8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
1/23
4/25/12
Emotions
BY
Muneer and Jawad
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
2/23
4/25/12
AFFECTAFFECT
A broad range of feelings that people experience.
Affect can be experienced in the form of emotions ormoods. Feelings associated with motivation
Positive things are going well, keep doing what you aredoing
Negative something wrong, change behavior Related with goals
Positive succeeding toward/accomplishing goals Negative something is interfering/blocking goals
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
3/23
4/25/12
EmotionsEMOTIONS
Intense feelings directed toward someone orsomething
Caused by a specific event
Very brief in duration (seconds or minutes)Usually very specificanger, fear, sadness,happiness, disgust, etc.
Usually accompanied by distinct facial expressions(visual cues)
Action-oriented (plan to do something)
Remember ,
Emotions cannot be neutral.
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
4/23
4/25/12
MoodsMOODS
Less intense feelings that lack a specific cause
Cause is often general and unclear
Last longer than emotions (hours or days)
More general (either positive affect or negativeaffect)
Generally not indicated by distinct expressions
Cognitive in nature (thinking or brooding)
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
5/23
4/25/12
Affect, Emotions and Moods
MoodsFeelings that tend to beless intense than emotionsand that lack a specificcause
EmotionsIntense feelings that aredirected at someone orsomething
AffectA broad range of emotions that people experience
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
6/23
4/25/12
Basic Emotions
There appear to be six basic emotions:
1. Anger
2. Fear
3. Happiness
4. Surprise
5.
Sadness6. Disgust
All other emotions are subsumed under these six May even be placed in a spectrum of emotion:
Happiness surprise fear sadness anger
disgust
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
7/23
4/25/12
BIOLOGICAL FOUNDATION OFEMOTIONS
Emotions originate in the brains limbic system, whichis different for each
person
LIMBIC SYSTEM when active, you see things in anegative light
Inactive limbic system = experience positive emotions(happiness, joy)
Active limbic system = negative emotions dominate(anger, guilt)
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
8/23
4/25/12
Sources of Emotions and Moods PersonalityPersonality is a key component and will definitely impact the intensity
of the emotions we feelDO YOU LET YOUR FEELINGS SHOW? -- EXTRAVERTS
HIDE Your EMOTIONS -- INTROVERTS Day and Time of the WeekThere is a common pattern for all of us
NEGATIVE MOODS
HIGHEST ON SUNDAYS & MONDAYS (BEGINNING OF THEWEEK)
POSITIVE MOODS
-- HIGHEST AT THE END OF THE WEEK (THURSDAY SATURDAY
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
9/23
4/25/12
Weather
Weather is thought to have an impact on our emotions, but there is noproven effect. DO WE HAVE MORE POSITIVE MOODS ON BRIGHT, SUNNY DAYS
THAN RAINY ONES?CONTRARY TO POPULAR BELIEF - MOOD AND THEWEATHER ARE NOT RELATED
StressEven low levels of constant stress can worsen moods
Stressful daily events negatively affect employees moods.
Constant, prolonged exposure to stress leads todepression and negative feelings.
Social Activities
Physical, informal, and dining activities increase positive moods
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
10/23
4/25/12
Sleep Poor sleep quality increases negative affect SLEEP QUALITY
AFFECTS MOOD (75% not getting enough sleep)
SLEEP-DEPRIVED WORKERS
greater feelings of fatigue, anger, and hostilityimpaireddecision-making & alertness
Exercise Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed
people
AgeYOUNG PEOPLE DO NOT EXPERIENCE MORE POSITIVE MOODS THAN
OLDER PEOPLE
NEGATIVE EMOTIONS SEEM TO OCCUR LESS AS PEOPLE GET OLDER
Emotional Experience tends to improve with age as we age,we feel fewer negative emotions.
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
11/23
4/25/12
Gender and Emotions
CONTRASTED WITH MEN, WOMEN ARE
MORE IN TOUCH WITH THEIR FEELINGS
SHOW GREATER EMOTIONAL EXPRESSION
EXPERIENCE EMOTIONS MORE INTENSELY
MORE LIKELY TO DISPLAY POSITIVE & NEGATIVE EMOTIONS (except anger)
ARE BETTER AT READING NONVERBAL CUES
CAUSES OF THIS?
THE DIFFERENT WAYS MEN AND WOMEN HAVE BEEN SOCIALIZED INSOCIETY
MEN EXPECTED TO BE TOUGH, BRAVE, DONT CRY, ETC.
