1860-1914
Modern World History: Nations and Empires1
Nations and Empires
What is nationalism?
Modern World History: Nations and Empires2
Nationalism is a ____________of
strong pride in your _______, or
country.
We call it _________in America.
People are patriotic when they fly
the ________.
We tend to think patriotism is a
_______ feeling. That is not
always true in the past.
Nationalism really began with the….
French Revolution
Modern World History: Nations and Empires3
1. Most French were
_______ of what they
did. They overthrew
their king and formed a
________ government
2. The French
people had freed
themselves of cruel
_______ and
wanted to see their
revolution spread to
countries that still
had strong kings.
3. When the French went to war with Austria,
________, and _______, their pride in their
nation became stronger.
Marseillaise
Two types of nationalism
Modern World History: Nations and Empires4
1. Civic nationalism. Some countries, such _____
and the ________, felt proud of their countries’
democratic and open principles (their
nationalism appeals to everyone).
2. Ethnic nationalism. In some countries, like
Germany, Italy, and _______ , nationalists felt a
bond of “blood,” a conviction that they had a `_
culture, history, or language that make them
unique and better than others; these countries
were less democratic (the nationalism appeals
only to certain people).
Serb nationalists
confront US soldiers in
2008.
Nationalism became stronger in
Europe after 1860
Modern World History: Nations and Empires5
Nationalists in Italy and ___________ started
wars to bring together tiny territories into a
unified country.
These new ________-states were proud of
their strength.
Governments encouraged nationalism so that
people would want to join the ____________.
The flipside of nationalism was negative
attitudes toward some other countries (and
minorities within their borders).
Modern World History: Nations and Empires6
Germany
Nationalism in
Germany and Italy
simplified the map
in parts of Europe.
What is imperialism?
Modern World History: Nations and Empires7
Imperialism is related to
the word empire.
Imperialists feel that their
nation should __________
another country’s land.
Imperialism is the
feeling__ that “my
________ is better than
yours.”
Britain had the largest
empire in history. Other
countries wanted their own
empires….
2 Symbols
of Britain’s
empire
Similarities between nationalism and
imperialism
• Nationalists and imperialists both wanted to __________ their countries by taking more ________.
• After nationalists ran out of room to expand in Europe, they competed for land (___________) in other countries.
• Nationalists and imperialists felt r_______________ superiority to the countries they wanted to conquer.Modern World History: Nations and Empires8
The continent most influenced by
imperialism was AFRICA___
Modern World History: Nations and Empires9
In 1870, 10% of Africa
was controlled by
Europe.
By 1914, more than
90% was controlled by
EUROPE.
France came into
conflict with
ENGLAND.
GERMANY_ came into
conflict with both
France and England.
Britain’s Empire was the biggest.
Modern World History: Nations and Empires10
Britain controlled…
one quarter of the
earth.
…an entire continent
(AUSTRALIA)
…a huge Asian
country (INDIA_)
…Egypt and the Suez
CANAL__.
America’s biggest
neighbor (CANADA_)
Germany wanted an empire as
strong as Britain’s empire
Modern World History: Nations and Empires11
Germany got little land in Africa compared to Britain and France, so Germany built a navy to assert itself.
Germany’s navy worried Britain, so Britain increased the size of its navy.
Click for the
Deutschlandlied (German
national anthem)
French Empire
Modern World History: Nations and Empires12
France lost power in Europe
because of the rise of
_________. It wanted empires
to make up for this loss.
France did not want to be left
out of the ___________for
Africa.
France remembered the great
days of the French
_________________, 100 years
earlier.
When Britain began to take over
________ Africa, France built
an empire in ___________
Even Italy wanted an empire
Modern World History: Nations and Empires13
As ____________ and _____________became strong countries, Italy wanted to show the world by creating a strong empires too.
Italy wanted a land empire in Africa as strong as the ________ Empire 2,000 years ago!
In 1911, Italy took Libya from the Ottoman Empire. This was the first war in which bombs were dropped (by Italy) on people from airplanes.
Italy’s
Empire in
1914Compare the size
of Italy to its
empire in Africa
Belgium’s slave empire
Modern World History: Nations and Empires14
King __________ II personally bought the Congo (1/6 of Africa) to grow ___________. Rubber was needed in factories for automobile___________.
