NDMP FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND
GOVERNANCE OPTIONS
1.
o
o
o
o
o
Instructive <-> Consultative <-> Cooperative <-> Advisory <-> Informative
1.
2.
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4.
Figure 3: SWOT analysis and policy barriers to applying management at the NDMP
level49
Strengths Weaknesses
Strong partnership potential
IFCA research projects
Fisher involvement in NDMP
IFCA involvement in NDMP and
replicable model
Local Authority support and
leadership
NGO support
Clear boundaries
Clear membership
Diverse stakeholders
NDMP boundaries (IFCA to 6nM
and MMO 6-12nM)
Key stocks are mainly quota stocks,
and these cannot be managed
locally.
MMO data is not granular or
accurate enough for local decision
making
Ecological and management
boundaries do not match
Unclear whether co-management
appropriate at NDMP scale.
Participation through NDMP is
community based
No established property rights
(TURFs, ITQs etc.)
Sense of local ownership
Accountability via IFCA and Local
Authority
Conflict management mechanism
Enforcement of management rules
Engagement with fishermen
Linking conservation to added
marketability of fish (added value
not increased catches)
Bylaws, restrictive fishing (IFCA –
inside 6nm)
Long term funding not confirmed
and insufficient (reliant on NGO
input)
Vessels from outside NDMP fish
the area and are not involved in
the project
Defra budget impacts of austerity
Vague ambition statement to test
‘Natural capital approach’ – i.e.
lack of clear objectives
National fisheries policy / National
MPA policy and legislation outside
of NDMP control.
Financial implications of restricted
fishing on fishermen
Resource for enforcement (IFCA
and MMO)
Evidence gathering methodology
for stock assessment (ICES)
Displacement of fishing activity
National MPA management
The location of CEFAS on east
coast.
Reducing the efficiency of
fishermen or effort
Confidence of habitat mapping
Under 10m reporting (or lack of)
Evidence of landing/exploitation
particularly under 10m
Opportunities Threats
Community quota pool trials
Joining the Coastal PO
Brexit (quota shares increase for
UK)
Capacity building especially
regarding how research is used in
fisheries management decisions
Adaptive co-management for the
NDMP
Quota re-allocation
State of stocks in the Bristol
Channel
Brexit (quota shares do not
increase for UK)
Overcapacity on the shellfish fleet
Limiting spatial access to other
fleets and vessels from other ports
Continued austerity impacts on
Local Authorities
Lacking enforcement (budget)
Shellfish (lobster and crab FIPs)
NDMP representative to D&SIFCA
quarterly
NDMP representative on
D&SIFCA
Shared knowledge creation
through the IFCA
Feeding information and research
into national research institutes
Fisheries research and
management plans (the
management of which species is
useful at Bristol Channel level)
Outreach and education (e.g.
guerrilla geographer)
IVMS on under 10m fleet
Perception that NDMP given
preferential treatment (funding,
research, IFCA time) from other
stakeholders within the D&SIFCA
district.
Public perception of mud vs
fishermen
Link between local and national
policy
Saltmarsh and coastal squeeze
Distrust and fatigue (meeting /
survey requests) of fishermen.
No. THEME POTENTIAL RESEARCH
1 Whelks
Multifaceted research into whelk fishery, and a review of current pressures associated with
differing jurisdiction between the 6 and 12 nautical mile limit.
Monitoring of changes in the whelk fishery, landings and localised populations in response to
incrementally increasing MLS in the IFCA region.
2 Potting
(crab and lobster)
Research into the potential for no potting area designations and monitoring of any voluntary
agreements.
Develop better data collection for data limited stocks. Link this data with current spatial and
habitat data to understand interrelatedness.
Trial potential methods to achieve effective potting management at a local scale.
Gather data on recreational activity as well as larger commercial vessels coming into the
Pioneer area.
Historical re-stocking with hatchery juveniles have occurred in the region and could be
explored following findings of local levels of lobster abundance.
3
Spiny Lobster
A regional assessment into the comeback of a spiny lobster population: where, why and how.
Recovery of spiny lobster populations would further increase the occurrence of species of
interest to divers and snorkelers, as well of commercial interest being a high value species.
Investigate the socioeconomic worth of a stable population of spiny lobsters to marine users
such as recreational divers.
4
Technology
(iVMS)
Introduce iVMS systems on all under 10 m vessels. Availability of data from iVMS would
enable not only more up-to-date information on inshore fishing effort, with greater spatial
accuracy, but also with the added benefit of being more readily integrated with VMS data
from the industrial fleet and data already collected through fishermap
5
Markets/Lack
of access
Assess potential routes to local markets and investigate brand identities.
