Muscle Memory
SternocleidomastoidLocation – • NeckMovement – • Head Flexion and rotation
ExtraOrigin - • Manubrium of sternum and medial portion of clavicle.Insertion – • Mastoid process of temporal bone and superior nuchal line of occipital bone.Nerve Supply – • Accessory Nerve (Cranial nerve XI)
Pectoralis MajorLocation –
• Chest
Movement – • Shoulder Flexion• Internal Rotation• Shoulder Adduction
ExtraOrigin –
• Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 and aponeurosis of external oblique muscle.
Insertion –• Fibers converge to insert by a short tendon into intertubercular groove of humerus.
Nerve Supply – • Lateral and Medial Pectoral Nerves
• Pulls rib cage upward, thus helps in climbing, throwing, pushing and forced inspiration.
Pectoralis MinorLocation –
• ChestMovement –
• Stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
ExtrasOrigin –
• 3rd to 5th ribs near their costal cartilages
Insertion – • Medial border and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula
Nerve Supply – • Medial pectoral nerves (C8, T1)
Biceps BrachiiLocation- • Anterior upper armMovement – • Elbow Flexion•Forearm Supination
Extra• Has 2 origins (bi)
• Short head - coracoid process•Long head – tubercle above glenoid cavity
• Insertion • Radial Tuberosity
• Nerve Supply• Musculocutaneous Nerve
BrachialisLocation –
• Proximal to the elbow in supination.
Movement – • Elbow flexion
ExtrasOrigin –
• Distal half of anterior surface of humerus
Insertion – • Coronoid process and tuberosity of ulna
Nerve Supply – • Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
BrachioradialisLocation –
• Front of forearm.Movement –
• Elbow Flexion• Elbow Pronation• Elbow Supination
ExtrasOrigin –
• Lower 2/3 of lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus.
Insertion – • Styloid process of radius.
Nerve Supply – • Radial Nerve
Flexor Digitorum SuperficialisLocation –
• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.Movement –
• Flexes proximal phalanges at matacarpophalangeal joints . •Flexes middle phalanges at proximal interphalangeal joints of medial 4 fingers.
ExtrasOrigin -
• Humeroulnar head: medial epicondyle of humerus, ulnar collateral ligament, and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: superior half of anterior border of radius
Insertion – • Bodies of middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5
Nerve Supply – • Median nerve (C7, C8 and T1) (C7, C8, T1)
Palmaris LongusLocation-
•Inside of forearmMovement-
•Weak wrist flexion•Tenses skin and fascia of palm during hand movements.
ExtraOrigin-
•Medial epicondyle of humerusInsertion-
•Palmar aponeurosis, skin and fascia of palm.
Nerve Supply-•Median nerve
• Some people don’t have one (14%)• Touch your pointer finger with your 5th finger and flex your wrist to see it.
Pronator TeresLocation –
• Anterior aspect of the elbow in supination.
Movement – • Forearm Pronation• Elbow Flexion
ExtrasOrigin -
• Medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid process of ulna
Insertion – • Middle of lateral surface of radius
Nerve Supply – • Median nerve (C6 and C7) (C6, C7)
TrapeziusLocation- •Upper BackMovement – • Stabilizes, raises, retracts, and rotates Scapula
Extra• Origin
• Occipital bone, spines of C7-T12
• Insertion• Along Acromion and spine of scapula and Lat. 1/3 of clavicle
• Nerve Supply•Accessory Nerve
Levator ScapulaeLocation –
• Back of the neck.Movement –
• Scapula Elevation.
ExtrasOrigin –
• Transverse processes of C1 – C4
Insertion – • Medial border of scapula, superior to the spine.
Nerve Supply – • Cervical spinal nerves• Dorsal scapular nerve
Rhomboid MinorLocation –
• Upper back• Between scapula and spine
Movement – • Retract scapula• Rotate scapula to depress glenoid cavity•Fix scapula to thoracic wall
ExtraOrigin –
• Nuchal ligament and spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae.
Insertion – • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle.