WOMEN EXPECTED TO BE NURTURING, WARM, AND FRIENDLY (Smile)
WOMEN JUST HAVE A BETTER ABILITY TO READ OTHERS & PRESENT THEIREMOTIONS THAN MEN
WOMEN MAY HAVE A GREATER NEED FOR SOCIAL APPROVAL &A HIGHER PROPENSITY TO DISPLAY POSITIVE EMOTIONS, SUCH
AS HAPPINESS.
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
12/23
4/25/12
External Constraints on Emotions
OrganizationalInfluences
CulturalInfluences
IndividualEmotions
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
13/23
4/25/12
Organizational Influences
Most organizations strive to be emotion-free
* Emotional Labor
A situation in which an employee expresses organizationallydesired emotions during interpersonal transactions.
Emotional dissonanceis when an employee has to projectone emotion while feeling another one
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
14/23
4/25/12
Felt vs. Displayed Emotions
Felt: the individuals actual emotions
Displayed: required or appropriate emotions
Surface Acting: displaying appropriately butnot feeling those emotions internally
Deep Acting: changing internal feelings tomatch display rules - very stressful
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
15/23
4/25/12
CULTURAL INFLUENCES Cultures vary in:
Degree to which people experience emotions Interpretation of emotions Norms for the expression of emotions For Example
For
Americans smiling is a sign of friendliness viewed positively
Muslims - smiling is a sign of physical attractionso women dontsmile at men
Japanese - smiling indicates a lack of intelligence (an ignorantairhead!)
French make no effort to hide their personal feelings aboutcustomers
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
16/23
4/25/12
Continued. Some questions that need to be answered are: Do people experience emotions equally?
No. Culture can determine type, frequency, and depth ofexperienced emotions
Do people interpret emotions the same way? Yes. Negative emotions are seen as undesirable and
positive emotions are desirable However, value of each emotion varies across cultures
Do norms of emotional expression vary? Yes. Some cultures have a bias against emotional
expression; others demand some display of emotion
How the emotions are expressed may makeInterpretation outside of ones culture difficult
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
17/23
4/25/12
Emotional Intelligence
Ones ability to detect and manage emotional cues and
information
FIVE DIMENSIONS
Self-awareness
Being aware of what youre feeling
Self-management
The ability to manage your own emotions and impulses
Self-motivation
The ability to persist in the face of setbacks and failures
Empathy
The ability to sense how others are feeling
Social Skills
The ability to handle the emotions of others
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
18/23
4/25/12
PROS & CONS OFEMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE
STRENGTHSINTUITIVE APPEAL
- being street smart and socially intelligentmakes sense
IT PREDICTS JOB PERFORMANCE
- correlations found are significantITS BIOLOGICALLY BASED
- its neurological and affects decision-making
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
19/23
4/25/12
ContinuedCAUTIONS
ITS TOO VAGUE/TOO BROAD- no one is sure what this concept is
- is it intelligence? self-discipline? empathy?or self-awareness?
IT ISNT MEASURED CONSISTENTLY
- we havent used good methodologyIS IT VALID?
- its so closely related to personality andintelligence
- when you control for these factors, there isnt
anything left thats unique
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
20/23
4/25/12
HOW MANAGERS MIGHTUSE EMOTIONS AND MOODS
Selection
EI should be a hiring factor, especially for social jobs. Decision Making
Positive emotions can lead to better decisions. Creativity
Positive mood increases flexibility, openness, andcreativity.
Motivation Positive mood affects expectations of success; feedback
amplifies this effect. Leadership
Emotions are important to acceptance of messages from
organizational leaders.
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
21/23
4/25/12
Continued. Negotiation
Emotions, skillfully displayed, can affect negotiations
Customer Services Emotions affect service quality delivered to customers
which, in turn, affects customer relationships Job Attitudes
Can carry over to home, but dissipate overnight Deviant Workplace Behaviors
Negative emotions lead to employee deviance (actionsthat violate norms and threaten the organization)
Managers Influence Leaders who are in a good mood, use humor, and praise
employees increase positive moods in the workplace.
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
22/23
4/25/12
Implications for Managers Understand the role of emotions and moods to
explain and predict behavior Emotions and moods can increase motivation Emotional labor recognizes that certain feelings
can be part of a jobs requirements Intense emotions can interfere with performance
of complex jobs
8/2/2019 Muneer and Jawad
23/23
4/25/12