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X-ray of a pulmonary aspergillosis case
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Wet mount preparation in 10% KOH from
a patient sputum with pulmonary aspergillosis.
Note the branching hyphae of the genus
Aspergillus.
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This is aspergillosis in the liver tissue showing septate hyphae
with branches.
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A silver stained section of a tissueforked with septate hyphae with
branches in 45o angle typical of the
genus Aspergillus.
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Occasionally the genus Aspergillus in cavities of
the body could form conidiophores as it does on
cultures on agar plates. This an example of
conidiophores of Aspergillus from a cavity.
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Colony of Aspergillus fumigatus with
a typical gray-green colored conidia.
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A typical conidiophore of A. fumigatus.Note its smooth-walled and flask-shape
vesicle. A single row of phialids produces
chains of echinulate, globose conidia
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Aspergillus terreus is an occasionaletiologic agent of aspergillosis. The
colony is velvety with masses of
cinnamon-buff conidia on the surface
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Microscopic features
of a A, terreus colonyshowing a conidiophore
with a dome-like vesicle
and two series of phialids.
Smooth-walled sphericalconidia are produced in
chains from the phialids.
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This is a colony of Aspergillus niger. The vegetative
mycelium around the edges of the colony is white or
yellow with large, black conidial heads toward the
center of the colony.
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Microscopic features of the conidiophores of A. niger. They
are characterized by a dark pigmentation near the globose
vesicle. Black to brown conidia are observed around the
conidiophores.
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Mucocutaneous candidiasis
on the face of a baby
associated with a chronic
granulomatous disease.This disease is observed
in children with various
genetic defects.
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This is case of candidiasis with fissures of the mouth
as well as an inactive paronychia.
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Candidiasis is not uncommon in babies lacking goodhygienic conditions. Symptoms may become severe
around the face, axillae, or on others areas of the
body. Diaper candidiasis is a good example. This
figure shows a pure culture of Candida albicans
on this baby’s neck.
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Onycomycosis is a common form of cutaneous candidiasis.
The surface of the nails appears as a hardened, thickened,
brownish-discolored nail plate.
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Vaginal candidiasis better
known as “yeast infection”.
Predisposition factors for
vaginal candidiasis includediabetes, antibiotic therapy,
oral contraceptives, and
pregnancy. This disease is
characterized by the
presence of a thick, yellow,milky discharge and whitish
patches on the surface the
genitalia.
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This is pruritus ani due
to colonization of Candida
spp. This condition may
occur after the use of abroad spectrum bacterial
antibiotic for one week
or more.
The most affected arechildren and the elderly
population.
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Disseminate candidiasis. The figure shows a kidney after
dissemination of the Candida spp. from the original site.
This patient was debilitated by a acute case of leukemia.
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This Gram stained slide is a smear from a mouth
candidiasis case. Note the pseudophyphae (blue
arrows), the budding yeast cells (yellow arrows),
the hyphae (green arrow) and bacteria (arrow heads)
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A case of systemic candidiasis. Silver stained slide of a
renal candidiasis showing pseudohyphae and budding
yeast cells.
YeastPsuedohyphae
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A close-up view shows yeast colonies of Candida spp. on
Sabouraud dextrose agar from a vaginal sample of
Candidiasis. Note the typical features of the yeast colonies.
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The most rapid method
for identification of
Candida albicans in theclinical laboratory is by
checking for the formation
of these germ tubes in
serum at 37o
C after twohours incubation. Germ
tubes have parallel walls.
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Candida albicans is the only Candida species that will from
chlamydoconidia in corn meal agar. The chlamydoconidia are
the larger, thicker-walled, spherical cells that have formed on
the tips of hyphae. Small budding yeast cells are also observed
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In addition to the germ tube and chlamydoconidia formation
carbohydrate assimilation and/or fermentation are alsouseful to identify Candida and other yeast species. This is the
API 20C identification kit. In this example those cups in which
the three lines are not clear mean positive reaction for that
particular carbohydrate.
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Auxanograma is an assimilation test for carbohydrates. In this
example, the yeast strain has been spread on the surface.
Each disc contains the carbohydrate under investigation.
Growth around the disks will results in pH and color change,
(red) meaning that a particular carbohydrate has been used.
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This is a case of Candida glabrata in theplacenta. This PAS section shows small
2-3 μm budding yeast cells (arrow).
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This is an enlargement of the latter slide
showing a section of a placenta. Note the
many budding yeast cells
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Culture plate with Candida glabrata
from the placenta case. Note the typical
yeast colonies.
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Microscopic features of C. glabrata from
culture plates (lactophenol blue). Note the
small budding yeast cells.
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This API 20C kit shows the assimilation
of glucose and trehalose a feature of C.
glabrata (arrows).
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This is a Gram stain from a sputum
showing hyphae and arthrospores of
Geotrichum candidum an opportunistic
pathogen
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This is the colony of G. candidum from
the sputum sample. The colony is flat
membranous or mealy-surfaced, waxy,
and white to cream in color.
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Microscopic slide of Geotrichum candidum
from a culture plate. Note the presence
of septate hyaline hyphae, and arthroconidia
Arthroconidia
Hyphae
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Skin lesions from a case of disseminated
cryptococcosis.
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An X-ray of the lung showing a
nonhomogenous mass in the upper right
lung due to Cryptococcus neoformans
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A 50% India ink preparation of spinal
fluid shows encapsulated yeast cells
of C. neoformans. This pathogen is the
only known encapsulated fungus
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Cryptococcus neoformans has a special tropism forthe central nervous system. This a H&E section of
human brain showing yeast cells surrounded by
capsules.
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Colonies of Cryptococcus neoformans
at 24 or 37oC are mucoid, slimy, and
cream to brown in color.
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When C. neoformans
is incubated on birdsee agar, the yeast
assimilates creatinine,
resulting in the colonybecoming brown in
color on the medium.
In contrast , Candida albicans remains white
in color in this medium
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Spinal fluid sample in 50% India ink. Notethe healthy capsule developed by this
opportunistic fungus. The presence of this
capsule is pathognomonic of cryptococcosis.
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The sexual stage of C. neoformans is
Filobasidiella neoformans and it istaxonomically closer to the basidiomycetes
(mushrooms ). The arrows point to the
formation of basidiospores.
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Brain showing a case of systemic
zygomycosis. Note the necrotic areas
affected by Mucor sp.
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Histopathological section (PAS) of the
brain showing aseptate broad hyphae
typical of the zygomycetes.
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Another case of zygomycosis showing
large aseptate broad hyphae.
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Example of mycotic abortion of a calf
due to species of Mucor.
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A typical colony of the zygomycete
Rhizopus sp. The colony takes all the
petri dish and have a cottony-like
appearance.
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The microphotograph shows the
rhizoids (arrow) typical of the genus
Rhizopus. The sporangia is at the top
of the figure (blue arrow)
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These sporangia are typical of the species
Mucor. One sporangium has not released
its endospores (arrow).
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This is Rhizomucor spp a zygomycete that
can cause systemic infections in immun-