He used millions of Africans as slaves and cut off their _______if they did not work hard enough.
________ took over the empire from Leopold in 1908
Belgian Congo
King Leopold had his own empire; he produced
rubber to sell to tire makers
Modern World History: Nations and Empires15
Austria’s
empire was
different
Modern World History: Nations and Empires16
• Austria was an
empire____________
Europe.
• It consisted of different
nations ___________ its
borders (called
__________________)
• These nationalities included
• __________________
• __________________
• Poles
• Czechs
• In Austria’s parliament,
11 different languages
were spoken, and there
were no
__________________!!
Austria was weakened by its nationalities
Modern World History: Nations and Empires17
• Some nationalities in
Austria were friends with
Austria’s enemies!
Especially the ______.
• Some nationalities just
wanted their own
governments and to
_______ themselves.
• Nationalities in Southeast
Europe fought violent wars
with each other in 1912-
1913.
• Four small countries want to
take over land as the
Ottoman Empire lost its
power.
• World War One resulted
because of conflicts
among nations in the
Why did European countries want
empires?
Modern World History: Nations and Empires18
1. __________ reasons
CONTROL OF
RESOURCES.
Leopold II of Belgium
wanted rubber in the
Congo, for example.
TRADE. Britain
wanted to buy
___________ from
India and wanted to
sell opium (drugs) to
China.
African miners dig gold in South Africa.
Modern World History: Nations and Empires19
2. ___________ reasons
Countries felt they would be left behind if they did not create their own empire.
Control of strategic (very important) places such as the _________ Canal (Britain needed the canal for its trade in Asia)
Why did European countries want
empires?
Everyone wanted a
piece of the globe.
Why did European countries want
empires?
Modern World History: Nations and Empires20
3._________________REASONS
European people took land because they felt ___________________ to (better than) non-European people. They emphasized differences of Color (black vs. white)LanguageReligion
Racism: Some Europeans thought they were ________________________ (PHYSICALLY) better than Africans and Asians, too
What was the result of imperialism
(1): Within colonies
Positives Negatives
Modern World History: Nations and Empires21
1. Railroads
2. Hospitals
3. Industry
4. Improved education
5. Modern
communications
1. Removal of local _________
2. ________________spread everywhere. Europeans believed they were ________________to land and resources.
3. ______________broke out among the countries of Europe as they fought each other for ____________ and
What was the result of imperialism
(2): Conflict between empires
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Conflicts between
empires
Russia vs. Japan
Russia vs. Britain
(India, Persia)
Britain vs. France
(Africa)
Germany vs. Britain
(over navy)
Etc.
New, deadlier
technology was
developed for fighting
wars
Machine guns
Accurate guns
Submarines
Wireless
communication
Airplanes
Dirigibles (Zeppelins)
Trucks…
Summary
How new nations were formed in Europe, 1850-
1914: Italy, Germany, and the Balkans
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Italy
With French
help, Italy was
formed…
• By unifying
small states
on Italian
peninsula in a
series of
_______
• By taking
lands held by
___________Modern World History: Nations and Empires24
Germany
Under Prussian
leadership, Germany
was unified in several
_______
As a result, Germany
was created from
lands taken from
• Denmark
• Austria
• _________
Modern World History: Nations and Empires25
France never quite got over its
loss of land in 1871.
Balkan nations: First step
• Throughout the 1800s,
the Ottoman Empire
got ____________
• Nationalities fought
wars to take land from
the Ottomans to create
new ___________:
• ________
• Plus Bulgaria,
Romania, Albania,
and Greece
Modern World History: Nations and Empires26
Balkan nations: Second step –
Serbian expansion
Of these new nations,
SERBIA
1. tried to expand its
lands by taking parts
of Bulgaria and
Albania
2. Serbia also wanted to
unite Serbs living in
____________ and
used well-organized
terror to attack the
Austrian empire.
Modern World History: Nations and Empires27
Russia supported Serbia in its
conflicts with Austria.
World War 1 Started in the
Balkans1. France was still upset
about loss of land in
1871
2. Russia and Austria
competed for control of
the Balkans
3. Russia supported
________________
national struggle
against Austria. This
led to conflict involving
_________ (on
Austria’s side) and
France and England
(on Russia’s side).
Modern World History: Nations and Empires28