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Presented to the National

Advisory Panel on Marine

Protected Areas Standards

March 3, 2018

Ottawa, Ontario

National Wildlife Areas &

Migratory Bird Sanctuaries

Page 2 – March-8-18

Contents

• Mandate of Environment & Climate Change Canada

• History, evolution and role of the network

• Migratory Bird Sanctuaries

• National Wildlife Areas

• Marie Sanctuaries & Wildlife Areas

• Establishment Process

• Regulations and Prohibitions

• Working Together with Indigenous Peoples

• Budget 2018

• Case Study: Ninginganiq

• Case Study: Scott Islands marine National Wildlife Area

Page 3 – March-8-18

Mandate

• Protected Areas established in Key Biodiversity Areas

Spiny Softshell Turtle

Long Point National Wildlife Area (ON)

Snow Geese

Cap Tourmente National Wildlife Area (QC)

Bighorn Sheep

Vaseux-Bighorn National Wildlife Area (BC)

Species at Risk Migratory Birds Other Wildlife

Page 4 – March-8-18

2. A Brief History

Page 5 – March-8-18

Wildlife & Habitat Conservation

Page 6 – March-8-18

Expanding Regulatory Tools

Blackburnian Warbler

Chris Kolacz

Page 7 – March-8-18

IUCN Protected Areas Categories

Page 8 – March-8-18

Migratory Bird Sanctuaries

• 1887 - Last Mountain Lake

(SK) established to

protected “wild fowl”.

• 1925 – Betchouane (QC)

established to protect eider

ducks.

• 1939 – Big Glace Bay (NS)

established to protect black

ducks and Canada Geese.

Page 9 – March-8-18

Protecting habitat with Sanctuaries

• 1961 – Queen Maud Gulf

(NU) one of the largest

protected areas in

Canada (62,928km2)

• 1961 – Bylot Island (NU)

established for habitat.

• 1965 – Banks Island (NU)

established to protect

geese habitat (now park

of Aulavik National Park)

Page 10 – March-8-18

National Wildlife Areas

• 1985 – Polar Bear Pass

(NU) 2,636km2.

• 1995 – Portobello Creek

(NB) 22km2.

• 2003 – Canadian Forces

Base Suffield (AB) 458km2.

• 2010 – Akpait, Ninginganiq,

and Qaqulluit (NU)

Page 11 – March-8-18

Authorities in Sanctuaries

The Canada Wildlife Act has become the primary habitat

conservation tool of Environment and Climate Change Canada

Western Sandpipers (Tom Middleton) Horned Lark Nest (Olaf Jensen) Franck Lake (Garry Donaldson)

Page 12 – March-8-18

Legislative Authorities

Limit of the Territorial Sea

Exclusive Economic Zone

Here be Dragons

Page 13 – March-8-18

Selection Criteria

• Supports 1% of the Canadian

population of a species

• Supports an appreciable assemblage

of migratory birds or species at risk

• Marine or terrestrial critical habitat

• Rare or unusual wildlife habitat

• High potential for restoration

Page 14 – March-8-18

Establishment Process

• Site identification

• Feasibility assessment

• Securement

• Designation

Page 15 – March-8-18

Department of Environment Act

• Preservation and

enhancement of the

quality of the natural

environment.

• Coordinate policies

and programs. Pelicans at Last Mountain Lake MBS © Chris Somers

Page 16 – March-8-18

Canada Wildlife Act

• Encourage public

cooperation in wildlife

conservation.

• Initiate conferences

• Wildlife research

• Advisory committees

• Wildlife policy & programs

• Establish agreements CFB Suffield NWA © Olaf Jensen

Page 17 – March-8-18

Canada Wildlife Act

The CWA was amended in

1994 to clarify that the

Governor in Council can

establish protected marine

areas in any area of the sea

that forms part of the internal

waters, territorial seas or

exclusive economic zone of

Canada.

Page 18 – March-8-18

Canada Wildlife Act

• public lands means lands belonging to Her Majesty in right of Canada

and lands that the Government of Canada has power to dispose of …

and includes

– (a) any waters on or flowing through the lands and the natural resources

of the lands, and

– (b) the internal waters and the territorial sea of Canada

Page 19 – March-8-18

Wildlife Area Regulations Wildlife Area Regulations 3(1) No person shall, in any wildlife area

(a) Hunt or fish;

(b) Be in in possession of any firearm, slingshot, bow and arrow, shot other than

non-toxic shot or any instrument that could be used for the purpose of hunting

(b.1) be in possession of, while fishing, any lead sinkers or lead jigs that weigh

less than 50 grams,

(c) have in his possession any animal, carcass, nest, egg or a part of any of those

things,

(d) damage, destroy or remove a plant,

(e) carry on any agricultural activity, graze livestock or harvest any natural or

cultivated crop,

(f) allow any domestic animal to run at large,

(g) swim, picnic, camp or carry on any other recreational activity or light or

maintain a fire,

(h) operate a conveyance,

(i) destroy or molest animals or carcasses, nests or eggs thereof,

(j) remove, deface, damage or destroy any artifact, natural object, building, fence,

poster, sign or other structure,

(k) carry on any commercial or industrial activity,

(l) disturb or remove any soil, sand, gravel or other material, or

(m) dump or deposit any rubbish, waste material or substance

Spiers Lake NWA © Olaf Jensen

Page 20 – March-8-18

Conservation of Wildlife

• Activities can be authorized

in a National Wildlife Area so

long as the activity does not

interfere with the

conservation of wildlife.

