singhs official visit
to Bangladesh in 2011.
2014: Bangladeshi Extremist outfits like Jamaat-e-Islami have tied with Opposition leader
Khalida Zia. They began large scale protests & political mobilization against current PMSheikh Hasina, for her failure to carry out Teesta accord, hurting Paddy farmers & selling
their country to India.
In past, Jamaat-ud-Dawa & Hafiz Saeed have used similar propaganda tactics to promote
hatred among Pakistanis against Indian dams.
PM Hasina is an important ally of India. She has adopted zero tolerance policy against
Anti-Indian terror outfits. Only under her regime, HuJI terror leaders were arrested, ULFA
was banned & its chief Paresh Barua was awarded death penalty.
Without such liberal-secular regimes in neighboring countries, India cannot become
terror-free.
Therefore India needs to take proactive steps for early conclusion of Teesta agreement, to
show itself as a good neighbor and prevent resurgence of extremist parties inneighborhood.
~265 words. (counting a, an, &, the etc.)
D2: India Bhutan Love n Hate over Hydroprojects
Topic in news because during April 2014, India and Bhutan signed a new Inter-Governmental
Agreement for hydro projects.
Sequence of Events
2006: India Bhutan signed agreement. India promised to develop 10,000 MW hydropower
in Bhutan. Bhutan promised theyll export surplus electricity to India by 2020.
Following three already supplying el ectrici ty to India
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Chukha project 336 MW
Kurichu project 60 MW
Tala project 1020 MW
Total 1416 MW
Following wi ll supplying electricity from 2018
Punatsangchu-I 1200 MW
Punatsangchu-II 1020 MW
Mangdehchu 720 MW
Total 2940 MW
April 2014:
New agreement signed to develop four new Hydroelectric projects in Bhutan:
Kholongchu project 600 MW
Bunakha project 180 MW
Wangchu project 570 MWChamkarchu project 770 MW
Total 2120 MW
numbers not important but these are all run of the river type dam. They dont store water in
reservoirs, hence less problem of siltation and ecological damage.
India Bhutan Love & Hate over HYDRO POWER
1. Bhutanese economy is based on agriculture, forestry and tourism. But major of GDP
comes from construction and hydro-electricity.
2. India is the only importer of Bhutanese Hydroelectricity.
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3. We also supply them Bhutan laborers, food imports and defense equipment.
4. But relations turned sour during previous PM Jigme Thinleys inclination towards China.
Chinese Angle
2008: China begins Border settlement talks with Bhutan.
China asked Bhutan to give 250 sq.km from North Bhutan. And offered to give 500 sq.km
area from China in return.
But this smaller 250 sq.km area is in Chumbi valley- @tri-junction of Bhutan, India andChina.
If China sets up base here, they can easily penetrate India and cut off North Eastern India
from rest of the country.
Fortunately Bhutan government declined the offer.
2012: RIO+20 summit. Chinese leaders again made offer PM Jigme Thinley , he
responded positively.
India alarmed, begins teaching lesson to Bhutan
1. Until now we gave Aid/donation to Bhutan for building their Hydroplants. But now we
stopped giving free aid. Only loans for Bhutan.2. Stopped kerosene and cooking gas subsidy.
3. Subprime crisis=> declined tourists. GDP stagnates. No money to repay Indian loans.
4. So far Bhutan PM completed only 3 Hydro project = not sufficient production to cover the
costs.
5. Cannot give any more subsidy on Kerosene and cooking gas =>Bhutanese juntaa protests.
2013 General election in Bhutan, they vote new Prime Minister Tshering Thogbay.
PM Tshering Thogbay visits India & promises Ill remain in my aukaat, will not take any
decision against Indian security interests. India is satisfied, and stops teaching lesson
1. Announced Rs.500 crore economic aid. (aid=dont have to repay loan principal / interest.)2. Restored subsidy on kerosene and cooking gas
3. Promised additional HEP projects with help of Indian public sector undertaking.
Fast forward to April 2014: we signed agreement for Chukha, Kurichu, Tala projects.
D3: Sino-India BDCA Pact
This was signed in October 2013, but topic is in news during April 2014 because Army officers
of both sides met each other as per the provisions of this pact.
