Na#onally Appropriate Mi#ga#on Ac#ons (NAMAs) for upscaling climate-‐smart
agriculture prac#ces
Armine Avagyan, Kaisa Kar/unen, Caroline De Vit and Janie Rioux
Food and Agriculture Organiza?on of the United Na?ons (FAO)
Montpellier March 16-‐18, 2015
Outline
1. Concept of Na?onally Appropriate Mi?ga?on Ac?ons (NAMAs) 2. Step by step development of NAMAs in agriculture and land use sectors 3. Financing, tools and stakeholders 4. FAO online learning tool on NAMAs in agriculture 5. Conclusions
Background on NAMAs NAMAs concept was first introduced in 2007 in UNFCCC’s Bali Ac?on Plan,
“ […] Na(onally appropriate mi(ga(on ac(ons by developing country Par(es in the context of sustainable development, supported and enabled by technology, financing and capacity building, in a measurable, reportable and verifiable manner.”
(Decision 1/CP.13, paragraph 1 (b) (ii))
Since 2010, developing countries have provided informa?on on the NAMAs they intend to implement.
NAMAs key characteris#cs
In line with na#onal
sustainable development priori#es
Reduce GHG emissions
Monitorable, reportable and
verifiable
Can receive support from domes?c and/or interna?onal
sources
NAMAs
NAMAs benefits
A number of agricultural prac?ces can not only reduce or remove GHG emissions but also may: • support climate change adapta#on • increase market efficiency and trade compe##veness; • address agriculture as a driver of deforesta#on and other land use
changes; • reduce agriculture’s contribu#on to non-‐point pollu#on of water sources; • provide social benefits through improved land tenure and governance
reform; • promote access to energy in rural areas; and • foster food security.
NAMAs and CSA
GHG emission reduc#on and
removal
Income, produc#vity,
and food security
Climate change
adapta#on and resilience
NAMAs can address all pillars of CSA
Requirements for scaling-‐up and replica#on of CSA prac#ces
Replica#on & scale-‐up
Successfully implemented CSA prac#ces
Suppor#ng na#onal policies and ins#tu#onal arrangements
Financing sources
NAMAs can help scaling-‐up of tested and successful CSA prac?ces by • Suppor?ng appropriate policies and ins?tu?onal arrangements, and
• Opening access to sources of financing.
Step by step NAMA development
Iden?fy op?ons Evaluate and
priori?ze op?ons Iden?fy
stakeholders
Engage key stakeholders
Agree on responsibili?es
Iden?fy financing sources
Develop a concept note
Design NAMA
Implement Collect data for monitoring
Evaluate, report and verify
Involve all stakeholders
Fast-‐track NAMA development
reduces the number of steps needed for NAMA development; secures the alignment with sectoral and na?onal development priori?es and policies; makes it easier to deliver sustainable development benefits; and demonstrates in-‐country capacity to implement wider mi?ga?on ac?ons.
may not result in the highest possible emission reduc?ons within the sector in contrast to the in-‐depth pathway.
9
It is possible to build NAMA elements in an on-‐going agriculture development programme – fast-‐track NAMA development.
Clearly defined responsibili#es are vital
Iden?fy op?ons Evaluate and
priori?ze op?ons Iden?fy
stakeholders
Engage key stakeholders
Agree on responsibili?es
Iden?fy financing sources
Develop a concept note
Design NAMA
Implement Collect data for monitoring
Evaluate, report and verify
Involve all stakeholders
Applica#on for funding
Iden?fy op?ons Evaluate and
priori?ze op?ons Iden?fy
stakeholders
Engage key stakeholders
Agree on responsibili?es
Iden?fy financing sources
Develop a concept note
Design NAMA
Implement Collect data for monitoring
Evaluate, report and verify
Involve all stakeholders
Iden?fy financing op?ons
Apply for proposal development funds
Apply for implementa?on funds
Apply for capacity development
Applica#on for funding is possible at various steps.
Sources of financing for NAMAs in agriculture
Sources
Domes#c e.g. government budget, private sector, subsidies,
loans.
Bilateral e.g. the ICI of the German
government
Mul#lateral e.g. the NAMA Facility, the Green Climate Fund,
GEF
Unilateral NAMAs
• Financed by the host country
Supported NAMAs
• Receive interna?onal financial support
Hybrid NAMAS
• Financed by domes?c and interna?onal sources
Types of NAMAs:
preferred option by funding agencies
NAMAs also aim to enable environment private financing.
