1
Role of Regional Development Institutions
in creating an enabling environment
towards shared prosperity :
the case of Mumbai Metropolitan Region
Uma AdusumilliChief, Planning Division
Mumbai Metropolitan Regional Planning AuthorityWebsite : [email protected]
January 20, 2016
A presentation at the
International Conference on
Sustainable Development through
“Quality Infrastructure Investment”
Tokyo, Japan
Mumbai
Metropolitan
Region
:
The
LocationMMRMaharashtra
India
Mumbai District
MMR
2
• 4312 sq.km. (Mumbai X 10)
• 22.8 M people in 2011
• 17 Municipalities (30% area, 91% population)
• 1029 Villages (70% area, 9% population)
• 38 Planning Authorities
• 14 Infrastructure Agencies
Mumbai :
• Commercial and financial capital of India
• Generates 6% of India’s GDP
• Accounts for 33% of Income Tax, 60% of
customs duty, 20% of central excise tax and
40% of India;s foreign trade
• Handles 70% of total Indian transactions
• Contributes > US$ 650m annually as Corp.
taxes
MMR : Basic facts
The issues
• MMR losing its competitive advantage
• Declining secondary sector economy
• Slow growth, informalisation and concentration of employment
• Urban-rural imbalance
• Lack of affordable housing
• Inadequate public transportation and other infrastructure
• Peri-urban developments without governance
• Sporadic developments spread across the region –inadequate
infrastructure
• Data paucity for planning
Issues in the Development of MMR
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What is desirable ?
• Realistic population and employment
projections and distribution
• Land use planning for economy and
balanced growth of region
• Dispersal of employment to the rest
of the region
• Promotion of Industry and
Warehousing
• Compact urbanisation with
increased governance
• Regional infrastructure projects
• Data availability for informed choices
Objectives for MMR
What is being proposed/done ?
• Population 2031 rationalised to 29M, area for
urbanisation not under pressure
• Review of city plans, local economic
development centrers for rural areas
• Development of new growth centres as
integrated complexes
• Zoning and regulations for facilitating growth
in secondary sector
• Expansion of city limits, creation of new
municipal areas
• Regional transportation, water resource
development and solid waste management
• Regional Information System
Background Studies – 1998 to 2013
• Water Resource Development Study
• River Studies for Flood Control and Environmental Management
• Comprehensive Transportation Study
• Business Plan
• Economic Development of MMR study
• Concept Plan
• Environmental Status Report
Statutory Regional Plan for MMR : 2014-2034
Recent Studies on MMR
4
Infrastructure Investment Needs 2008-2021
Sr.
No. Sectors
Investment Needs
US$ B
1 Port Development 3.79
2 Airport Development 2.88
3 Water Resource Development 2.82
4 Transit Development 22.66
5 Metropolitan Road Development & Terminals 10.21
6 Drainage 0.40
7 Power 10.90
8 Local Municipal Infrastructure 5.51
9 Public Housing 2.44
Total 61.61
Total Excluding Ports, Airport and Electricity 44.04
Expectation on PPP Mode 28%
Item
Investment
Needs
US$ B
Inter
Govt.
transfers
Own
Resources
Borro-
wings
Private /
PPP
Total 44.04 22% 29% 21% 28%
Administrative Boundaries
Big Cities
Small Towns
Cities
Urbanising rural areas
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MMRDA established in 1975 for development of MMR
In 4 decades, it specialised in :
• Spatial planning at Regional and Micro levels,
• Land development and development control,
• Regional Institution building,
• Regional co-ordination,
• Infrastructure financing,
• Design & execution of Regional projects (regional in nature or spread )
• Structuring & execution of PPP projects
• Handling rehabilitation issues
Powers :
• to direct other institutions towards actions,
• to levy betterment charges,
• to acquire lands for public purpose
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• Focus till 2003 on policy
planning for the region
• Moved to implementation of
regional projects of :
- transportation
- water resource development
- solid waste management
- Housing
• Undertaking mission mode
projects to clear regional
backlog (slum sanitation &
skywalks)
Strategies Used by MMRDA
Transport
Infrastructure
• MUTP
• Metro
• Mono Rail
Pedestrian
Safety:
• FOBs
• Skywalks
Housing
• For infrastruc-
ture dishoused
• Rental Housing
Regional
Projects
• Regional water
resource dev.