Nerve Supply – • Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5)
Rhomboid MajorLocation –
• Back• Between the scapula and the spine
Movement – • Retract scapula and rotate it to depress glenoid cavity•Fix scapula to thoracic wall
ExtrasOrigin –
• Spinous processes of T2 - T5 vertebrae
Insertion – • Medial border of scapula from level of spine to inferior angle
Nerve Supply – • Dorsal scapular nerve ( C4 and C5) (C4, C5)
Triceps BrachiiLocation –
• Back of the armMovement –
• Elbow Extension
ExtrasOrigin –
• LH: Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula• LTH: Posterior shaft of humerus• MH: Posterior humeral shaft distal to radial groove.
Insertion – • By common tendon into olecranon process of ulna.
Nerve Supply – • Radial Nerve
Latissimus DorsiLocation –
• Inferior backMovement –
• Shoulder Extension• Shoulder Adduction• Shoulder Internal rotation
ExtrasOrigin -
• Spinous processes of inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and inferior 3 or 4 ribs
Insertion – • Floor of intertubercular groove of humerus
Nerve Supply – • Thoracodorsal nerve (C6, C7, and C8) (C6, C7, C8)
SupraspinatusLocation –
• Top of the shoulder• On the scapula
Movement – • Shoulder abduction.
ExtraOrigin –
• Supraspinous fossaInsertion –
• Superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus.
Nerve Supply – • Suprascapular nerve.
• Part of the rotator cuff.• Stabilizes the humeral head in the glenoid fossa.• Action is controversial.
InfraspinatusLocation –
• Scapula• Back
Movement – • Helps to hold head of humerus in gleniod cavity.• Stabilizing shoulder joint• External rotation
ExtraOrigin –
• Infraspinous fossa of scapula.Insertion –
• Greater tubercle of humerus posterior to insertion of supraspinatus.
Nerve Supply – • Suprascapular
• Part of Rotator Cuff.
Teres MinorLocation –
• Back• Inferior scapula
Movement – • Shoulder External Rotation.• Helps hold humeral head in glenoid cavity.
ExtrasOrigin -
• Superior part of lateral border of scapula
Insertion – •Inferior facet on greater tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Supply – • Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
SubscapularisLocation –
• Inside of the scapulaMovement –
• Shoulder Adduction• Shoulder Internal Rotation.
ExtrasOrigin -
• Subscapular fossa of scapula Insertion –
• Lesser tuberosity of humerus Nerve Supply –
• Upper and lower subscapular nerves (C5, C6 and C7) (C5, C6, C7)
Teres MajorLocation –
• Back• Lower scapula
Movement – • Shoulder adduction• Shoulder internal rotation
ExtrasOrigin –
• Dorsal surface of inferior angle of scapula.
Insertion – • Medial lip of intertubercular groove of humerus.
Nerve Supply – • Subscapular nerve
Serratus AnteriorLocation –
• Side of the rib cageMovement –
• Draws scapula forward and upward.• Abducts and rotates scapula.• Stabilizes vertebral border of scapula.
ExtrasOrigin -
• Superolateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of chest
Insertion – • Vertebral border of scapula
Nerve Supply – • Long thoracic nerve (C5, C6, C7) (C5, C6, C7)
Anterior DeltoidLocation –
• Superior and anterior aspect of the shoulder.
Movement – • Shoulder Flexion• Shoulder Internal rotation
ExtrasOrigin -
• Lateral third of clavicle, acromion, and spine of scapula
Insertion – • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Nerve Suppley – • Axillary nerve (C5 and C6) (C5, C6)
Middle DeltoidLocation-
•Top of shoulder•Upper arm
Movement-•Shoulder Abduction (3)
Extras• 3 total deltoid musclesOrigin-
•Embraces insertion of the trapezius•lateral 1/3 of clavicle•acromion and spine of scapula
Insertion-•Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Nerve Supply-•Axillary nerve
Posterior DeltoidLocation –
• Top and posterior of shoulder
Movement – • Transverse Extension.• Shoulder Abduction (3)
ExtrasOrigin –
• Lower lip of posterior border of spine of scapula as far back as medial end.
Insertion – • Deltoid tuberosity of humerus.
