Napoleon Napoleon BonaparteBonaparte
1769-18211769-1821
Rise through the ranksRise through the ranks
Military schoolMilitary school 1796 Directory 1796 Directory
appointed appointed command of command of French ArmyFrench Army Liberator of Liberator of
Northern ItalyNorthern Italy Most popular Most popular
general in Europegeneral in Europe
Italian CampaignItalian Campaign
17961796 Directory wanted to defeat AustriaDirectory wanted to defeat Austria Napoleon to create a diversionNapoleon to create a diversion Destroyed the Austrian rear guardDestroyed the Austrian rear guard Often led the way himselfOften led the way himself
Courage made him a legendCourage made him a legend April 1797 truce was signedApril 1797 truce was signed
Egypt CampaignEgypt Campaign
May 19, 1798May 19, 1798 Napoleon’s army stranded due to naval Napoleon’s army stranded due to naval
loss to British loss to British Cairo- “forty centuries look down upon Cairo- “forty centuries look down upon
us”us” Courageous soldiers no match for European Courageous soldiers no match for European
weaponryweaponry Revolutionized EgyptRevolutionized Egypt Most popular General in FranceMost popular General in France
Seizes powerSeizes power
17991799 Directory lost it’s Directory lost it’s
confidence of confidence of peoplepeople
November 9November 9thth, the , the Directory ended in Directory ended in a Coupa Coup
First council of First council of French RepublicFrench Republic Actually really a Actually really a
dictatordictator
Napoleon as EmperorNapoleon as Emperor
Elected leader?Elected leader? PlebiscitePlebiscite 1800 Gave all 1800 Gave all
real power to real power to NapoleonNapoleon
11stst Council for Council for life in 1802life in 1802
1804 Emperor 1804 Emperor (Dec. 2)(Dec. 2)
Economic AchievementEconomic Achievement
Collected taxes effectivelyCollected taxes effectively
National BankNational Bank
Commercial and military RoadsCommercial and military Roads
Balance BudgetBalance Budget
Economic orderEconomic order
Strengthened AgricultureStrengthened Agriculture Build up manufacturingBuild up manufacturing Stimulate CommerceStimulate Commerce Slowed inflationSlowed inflation National BankNational Bank Urban Poor able to eatUrban Poor able to eat
Social OrderSocial Order
Émigrés returned to FranceÉmigrés returned to France
Promotion based on merit not Promotion based on merit not nobilitynobility Bourgeoisie pleasedBourgeoisie pleased
Imperial UniversityImperial University Education for all (Lycees)Education for all (Lycees)
Religious OrderReligious Order
ConcordatConcordat 1801 1801 ““Faith of the great majority of Faith of the great majority of
Frenchmen”Frenchmen”
Free worshipFree worship
Catholics favored but not dominantCatholics favored but not dominant
Legal OrderLegal Order
Napoleonic Code 1801-1804Napoleonic Code 1801-1804 Equality of All before lawEquality of All before law Individuals to choose professionIndividuals to choose profession Equality of PunishmentEquality of Punishment Torture abolishedTorture abolished Abolished the Three EstatesAbolished the Three Estates Censor newspaperCensor newspaper Slavery restored in coloniesSlavery restored in colonies Napoleon exempt from LawsNapoleon exempt from Laws
Journal EntryJournal Entry
Based upon what we learned about Based upon what we learned about Napoleon’s reforms for France, do Napoleon’s reforms for France, do you think he was good or bad for you think he was good or bad for France? How did he treat the ideas France? How did he treat the ideas from the Revolution? Did he move from the Revolution? Did he move France forward in social and political France forward in social and political progress, or did he move them a step progress, or did he move them a step back?back?