Page 21 – March-8-18

Specific Marine Regulations

Page 22 – March-8-18

Guiding Principles

• Protection First

• Science First

• Complementary

• Adaptive

• Ecosystem Management

• Working with Others

Page 23 – March-8-18

Aboriginal & Treaty Rights

Canada Wildlife Act s.2(3)

Migratory Bird Convention Act s.2(2)

For greater certainty, nothing in this Act

shall be construed so as to abrogate or

derogate from any existing aboriginal or

treaty rights of the aboriginal peoples of

Canada under section 35 of the Constitution

Act, 1982.

Establishment and management of National

Wildlife Areas and Migratory Bird

Sanctuaries respect Aboriginal rights and

traditional practices

- includes access to and traditional harvest

within these areas

Migratory Bird Monitoring © Kim Jones

Page 24 – March-8-18

Protected Areas by Category

Biome IUCN Count Km2 Area Number Terr

estr

ial

Ia 37 2,910 2.8% 30.6%

Ib 17 89,290 85.1% 14.0%

II 6 11,127 10.6% 5.0%

III 19 141 0.1% 15.7%

IV 33 1,273 1.2% 27.3%

V 2 21 0.0% 1.7%

VI 7 109 0.1% 5.8%

Mari

ne

Ia 23 763 3.9% 41.8%

Ib 15 16,939 86.4% 27.3%

II 2 1,777 9.1% 3.6%

III 9 35 0.2% 16.4%

IV 5 79 0.4% 9.1%

VI 1 5 0.0% 1.8%

Page 25 – March-8-18

Budget 2018

• Historic investments totaling $1.3 billion over 5 years

• Contribute $500 million to a $1 billion Nature Fund

• Protect Species at Risk

• Expand National Wildlife Areas & Migratory Bird Sanctuaries

• Increase federal capacity to manage protected areas

• Continue implementation of the Species at Risk Act

• Establish a coordinated network of conservation areas

Page 26 – March-8-18

Ninginganiq National Wildlife Area

Bowhead Whale at Ninginganiq National Wildlife Area (ECCC-CWS)

Page 27 – March-8-18

Ninginganiq National Wildlife Area

Page 28 – March-8-18

Scott Islands National Wildlife Area

Page 29 – March-8-18

Scott Islands marine NWA

Pacific Sand Lance (Greg Jones) Common Murre (Mark Hipfner)

Tufted Puffin (ECCC-CWS)

Page 30 – March-8-18

Scott Islands Background

• 1995 – Identified as a candidate site

• 2003 – Canada commits to creating a protected area

• 2010 – Steering Committee & Advisory Group

• 2013 – Regulatory Strategy posted for consultation

• 2016 – Proposed regulations published in CG1

• 2017 – ENGO community outlines conditions

• 2018 –

Page 31 – March-8-18

Regulated Activities

• Canada Wildlife Act

– Fishing for key species

– Anchor a vessel

– Harm habitat or wildlife

– Fly over the islands

• Fisheries Act

– Bottom trawling

– Gill-netting

• Other Measures

– Oil and gas moratorium

– Oceans Protection Plan

Tufted Puffin (Philip Witt)

Page 32 – March-8-18

Scott Islands as a Protected Area

Condition Response

Operational Budget Budget 2018 proposes funding

Minimum Standards National Advisory Panel

Boundary Adjustment Not required based on current science

Science Advice Existing and proposed

Relinquish Oil & Gas Moratorium in place

Shipping & Transportation Oceans Protections Plan

Fisheries Mitigation Research & Mitigation is ongoing

Eradicate Predators Budget 2018 (and ongoing)

Management Plan To be drafted following establishment

Page 33 – March-8-18

Scott Islands as a Protected Area

• Protected Area

– Clearly defined

– Geographical space

– Recognized

– Dedicated

– Managed

– Legal or effective means

– To achieve

– Long term

– Conservation of Nature

Category “VI”

Protected area with sustainable use

of natural resources: Areas which

conserve ecosystems, together with

associated cultural values and

traditional natural resource

management systems.

Page 34 – March-8-18

Concluding Remarks

• ECCC uses and applies the IUCN Protected Areas Categories

Guidelines and the associated IUCN Guidance on Applying the

Protected Areas Categories to Marine Protected Areas.

• National Wildlife Areas and Migratory Bird Sanctuaries play an

important role in marine conservation, and are an important tool in

broader marine protected area networks.


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