Q.What are the salient features of Border Defense Cooperation Agreement (BDCA)
agreement between India-China? How will i t benefit Indian side? (200 words)
Features
Under Border Defense Cooperation Agreement (BDCA), Both sides will :
1. follow maximum self-restrain,
2. Will not use military capabilities against each other
3. Will avoid patrolling along such border areas, where there is no common understanding of
LAC (Line of Actual Control)
4. Will cooperate during natural disaster, anti-smuggling, anti-narcotics, anti-poaching
operations
5. Assist in locating men and animals that mistakenly cross the border.
6. Information sharing about military exercises
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7. Both can initiate joint-military training exercise=> In Nov.2014, there will be Hand-in-
Hand counter-terrorism exercise at Barrackpore(West Bengal).
8. Flag meeting on borders
9. regular meetings between high officials & Defense ministers
10. Invite each other for celebration of any national/ military day/ festival /sports event on
LAC
11. Hold India-China Annual Defense Dialogue.
Benefits to Indian side
1. Will have to spend less man and material resources to guard Sino-Indian border.
2. This agreement can smooth path towards peaceful settlement of border disputes
3. Will improve bilateral relations. This confidence building measure can also expend to
economic cooperation
4. A distant possibility, (since there are no permanent friends or foe in diplomacy) if
goodfaith is established, China may stop arming Pakistan against India.
5. Regular Meetings between defense ministers and officials, will clear misunderstanding on
many issues, that otherwise result in random confrontation between patrolling soldiers.
~210 words.
D4: FATCA Treaty India US
(GS2/GS3-money laundering) Discuss in brief, the salient features and benefits of Indo-
US FATCA agreement (200 words)
2010: American Congress enacted Foreign Account Tax compliance Act (FATCA) to keep
a tab on American citizens and companies investing abroad to evade taxes.
To implement this Act, US Government signs inter-governmental agreement (IGA) with the
other countries, to get information about American investors.
2014, April: India and USA signed an FATCA-IGA agreement.
Features
1. Will come in effect from 1st July 2014.
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2. All Indian Financial intermediaries (Banks, mutual funds, insurance cos etc.) will have to
keep record of American investors- not just US citizens but even US green card holders
and US residents.
3. These American investors will be classified in three categories:
ACCOUNT
WITHFEATURE
Less than
$50,000Exempted from reporting
Between
$50,000- $1
millionIndia will share their information to USAs IRS (internal revenue service)
through CBDT (Central Board of Direct Taxes).Above $1
million
Exempted: Accounts of US government entities, US Federal reserve and retirement funds.
For Noncompliance, Indian FI will have to pay 30% of the withholding tax to USA.
~170 words
FATCA: Side notes
FATCA agreements have to models
MODEL1 MODEL2
Desi Financial institutions (banks, Mutual funds etc) will sent
report to their Government (CBDT)=> matter forwarded to=>
American IRS
Desi FI will directly send
info to American IRS tax
department
India has signed this type of agreement with USA
D5: Israel-Palestine: HAMAS-FATAH Unity Deal
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Interview Q. Why have Fatah and Hamas signed Unity deal? Whatll be its i mplication on
Israel-Palestine relations?
for the full historic coverage of Israel-Palestine, read my earlier article click me
Hamas and Fatah =two rival factions of PLO (Palestine Liberation Organization).
2006: Hamas wins Palestine election but failed to form government
2007: rift between Hamas and Fatah => civil war.
Both factions tried to reconcile in 2011 and 12 but no help.
Hamas Fatah
not importantIts leader Mahmood Abbas is thecurrent President of Palestine
authority.
Dominates Gaza & Coastal areas. Mostly poor &
isolated regions.
Dominates West Bank area. Most
populous and rich.
Refuses to recognize Israel as a sovereign
country.
Uses violent methods to teach Israelis a
lesson.
Moderate views than Hamas.
Undergoing crisis period due to lack of money
and political support.
Egyptian army wiped out their supporters
(Muslim brotherhood) and supply tunnels toEgyptian army supports them.
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Gaza.
