Nationalism
And
Imperialism
NationalismUnification of Germany:
• Led by Prussia
• Otto von Bismarck – Prime Minister under Wilhelm I– Policy of Realpolitik:
• Tough power politics - no idealism
• Issues not decided by resolutions, but by “blood and iron”
• Allowed him to expand Prussia & achieve dominance
NationalismUnification of Italy:• Led by Sardinia• Camillo di Cavour – Prime
Minister under Victor Emmanuel II– Worked to expand
Sardinian Empire– Succeeded through war,
alliances, & help of nationalist rebels
– Unified Italy in process
Germany & Italy - Similarities
• Leaders were aristocrats
• Nations united by nationalism
• One state led unification
Forces of ImperialismMotives:
• Economic competition for markets & raw materials
• National pride
• Racism– “White Man’s Burden”
• Missionaries' desire to Christianize & “civilize” non-European peoples
• Superior weapons
• Railroads, cables, steamships
• Quinine (drug) to protect from malaria
Forces of ImperialismTechnological Advantages over Africa:
• Africans’ great diversity of languages and cultures
• Ethnic rivalries
• Lower level of technology, including weapons
Forces of ImperialismFactors Making Africa Vulnerable:
Division of AfricaBerlin Conference of 1884 & 1885:
• Agreement among 14 European nations about how to divide Africa among European countries
• Outcomes:– Random distribution of African ethnic &
linguistic groups among European nations
– Transformation of the way of life of Africans
“From Cairo to Cape Town”
French Control of IndochinaHow Brought Under Control:
• Missionaries were killed
• French army invaded Vietnam
• Combined it with Laos and Cambodia
• Direct control– French themselves filled all important
positions in gov’t
French Control of IndochinaMethod of Control:
• Discouraged local industry
• Rice became major export crop
French Control of IndochinaEconomic Policies:
• Imposed French culture
• All schools, courts, & businesses followed French models
• ↓ of local industries
• Less food for peasants
French Control of IndochinaColonial Impact:
Effects of ImperialismColonization:
• Europeans control land and people in areas of Africa, Asia, and Latin America
• Europeans control trade in the colonies and set up dependent cash-crop economies
Effects of ImperialismColonial Economics:
• Christianity is spread to Africa, India, and Asia
Effects of ImperialismChristianization: