NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
The Safe Use of the Existing Natural Gas System for Hydrogen
(Overview of the NATURALHY-Project)
by
Onno Florisson, Gasunie, NL
Presented by Barbara Lowesmith, Loughborough University, UK
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Main Political Drivers towards H2 Economy
Improved security of energy supply
Reduced CO2-emissions (Kyoto, >8% reduction by 2010)
Improved air quality
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
The transition to the hydrogen-economy will be lengthy, costly and
will require significant R&D
PRACTICAL STRATEGY
Transition to H2 Economy
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Natural gas system could support transition by:
Offering smooth transition by initially conveying a hydrogen/natural gas mixture
Advancing use of H2 in shorter time-frame by extracting hydrogen from the mixture
Lowering costs by using the existing system
Providing opportunity to carry H2 to dispersed users through widespread natural gas system
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
The NaturalHy Approach
Full H2 area
H2
Natural gas
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Impact of Adding H2 to Natural Gas System
Presence of hydrogen may affect: Safety of transmission, distribution, and
end-use Pipeline durability and integrity Gas appliance performance
Hence….The NaturalHy Project
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
NaturalHy Project Objective
Preparing for the hydrogen economy by defining the conditions under which the existing natural gas system can be used
for mixtures of hydrogen and natural gas, and where hydrogen can be separated
from the mixture downstream by membranes
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
The NaturalHy Project
39 European partners, including 15 from the gas business
Integrated Project within FP6 Budget of €17.3 million with €11
million grant from EC Started 1 May 2004 for 5 years
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Project Partners Gas companies and gas research institutes
financed by gas companies BP Gaz de France Gasunie Shell Hydrogen Statoil Total Transco
DBI DGC DEPA GERG IFP IGDAS ISQ Naturgas Midt-
Mord
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Project Partners (Cont’d) Universities and Institutes
Technical University Berlin National Technical University of Athens Leeds University Loughborough University Högskolan i Borås TUBITAK University of Warwick Ecole Nationale d’ingenieur de Metz Norwegian University of Science and
Technology NEN COGEN ECN HSE TNO CEA PLANET
Manufacturers and Consultants CSM CMI TOG GE/PII CETH SAVIKO Exergia SQS
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Project Structure Divided into six technical work packages Production of H2 not included Hydrogen use not included Key focus on:
Socio-economic and life cycle analysis Durability and Integrity of pipelines Impact on overall safety Effect on existing gas appliances Membranes to withdraw hydrogen Decision tool to aid assessment of system
suitability
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Safety Performance
Integrity Standards and norms
Full H2 area
H2-production
Natural gas production
Socio-economic &
LCA
Dissemination (in cooperation with HYSAFE)
H2-MembranesDurability
Collaboration with HYWAYS (roadmap development)
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Major Focus on Safety Safety of Appliances
Flame instability? Pipeline System Durability
Hydrogen induced cracks? Will smaller defects lead to failure? Are plastic pipes permeable for hydrogen? Are meter seals permeable?
Pipeline Integrity Will smaller defects be significant? Can defects be detected and repaired?
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Major Focus on Safety
Safety of the Public Increase in leakage due to hydrogen? Increased likelihood of accidental release
due to detrimental effect of hydrogen on materials?
Increased likelihood of ignition? Increased severity of consequences (eg
explosions) due to reactivity of hydrogen?
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Durability of Pipelines (HYSAFE Paper by Alliat and Heerings)
Laboratory tests to assess effect of H2 on fracture toughness and fatigue crack growth
Investigation of the effect of H2 on the evolution of defects
Full scale fatigue and burst tests with defined defects
Numerical modelling of crack propagation
Laboratory tests on polymer permeability and ageing
Tests to assess effect of hydrogen on meter components
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Integrity of Pipelines (HYSAFE Paper by Alliat and Heerings)
Assess minimum critical defect size by predicting the crack growth behaviour in presence of hydrogen
Assess current inspection techniques for detecting minimum defect size and improve the techniques
Assess current repair techniques for use in presence of hydrogen and improve as required
Develop integrity management tool for specifying pipeline inspection and maintenance plans
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Assessing Public Safety Safety of existing gas infrastructure
quantified by considering: RISK = Likelihood of untoward Event x
Consequences
Individual Risk is the sum of risk of all possible events that could affect a given individual
Societal Risk is the sum of risk of all possible events over the entire population
Regulators use established guidelines on the acceptable level of Societal Risk
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661Objectives of Safety Work
Package To assess the change in Individual and Societal Risk caused by introducing hydrogen into the gas infrastructure
Identify if any risk reduction measures or operational changes are required to achieve acceptable risk levels
Identify the maximum ‘safe’ percentage of hydrogen that can be introduced into the existing natural gas infrastructure
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661Scope of Safety Work
Package Determine turbulent burning velocity of hydrogen/natural gas mixtures
Assess leakage and the likelihood of failure
Assess the ignition probability
Assess the consequences of accidental natural gas/hydrogen releases Gas accumulation, fires and explosions
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661Scope of Safety Work
Package
Modify the Risk Assessment Methodology
Apply Risk Assessment to sections of gas infrastructure assuming a hydrogen/natural gas mixture is being conveyed
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Large Scale Experiments Required to assess consequences of gas
releases. Experiments with up to 50% hydrogen to study: Gas release and explosions in
domestic environment and industrial enclosures
Vapour Cloud Explosions in congested regions
High pressure jet fires Pipeline failures
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Summary
The NaturalHy Project aims to facilitate a transition to the hydrogen economy on a shorter timeframe by providing a transitional period based on using the existing gas infra-structure to convey a natural gas/hydrogen mixture
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Summary The project will assess the feasibility of
using the system for NG/H2 mixtures, establish the limits of operation and methods for extracting hydrogen
A strong emphasis is placed on the continued integrity of the pipeline system and the safety of the public
NATURALHY is an Integrated Project funded by the European Commission’s Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) for research, technological development and demonstration (RTD)
Preparing for the Hydrogen Economy by Using the Existing Natural Gas System as a CatalystProject Contract No.: SES6/CT/2004/502661
Want to Know More? See our web-site on www.naturalhy.net