Nerve Supply – • Axillary Nerve
Iliopsoas Combination of 3 muscles:
1. Psoas major2. Psoas minor3. Iliacus
Location – • Abdomen
Movement – • Torso Flexion• Hip Flexion
ExtrasOrigin –
• Anterior surfaces and lower borders of transverse processes of L1 - L5 and bodies and discs of T12 - L5
Insertion – • Lesser trochanter
Nerve Supply – • Direct fibers of L1 - L3 of lumbar
plexus (L1, L2, L3)
SartoriusLocation –
• Anterior aspect of the thigh• Medial aspect of the knee.
Movement – • Hip Flexion• Hip External Rotation • Knee Flexion.
Extras Origin –
• Anterior superior iliac spine .Insertion –
• Superior aspect of the medial surface of the tibial shaft near the tibial tuberosity.
Nerve Supply – • Femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Rectus FemorisLocation- • Middle, Front ThighMovement – •Knee Extension•Hip Flexion
Extra• Origin
• Anterior Inferior Illiac Spine
• Insertion•Patella and Tibial Tuberosity via Patellar Ligament
• Nerve Supply•Femoral Nerve
Vastus LateralisLocation –
• Anterior aspect of thigh.Movement –
• Knee Extension
ExtrasOrigin –
• Superior portion of intertrochanteric line, anterior and inferior borders of greater trochanter, superior portion of lateral lip of linea aspera, and lateral portion of gluteal tuberosity of femur.
Insertion –• Lateral base and border of patella; also forms the lateral patellar retinaculum and lateral side of quadriceps femoris tendon.
Nerve Supply – • Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Vastus MedialisLocation –
• Front of thighMovement –
• Extends knee• Stabilize patella
ExtrasOrigin –
• Linea aspera, intertrochanteric line.
Insertion –• As for rectus femoris
Nerve Supply – • Femoral Nerve
• Part of the Quadriceps muscle group.• Tear drop on the inside is called the ‘oblique.’
Vastus IntermediusLocation –
• Anterior aspect of the thigh.Movement –
• Knee Extension
ExtrasOrigin –
• Superior 2/3 of anterior and lateral surfaces of femur; also from lateral intermuscular septum of thigh
Insertion – • Lateral border of patella; also forms the deep portion of the quadriceps tendon
Nerve Supply – • Muscular branches of femoral nerve (L2, L3, L4)
Anterior TibialisLocation –
• Front of lower legMovement –
• Dorsiflexion of ankle.
ExtraOrigin –
• Lateral condyle and upper 2/3 of tibial shaft; interosseous membrane.
Insertion – • By tendon into inferior surface of medial cuneiform and first metatarsal bone.
Nerve Supply –• Deep fibular nerve
• Muscle associated with shin splints.
Gluteus Maximus
Location – • Butt• Backside
Movement – • Hip extension.• Hip external rotation.• Hip abduction.
ExtrasOrigin –
• Posterior aspect of dorsal ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, posterior superior iliac crest, posterior inferior aspect of sacrum and coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament.
Insertion – • Primarily in fascia lata at the iliotibial band; also into the gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface.
Nerve Supply – • Inferior gluteal nerve
SemitendinosusLocation –
• Posterior aspect of the thigh.Movement –
• Knee Flexion• Hip Extension• Tibia internal rotation when knee is flexed.
ExtrasOrigin –
• From common tendon with long head of biceps femoris from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion – • Superior aspect of medial portion of tibial shaft
Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
SemimebranosusLocation – • Back of the thigh.Movement – • Knee Flexion• Hip extension and internal rotation.
Extra• Part of the Hamstring group.Origin – • Ischial tuberosityInsertion – • Medial condyle of tibia.Nerve Supply – • Sciatic nerve.
Biceps FemorisLocation –
• Back of the thigh.Movement –
• Flexes the knee• Rotates the tibia laterally. • Extends the hip joint
ExtrasOrigin –
• Common tendon with semitendinosus from superior medial quadrant of the posterior portion of the ischial tuberosity
Insertion – • Primarily on fibular head; also on lateral collateral ligament and lateral tibial condyle
Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (L5, S1, S2)
GastrocnemiusLocation –
• Posterior lower legMovement –
• Plantarflexes foot when knee extended• Knee flexion when ankle dorsiflexed
ExtraOrigin –
• By two heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur.