Criteria for NAMA support considered by climate finance ins#tu#ons
Source: Comstock and Davis, 2012, adapted by Wilkes et al. 2013b
• Amount of GHG reduc?ons • Transforma?onal change • Sustainable development benefits • Sustainability and replicability • MRV of GHGs and other performance metrics
Effec#veness
• NAMA descrip?on with clear boundaries and plans • Consistency with na?onal development plans • High-‐level poli?cal support and country ownership • Support from sector stakeholders • Capacity to implement
Implementa#on plan
• Budget with na?onal contribu?ons • Cataly?c impact of interna?onal finance contribu?on • Leveraging private-‐sector investment • No duplica?on with other finance sources • Risk mi?ga?on
Financing plan
Example: Low carbon coffee NAMA
Costa Rica received financing (7 mln Euro) from the NAMA Facility for ‘Low carbon coffee’ NAMA. Objec#ve: climate-‐friendly transforma?on of the en?re coffee value chain. • The aggregate emission reduc?on -‐ 1.85 million tonnes CO2eq over 20 years. • Improved standard of living for 400 000 people. Prerequisites for success in accessing financing were: • Demonstra?on of transforma?onal impacts • Full endorsement and support by the na?onal government • Significant GHG reduc?on poten?al • Improved livelihoods.
Source: h/p://www.nama-‐facility.org
Main technical barriers for implementa#on: Data availability for monitoring
Lack of ac#vity data Missing baseline data
High uncertainty in data and emissions factors
High variability of data between agencies
Incomplete data
• The ac?vity data collec?on is required for MRV systems development. • GHG measurements are necessary if the country wants to develop country-‐
specific emission factors. • To start with, the system can be constructed relying on the IPCC emission
factors. • It is possible to apply for NAMA funding in order to develop a MRV system.
Overcoming knowledge barrier -‐ New FAO’s NAMA learning tool for agriculture and land use sectors
Module 1
Climate change and agriculture
Module 2 Background on NAMAs
Module 3 Step by Step NAMA
Development
Module 4 Monitoring, repor#ng and
verifica#on (MRV)
Module 5 NAMA financing
Structure of the tool
To overcome knowledge barrier FAO develops NAMA tool for agriculture and land use which aims to help agriculture sector stakeholders get started with NAMA iden?fica?on and planning. Format Web-‐based detailed guidance, Available for individual learning online in May 2015.
FAO’s support for NAMA development Knowledge and policy support
Publica#ons: • Na?onal planning for GHG mi?ga?on in agriculture -‐ A guidance document • Na?onal integrated mi?ga?on planning in agriculture: A review paper Webinars, workshops and online community of prac#ce: • Gekng ready for the Na?onally Appropriate Mi?ga?on Ac?ons in Agriculture • Online community of prac?ce for people involved in NAMAs in the agriculture
sector Tools: • GHG monitoring and scenarios comparison: FAO EX-‐ACT tool • Land use change monitoring: FAO Collect Earth • Data development: FAOSTAT
Alterna#ve mechanism for scaling-‐up Na#onal adapta#on plans (NAPs)
Currently, FAO’s aims to • Develop agriculture specific roadmap for NAPs • Strengthen Ministries of Agriculture as key stakeholder in the NAPs process • Establish baseline on adapta#on • Conduct advocacy, capacity building and knowledge sharing on NAPs • Iden?fy climate finance for adapta#on ac#on FAO and FAO/UNDP NAPs Global Programme 2015-‐2018 Target Countries: Kenya, Malawi, Nepal, Philippines, Thailand, Uganda, Uruguay, Vietnam, Zambia Dedicated finance: US$ 13 M
For further details contact: [email protected] [email protected]
In 2010 during COP 16 of the UNFCCC was established a process to enable least developed countries and later developing countries to formulate and implement NAPs for medium-‐ and long-‐term adapta#on needs.
Conclusions
• Funds available for NAMAs can be used for scaling-‐up CSA prac?ces.
• NAMA development requires engagement of all stakeholders.
• Coopera?on between academia, research ins?tutes and policy makers is essen?al.
• Researchers can provide data and evidence for scaling-‐up CSA prac?ces.
Thank you for your agen#on
More informa#on at: www.fao.org/climatechange/micca Contact: [email protected] [email protected]