• Regional Landfill
Social Initiatives
• Slum toilets
• Livelihood Cell
for rehabilitated
New
Ventures
• Multimodal corridor
• Growth Centers
MMRDA’s
Initiatives
Road
Infrastructure
• ROBs
• Elevated Roads
• Flyovers
Projects by MMRDA
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Enabling environment for
shared prosperity
in MMR
Mechanisms considered important in MMR :
1. Creation of regional policy, finance and relevant institutions
towards improving quality of infrastructure
2. Public-Public Partnerships towards execution of projects
3. Regional governance and conflict resolution
4. Balancing rural and urban development
5. Regional Information Systems
Role of Regional Development Institutions
8
Regional Spatial Development Policy in MMR includes :
• Direction and extent of urbanisation
• Program of transformation or rural areas into urban
• Environmental safeguards and management
• Efforts for improving regional economy and employment
• Allocation of regional water resources
• Regional flood management
Regional Policy
Projects funded (60% for urban projects)
No. Level of ProjectsSanctioned Disbursed
Amount US$ M Share Amount US$ M Share
1 Regional 373 39% 298 39%
2 Urban 565 59% 450 59%
3 Rural 19 2% 15 2%
Total 957 100% 763 100%
Regional Financing
• Own funds + National and State level funds parked in MMRDA
• A combination of grants and loans provided
• 30 agencies, 190 projects, nearly US$ 1B funds
• Allows tech appraisal of project, appraisal of finances of borrower
• Opportunity for reform, improvement of quality thro monitoring
• No defaults in 25 years
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Sl. No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30
No. of
Proj.ects2 2 3 13 17 2 22 3 4 7 1 8 7 17 17 1 2 2 6 1 1 3 24 5 6 4 5 2 2 2 189
Sanct.
Amount0 60 130 193 139 43 517 0 157 460 133 408 1583541 667 20 5 6 14 0 3 153 614 84 2 0 5 79 175 11 6,223
Dsbrsd
Amount0 46 42 173 138 43 365 0 92 270 100 408 1221527 601 20 3 4 11 0 3 126 502 79 1 0 3 79 69 12 4,959
Level of
ProjectU U U UR UR R U U U U R UR UR U U U UR UR U U U R U U U UR UR UR RL RL
District R T M T TR M T R T T T M MTR M T T T T R R M TR T T R T T T T R
Disbursement of funds(US$ IB approved, 80% disbursed)
• MMR-Heritage Conservation Society and MMR-Environment Improvement
Society
• Maharashtra Urban Infrastructure Fund (MUIF) to address the infrastructure
needs of Municipalities in the state
• Mithi River Development and Protection Authority (MRDPA)
• Unified Mumbai Metropolitan Transport Authority (UMMTA) to focus on
design, financing, integration, safety,
co-ordination, R&D aspects of mass transportation
• NAMMTRI to address the mass rapid transport training needs
• Mumbai Metro Rail Corp. (MMRC) to execute metro rail projects
Multiple agencies engaged in planning, financing, dev. and governance
make it more necessary to co-ordinate and manage rather than just plan.
Regional Institution Building
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• Mumbai and 4 M+ cities exist, 4 more M+ cities emerging
• Govt. committed to dev. of MMR as a spatial unit
• Regional dev. demands pooled capacities
• Results in both conflicts and strategic alliances
Regional Conflicts and Alliances
Conflicts :
• City vs City
• Big cities vs Small towns
• Urban vs Rural
• Special Plng. interventions vs City govts.
• Infra agencies vs City govts.
• Slum dwellers vs Rest of cities
• Enviro NGOs vs Social NGOs
• NGOs vs City govts.
• Geography demands multi city connections
• Fiercely independent old towns
• Mumbai in proximity raises expectations
• History of Public-Public Partnerships
• MMRDA with Cities
• Infra Agencies with Cities
• Cities with other Cities
• Special Planning Agencies with Cities
• Special Planning Agencies with villages
• History of Public Private Partnerships
• PPPs working in transportation and housing projects
• Emerging in water and sanitation sectors
Partnerships in MMR
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Increasing Municipal areas
Issues :
Jurisdictions, parameters covered, periodicity, timing, ease of access, authenticity.
Information requirements
• Demographic, employment and economic growth characteristics
• spatial development trends,
• Infrastructure levels and investments,
• housing supply and demand, and real estate trends,
• environmental parameters, and
• institutional arrangements
Immediate steps :
• needs assessment and readiness assessment – both going on
• identify roles for various institutions
• establish protocols for information gathering, storage and dissemination
The RIS can serve the needs of all government agencies operating in the
region and provide authentic data for facilitating market research as well.
Regional Information System
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• 435 km of metro rail
• 248 km of new sub-urban rail
• 540 km of highways
• 6 new intercity train terminals
• 10 truck terminals, 13 intercity and 4 interstate bus terminals
• Sewer & Storm Water networks, Sewage Treatments Plants, Sanitary Landfills
• 4.5 b new homes – mostly in private domain
• Development of 3 green field growth centres (300 ha. each)
• Development of Local Development Centres for rural clusters
• Establishment of Regional Lab for Information System, research and training
• All before 2031
Investments required for quality infrastructure
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• 29% area for development,
• 39% area for low development,
• 32% area for conservation
No. Use Zone Code
Development Zones
1 Urbanisable Zone 1
2 Urbanisable Zone 2
3 Industrial Zone
4 Recreation Zone
Low Development Zones
5 Green Zone 1
6 Green Zone 2 (sensitive)
Conservation Zones
7 Forest Zone
8 Wetlands
Regional Plan 1996-2011