Insertion – • Posterior calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.
Nerve Supply – • Tibial Nerve
SoleusLocation –
• Posterior aspect of the lower leg.• Under the gastrocnemius.
Movement – • Ankle Plantarflexion
ExtrasOrigin –
• Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft, and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the two sites of bone origin
Insertion – • Eventually unites with the gastrocnemius aponeurosis to form the Achilles tendon, inserting on the middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface
Nerve Supply – • Tibial nerve (S1, S2) (S1, S2)
Gluteus MinimusLocation –
• Lateral aspect of the hip.Movement –
• Hip Abduction• Hip Internal rotation.
ExtrasOrigin –
• Dorsal ilium between inferior and anterior gluteal lines; also from edge of greater sciatic notch
Insertion – • Anterior surface of greater trochanter
Nerve Supply – • Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)
Gluteus Medius
Location-• Back side.•Buttocks
Movement-•Hip Abduction• Hip internal rotation
ExtrasOrigin-
• Between anterior and posterior gluteal lines on lateral surface of ilium
Insertion-•By short tendon into lateral aspect of greater trochanter of femur
Nerve Supply-• Superior gluteal nerve
• Important in walking• Muscle of limb planted on ground tilts or holds pelvis in abduction so that pelvis on side of swinging limb does not sag.• The foot of swinging limb can thus clear the ground.
Tensor Fasciae LataeLocation –
• Lateral aspect of the upper leg.Movement –
• Helps stabilize the hip and knee by putting tension on the iliotibial band of fascia.
ExtrasOrigin -
• Anterior superior iliac spine, outer lip of anterior iliac crest and fascia lata
Insertion – • Iliotibial band
Nerve Supply – •Superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1) (L4, L5, S1)
Peroneus Longus
Location – • Lateral, lower leg
Movement – • Ankle Eversion.•Ankle Plantarflexion• Supports transverse arch
ExtrasOrigin –
• Head of fibula• Upper ½ - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface.
Insertion – • Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform.• Lateral side of 1st metatarsal base.
Nerve Supply – • Superficial peroneal nerve.
Adductor LongusLocation –
• Inside of the thighMovement –
• Adduction of the hip• Hip flexion
ExtraOrigin –
• Pubic body just below the pubic crest.
Insertion – • Middle 1/3 of the linea aspera
Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve
Adductor BrevisLocation –
• Inside of thighMovement –
• Adducts hip.• Flexes hip.• Externally rotates hip.
Extras Origin –
• Anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus, inferior to origin of adductor longus.
Insertion – • Pectineal line and superior part of medial lip of linea aspera.
Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve
Adductor MagnusLocation –
• Medial aspect of the thigh.Movement –
• Hip Adduction• Hip Flexion (Horizontal fibers)• Hip Extension (Vertical fibers)
ExtrasOrigin –
• Inferior pubic ramus, ischial ramus, and inferolateral area of ischial tuberosity
Insertion – • Gluteal tuberosity of femur, medial lip of linea aspera, medial supracondylar ridge, and adductor tubercle
Nerve Supply – • Posterior division of obturator nerve innervates most of the adductor magnus; vertical or hamstring portion innervated by tibial nerve (L2, L3, L4)
GracilisLocation – • Inside of the thigh.Movement – • Hip adduction, flexion, and internal rotation.
ExtrasOrigin – • Inferior ramus and body of pubis and adjacent ischial ramus.Insertion – • Medial surface of tibia just inferior to its medial condyle (Pes Anserinus).Nerve Supply – • Obturator nerve.
PectineusLocation –
• Inside of the thigh.Movement –
• Hip Adduction• Hip Flexion
ExtrasOrigin –
• Pecten pubis and pectineal surface of the pubis
Insertion – • Pectineal line of femur
Nerve Supply – •Femoral nerve usually, although it may sometimes receive additional innervation from the obturator nerve as well (L2, L3, L4)