Even Qatar has stopped supporting Hamas.
Fast forward to current issue
July 2013: Peace talks begin between Israel & Palestine, USA plays mediator.
These talks had deadline of nine months (=end in April 2014.)
But peace talks failed because:
PARTY Action
PALESTINE
Israel has not released our prisoners. Well now apply to join 15 UN
agencies and international treaties such as Vienna Convention on
diplomatic relations, child rights, anti-torture, anti-corruption convention
and so on. click me
Then well complain about Israel in those bodies.
Switzerland has even supported that Palestine can join Geneva
Convention!
ISRAEL
Palestine is trying to bully me under those stupid conventions
Now for tit for tat. Every month we collect taxes from Palestines junta
and pay $100 million to Palestine authority. But since youve applied to
those UN bodies & secretly negotiating with terror outfits like Hamas,
now well withhold that tax money :P
USAfirst time publically blamed Israel for failure of talks Because Israels
decision to build 700 more settlements in Palestinian territory
Anyways, just one day before the talk deadline in April 2014, Hamas and Fatah propose to sign apeace agreement, with following features:
We recognize Israel as a country (but of 1967 borders)
We Renounce violence
We Acceptance of previous Israel- Palestine agreement 2011 and Hamas-Fatah agreement
2012
Well hold election within 6 months.
Why USA-Israel unhappy with this Unity Deal between Hamas & Fatah?
1. USA and Israel have declared Hamas as a militant/ terrorist organization. Hence directnegotiation with Hamas is against their official policy.
2. USA declared that the pact is unhelpful and paused the talks.
3. Some expert believe this is a tactic by Palestine leader Mahmood Abbas. He has not
formally signed this treaty yet. This is a ploy to force Israel to release those $100 tax
money.
4. Israels stand: if Abbas signs this Unity Pact with Hamas=> well hold him reasonable for
every rocket fired towards Israeli settlements.
5. EU Stand: Hamas is still a terror outfit under EU laws. Well recognize any deal between
Israel-Palestine ONLY if Palestine is ruled by a non-violent regime.
D6: UN Security sector reforms (SSR)
DONOT confuse this with UN Securities council (Veto-walli) reform.
Background
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1. UN carter mandates every member to either troops or equivalent money in UN
Peacekeeping operations (PKOs).
2. The share depends on countrys economy & status in global governance.
3. While developed countries usually send money, developing countries such as India, Pak,
Bangladesh send troops. Because troopers gets more salary in UN, than in Parent country.
4. We are the largest troop contributor in PKO, have participated in 46 out 70 UN missions,
send 1.7 lakh soldiers and lost >150 of them.
Why SSR reforms?
1. Security forces play a pivotal role in ensuring human rights and justice to all, particularly
during civil war, natural disasters and other humanitarian crisis.
2. These Securities forces include International peacekeeping forces, National troops, police,
jail authorities, intelligence agencies, border patrol, and even non state actors such as
private security contractors.
3. 2007: UN Secretary General setup Security Sector reform (SSR) task force to make these
forces more accountable to people and to the rule of law.
4. April 2014: India presented its stand to SSR taskforce. Taskforce released first draft
resolution (known as Resolution 2151), accepting most of the recommendations by India.
Indias stand on SSR reforms:
1. In Africa, the deployment of UN peacekeeping force operations (PKO), is often seen as
Neo-Colonialism, hence doesnt get cooperation from locals.
2. Therefore, UN & (White) donor countries should keep minimum external footprint during
peacekeeping ops.
3. Instead we should ensure sustainable national ownership of the SSR process.
4. In other words, the strife-ridden (African) host countries should decide mandate the
functions/mandate of UN Peacekeeping troopers and how much Desi liquor quota should
be alloted to those foreign troopers.5. (White) donor countries should not be calling the shots. (Poor) Host country should
decide their own Priorities.
6. SSR reform should also focus on post-conflict peacebuilding.
7. Meaning, After peace agreement is signed (Between xyz African government vs rebels),
Peacekeeping operations should focus on maintenance of public order until situation
returns to normalcy (instead of immediately packing the bags and leaving- to save UN
budget.)
