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Page 1: n = 6 males

n = 6 males

Page 2: n = 6 males

no trick

subjects apprised of drink type just before scan

is this different from Urban?

Is it different from Yoder?

Page 3: n = 6 males

how consistent is the “typical alcohol curve?”

what can be done to control it?

Page 4: n = 6 males

compare to Urban who got 12% change in BP in VS in 11 males.

Page 5: n = 6 males

n = 11 males; 10 females, analyzed separately

Page 6: n = 6 males

design issues:

no baseline – what happens if DA goes DOWN with placebo – is this still a valid comparison? a valid interpretation?

how do we know they got to steady state? is that necessary for their analysis?

why might DA go down with ‘placebo’

drink is 3 drinks-worth; forced drinking in 5-10 minutes? aversive?

differences are masked by vodka smell – will this induce negative reward-prediction error?

Page 7: n = 6 males

DA release related to frequency of max-drinking day? what does this mean?

do men differ from women because they are demographically different?

Page 8: n = 6 males
Page 9: n = 6 males

blinded?

expectations?

order effects?

(need sham scan)

Page 10: n = 6 males

cue (visual and OLFACTORY)

n = 8 males

Page 11: n = 6 males

bolus study

order effects? why? can it be avoided?

not self admin

is iv alcohol like drinking? look at behavioral self reports

Page 12: n = 6 males
Page 13: n = 6 males

Conclusions- I• Data conform to

observations of dopaminergic function in reward prediction.

• Dopamine’s coding of expectation may be relevant to alcoholism (see Lapish, Seaman, & Chandler, 2006. ACER).

No CS

CS

CS

unexpectedreward

predictedreward

absence of predicted reward

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Page 14: n = 6 males

is the Yoder design really analogous to the Schulz experiment in monkeys? Don’t we need prior conditioning? What is the author’s answer to this?**

would like to know if anyone’s BP went wrong way (DA down) in Urban study – if so, it would agree with Yoder.

BAC in Boileau study did not correlate with BP

(agrees with Urban -- claimed it didn’t correlate with)

**Yoder et al: probably claim that prior drinking exposure IS conditioning. So when they see and hear alcohol cues – they expect to get reward.

Consider figure 3. Subjects said: “It was clear I was about to get drunk.”

Page 15: n = 6 males

Yoder: SHAS and AUDIT scores NOT correlated with BP

Boileau: SHAS scores did not correlate with BP

impulsiveness predicted BP change in VS


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