Naveed Iqbal Akhter Solar Ltd
Photovoltaic Technology.
How PV help in energy crisis
ENERGY USE Worldwide Energy Consumption 1980-2030
Where does our energy come from?Share of total Primary Energy Supply in 2010
10,376 Mtoe IEA Energy Statistics
35.6%
41.6%
Increasing percentage of Total World Energy used for Electricity Generation
Quadrillion BTU
Electricity is
becoming more
important
Focus on
ElectricityWorld Electricity Generation by
Fuel
Focus on ElectricitySources of Electricity
in Pakistan
Sector wise distribution of Electricity
Focus on Electricity
Electricity Deficiency chart
Supply and Demand of Electricity in Pakistan
Core Issues of Electricity in Pakistan
•45% Population without Electricity
•Demand and Supply Gap
•Expensive Sources of Electricity
Expensive Installation
Expensive Distribution
Ultimate Solution
Standalone Solar Home System
PV Power Plants
• Generate enough electricity to provide 15000 Homes
• Revenue stream commences from 7th month of start of project
•Commercially Feasible at tariff of 18cent/KWh or 15 cent/KWh at an increment of 2% per annum for 20 years
• Required Loan at soft interest rate of 2%
• Land Cost should be very nominal
•Capital investment required:- 35 M US $ for 10 MW capacity
Net Metering
• Incentive for consumer investment in PV generation system
•Low Cost easy administered
• Required arrangement with local electricity provider instead of state
• Feed in tariff required to announce.
•Net metering is connection of small renewable energy generating system to Grid
19
Thermal 64.4%
Hydro 33%
Nuclear 2.3%
Coal 0.3%
Current 2010
Revised Plan 2030
Primary Energy Mix
The FutureIs Bright
Example of cost recovery on an installation amortised over 25 years.
Assumes an increase in fossil fuel costs of 5% pa.
PV generatedper kwh
Fossil generated
per kwh
Solar Energy
How much is available?The sun’s rays provide enough energy to supply 10,000 timesthe TOTAL energy requirementof mankind.
So, how do we harness it?• Solar
Thermal• Photovoltaic
The ULTIMATE source.
Photovoltaic Possible materials to make PV cells
• CiGs Copper Indium Gallium Diselenide
• Polymers
• CdTe Cadmium Telluride
• Silicon Amorphous Thin Film
Mono crystalline Multi crystalline
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Other Am. Silicon Ribbon/SheetCrystalline
Mono Crystalline Multi Crystalline
Solar power market share by technology
The Chain
Metallurgical
Grade Silicon
Electronic Grade Chunks
Ingot
Bars
Wafers
Modules
“Sand”
Strings
Cells
Market SizeBy 2010, there is realistic
potential for $30bn in solar power system sales
Production Cost Improvements
Thinner wafers mean greater efficiency in price
AND performance
Cost Breakdown Produced in Low labour cost
area
10.5%
2.6%8.9%
78%
(Labour cost $2/hour)
Cost BreakdownProduced in High labour cost
area
9%
12%
10%
71%
(Labour cost $10/hour)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Price TrendEstimate of global average solar module
prices
US$/watt
Future Developments
• Improved crystallisation processes for high quality, low-cost silicon wafers
• Advanced silicon solar cell device structures and manufacturing processes
• Technology transfer of high efficiency solar cell processes from the laboratory to high volume production
• Reduction of the silicon wafer thickness to reduce the consumption of silicon
• Stable, high efficiency thin-film cells to reduce semiconductor materials costs
• Novel organic and polymer solar cells with potentially low manufacturing cost
• Solar concentrator systems using lenses or mirrors to focus the sunlight onto small-area, high-efficiency solar cells
•R&D is focused on increasing conversion efficiency and reducing cell manufacturing cost, to reduce electricity generation cost.
Naveed IqbalAkhter Solar Ltd
Thank you