8. UN peacekeeping mission should be run in cost-effective manner and not with cost-cutting
mindset.
9. Without political reforms at national (African country level) and International (UNSC)level, any police, military reforms/charters will be hollow and unsustainable.
10. Sometimes soldiers of local ethnic majority dominate the peacekeeping corps, thereby act
discriminately and turn blind eye to human rights abuse.
11. Therefore, we should ensure impartial recruitments in peacekeeping forces.
UNSC Resolution 2151 on SSR
Included most of the points made by India
1. Bulk of the UN peacekeeping ops take place in Africa.
2. Here, SSR play crucial role in peace, stability, poverty removal and good governance.3. The Sovereign (host African) country should decide the mandate of (international)
peacekeeping forces.
4. If Rule of law is strictly enforced, many civil wars & conflicts can be prevented.
5. Therefore, UN should help not only during crisis but also for long term capacity building
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of these (African) armies, police, jail authorities, border patrol, immigration service and
judiciary.
6. UN should also help in rehabilitation of former rebels, child soldiers, victims;
disarmament of weapons; arms embargo; combat organized crime and corruption; ensure
gender justice etc.
7. SSR requires broader political reforms with participation of civil society and jholachhap
NGOs.
8. Include more women in security forces, exclude (African) mass rapists, mass murders and
child right abusers from joining national security forces (usually after peace agreementbetween African rebels and bogus government such criminals get plump posting in the
army and police.)
Mock Question
Examine the need for Securities Sector Reform (SSR), and discuss the stand of India and
UNSC on this i ssue (200 words)
Why need?
Security forces are essential to ensure human rights and justice to all, particularly during
civil war, natural disasters and other humanitarian crisis.
In last decade UN sent nearly a dozen peacekeeping Ops in Africa- they played a pivotal
role in peace, stability, poverty removal and good governance,
but even after peace agreements between government and rebels these African countries
have relapsed in turmoil (e.g. South Sudan)
To make peoples live safer, these UN missions must become more accountable and
effective.
Therefore, in 2007 UN Secretary General setup a task force on securities sector reforms
(SSR)
Indias stand
1. To prevent the feeling of Neo-Colonization in (African) host countries, UN should keep its
footprint minimal during peacekeeping operations.
2. We should ensure sustainable national ownership of the SSR process- host country
should decide the mandate of UN ops based on their political priorities.
3. UN peacekeeping mission should be run in cost-effective manner and not with cost-cutting
mindset.
4. They should ensure public order until normalcy is brought.
5. Clean and Impartial recruitment in (national) security forces, to protect the human rights of
ethnic minorities.
UNSC
In addition to above points by India, UNSC resolution in 2014, also includes following:
1. Long term capacity building of armies, police, jail authorities, border patrol, immigration
& judiciary.
2. Rehabilitation of former rebels, child soldiers and victims.
3. Disarmament & arms embargo
4. combat organized crime and corruption5. Broader political reforms with participation of civil society.
6. Gender justice, more women in security forces.
~250 words.
7/25/2019 Mrunal [Current] April-Week4-P3_ Diplomacy International Relations-Teesta Water Sharing, China BDCA Pact, US FA
13/13
5/22/2014 Mrunal [Current] April-Week4-P3: Diplomacy International Relations-Teesta Water Sharing, China BDCA Pact, US FATCA Treaty, Hamas-Fatah U
D7: UN-IOC Sports for development and Peace
UN and IOC has signed an agreement Sports for development and Peace
To use sports for promoting peace and economic development.
Features
Joint sporting initiatives with help of International Olympics Committee and its allies vs.
UN, its member states, Specialized agencies and goodwill ambassadors (like Suresh
Kalmadi and Sheila Dixit.)
Educate youth via sports: learn while you playSports to increase interaction of margined society with rest of the world .
In conflict areas like Syria and S.Sudan, Sports can help restore some normalcy.
Sports can motivate children to enroll in schools.
Sports can empower girls, give them leadership skills.
Even HIV, drug abuse and environment protection messages can be taught via sports.
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Posted By Mrunal On 13/05/2014 @ 22:40 In the category Current Affairs Weekly
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