Battles of NapoleonBattles of Napoleon
Conquered many countriesConquered many countries Took over part of Italy, set up gov’t in Took over part of Italy, set up gov’t in
SwitzerlandSwitzerland Britain set up third CoalitionBritain set up third Coalition
Russia, Austria, Sweden, Prussia, BritainRussia, Austria, Sweden, Prussia, Britain
Napoleon not fazedNapoleon not fazed Tactics:Tactics:
Rapid offensives supported by heavy barrages of Rapid offensives supported by heavy barrages of artilleryartillery
Large# troops concentrated in key battle Large# troops concentrated in key battle positions. Living off the landpositions. Living off the land
Battle of the UlmBattle of the Ulm
October 1805October 1805
Invading Invading Austrian Austrian EmpireEmpire
50,000 50,000 Austrians Austrians forced to forced to surrendersurrender
Battle of AusterlitzBattle of Austerlitz
December 1805December 1805 73,000 French defeated 87,000 Russians 73,000 French defeated 87,000 Russians
and Austriansand Austrians 20,000 prisoners, 15,000 dead20,000 prisoners, 15,000 dead
Austria forced to make peaceAustria forced to make peace
Battle of JenaBattle of Jena
October 1086October 1086 Against PrussiaAgainst Prussia Devastating victoryDevastating victory
Killing or wounding 27,000, 18,000 prisonersKilling or wounding 27,000, 18,000 prisoners French Troops occupied BerlinFrench Troops occupied Berlin
Began to March EastBegan to March East
Battle of FreidlandBattle of Freidland
June 1807June 1807 Against the Russians, Against the Russians,
Czar Alexander ICzar Alexander I Divide EuropeDivide Europe
France could France could dominate as far east dominate as far east as Polandas Poland
Russia could attack Russia could attack the Ottoman Empirethe Ottoman Empire
Treaty of TilsitTreaty of Tilsit
Battle of TrafalgarBattle of Trafalgar
October 1805October 1805 Only major battle Napoleon lost up until this Only major battle Napoleon lost up until this
timetime Southern coast of SpainSouthern coast of Spain
33 ships destroyed by 27 British 33 ships destroyed by 27 British Crushed Napoleon’s plans to invade BritainCrushed Napoleon’s plans to invade Britain
Haratio NelsonHaratio Nelson Napoleon did not consider this decisiveNapoleon did not consider this decisive
Napoleon’s StrongholdNapoleon’s Stronghold
Napoleon built greatest European Napoleon built greatest European empire since Romeempire since Rome
Map p. 666Map p. 666 Either annexed, controlled most of Either annexed, controlled most of
EuropeEurope The rest were attached through treatiesThe rest were attached through treaties
The vast empire lasted only 5 yearsThe vast empire lasted only 5 years
Continental systemContinental system
Cut off trade with BritainCut off trade with Britain 1807- Blockade of British Ships 1807- Blockade of British Ships
Not very successfulNot very successful 1807- British placed blockade around 1807- British placed blockade around
closed portsclosed ports War of 1812War of 1812
U.S. ships stopped and caused WarU.S. ships stopped and caused War
Napoleon’s DownfallNapoleon’s Downfall
Continental SystemContinental System
Problems in SpainProblems in Spain
Invasion of RussiaInvasion of Russia
FailuresFailures
Hurt FranceHurt France French need for cotton, sugar, raw French need for cotton, sugar, raw
materialsmaterials Lack of Naval PowerLack of Naval Power Need for British goods on the Need for British goods on the
continentcontinent
Problems in SpainProblems in Spain Guerilla warfareGuerilla warfare
1808 Spain rejected Joseph as King1808 Spain rejected Joseph as King ““little war”little war” Lost 300,000 men in this conflictsLost 300,000 men in this conflicts Peninsular WarPeninsular War Fatally weakened French armyFatally weakened French army
Russian ProblemsRussian Problems
Alliance with Alexander breaking upAlliance with Alexander breaking up
Blockade hurting RussiaBlockade hurting Russia 1810- France annexed N. German states1810- France annexed N. German states 1812- Alexander restored Poland1812- Alexander restored Poland
Invasion of RussiaInvasion of Russia
June 1812June 1812 450,000-600,000 men to 450,000-600,000 men to
invade Russiainvade Russia Czar Alexander did not Czar Alexander did not
fight and continued to fight and continued to retreatretreat
Scorched-earth policyScorched-earth policy French troops and army French troops and army
could not survivecould not survive Czar burned down MoscowCzar burned down Moscow Peace never camePeace never came RetreatRetreat
The Defeat of NapoleonThe Defeat of Napoleon
October 1813 LeipzigOctober 1813 Leipzig Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria, Britain, Russia, Prussia, Austria,
Sweden joined in Grand AllianceSweden joined in Grand Alliance Napoleon lost and army was cut in Napoleon lost and army was cut in
pieces pieces March 1814 armies marched in ParisMarch 1814 armies marched in Paris Napoleon was defeated and Exiled to Napoleon was defeated and Exiled to
ElbaElba
100 Days100 Days
March 1March 1stst 1815 1815 Landed in FranceLanded in France Within Days was emperor againWithin Days was emperor again Grand Alliance reformedGrand Alliance reformed British Army prepared near WaterlooBritish Army prepared near Waterloo
100 Days cont..100 Days cont..
Battle of WaterlooBattle of Waterloo June 18, 1815June 18, 1815
British held groundBritish held ground Reinforced by Prussian Reinforced by Prussian
troopstroops French troops were French troops were
exhausted and exhausted and defeateddefeated
Napoleon exiled and Napoleon exiled and sent to south sent to south AtlanticAtlantic
LegacyLegacy
””Such work as mine is not done twice Such work as mine is not done twice in a century. I have saved the in a century. I have saved the Revolution as it lay dying. I have Revolution as it lay dying. I have cleansed it of its crimes and have cleansed it of its crimes and have held it up to the people shining with held it up to the people shining with fame. I have inspired France and fame. I have inspired France and Europe with new ideas that will never Europe with new ideas that will never be forgotten.”be forgotten.”
Journal EntryJournal Entry
What do you think about this quote? What do you think about this quote? Was Napoleon someone special in Was Napoleon someone special in history? Can you think of anyone history? Can you think of anyone before or after him that did anything before or after him that did anything similar?similar?