Identify what port infrastructure is lacking.
Investigate the potential for a smokery in Clovelly.
6
MPAs
Identifying habitat extents outside MPAs that enhance ecological connectivity and support
key species and stocks that would benefit site level management approaches to sustain the
development of ES and maintain NC
7
Essential Fish
Habitat work
Development of research projects (PhD) that further our understanding of the essential fish
habitats present in Pioneer area (Important spawning grounds, estuarine rearing sites)
8
Recreational
fisheries of North
Devon
Identify number of recreational fishermen within the region and gain insight into landings,
target species and gear type.
Use participatory mapping to identify key hotspots of fishing pressure
Identify essential fish habitat for target recreational species
9 Spurdog
management
Identify essential fish habitat for spurdog (spawning, breeding) and develop management
measures to boost stocks to a stable level.
Gather data from recreational fishermen who target spurdog as well as data coming from
Cornwall who have be granted dispensations.
Get fishermen part of the FSP involved in the avoidance scheme.
Explore technology that detracts certain species (e.g. specifically designed lights for nets) -
potential trial?
1 NEF (2017) Who gets to fish? The allocation of fishing opportunities in EU Member States
https://neweconomics.org/uploads/files/Carpenter-Kleinjans-Who-gets-to-fish-16.03.pdf 2 Cox, Arnold, and Villamayor Tomás (2010). A review of design principles for community-based
natural resource management. Ecology and Society 15 (4): 38.
http://www.ecologyandsociety.org/vol15/iss4/art38/ 3 NEF (2017) Who gets to fish? The allocation of fishing opportunities in EU Member States
https://neweconomics.org/uploads/files/Carpenter-Kleinjans-Who-gets-to-fish-16.03.pdf 4 NEF (2017) Who gets to fish? The allocation of fishing opportunities in EU Member States
https://neweconomics.org/uploads/files/Carpenter-Kleinjans-Who-gets-to-fish-16.03.pdf 5 Defra https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/department-for-environment-food-and-rural-
affairs-single-departmental-plan/department-for-environment-food-and-rural-affairs-single-
departmental-plan-may-2018 6 MACAA (2009) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/23/contents 7 MMO
https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/71
0460/fisheries_management.pdf8 MACAA (2009) https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2009/23/contents 9 Select Committee on Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Written Evidence. Memorandum
submitted by the Association of Sea Fisheries Committees of England and Wales (W11)
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmenvfru/122/122we07.htm 10 Select Committee on Environment, Food and Rural Affairs Written Evidence. Memorandum
submitted by the Association of Sea Fisheries Committees of England and Wales (W11)
https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200405/cmselect/cmenvfru/122/122we07.htm 11 Anderson et al (2018) How commercial fishing effort is managed. Fish and Fisheries
https://doi.org/10.1111/faf.12339 12 NOAA https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/national/habitat-conservation/essential-fish-habitat 13 NEF (2017) Who gets to fish? The allocation of fishing opportunities in EU Member States
https://neweconomics.org/uploads/files/Carpenter-Kleinjans-Who-gets-to-fish-16.03.pdf 14 NDMP https://www.northdevonbiosphere.org.uk/map.html 15 Leach, Mearns & Scoones (1999) Environmental Entitlements: Dynamics and Institutions in
Community-Based Natural Resource Management, World Development, Vol. 27, No. 2., pp. 225-247,
Institute of Development Studies (IDS), Brighton, UK. Pergamon, Elsevier Science Ltd.
16 Berkes (2009) Evolution of co-management: Role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations
and social learning. Journal of Environmental Management 90, 1692–1702
http://forestpolicypub.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/berkes_2009_adaptive-co-management.pdf 17 Sen and Nielsen (1996) Fisheries co-management: a comparative analysis. Marine Policy, Vol. 20,
No. 5, pp. 405-418. 18 Wamukota et al (2012) Co-management of coral reef fisheries: a critical evaluation of the literature.
Marine Policy 19 Cinner et al (2012) Transitions toward co-management: the process of marine resource management
devolution in three east African countries. Elsevier 20 Maliao, Pomeroy, Turingan (2009) Performance of community-based coastal resource management
(CBCRM) programs in the Philippines: a meta-analysis - Marine Policy. 21 Guidetti and Claudet (2010) Comanagement practices enhance fisheries in marine protected areas
- Conservation Biology, Wiley Online Library 22 Yandle (2003) The challenge of building successful stakeholder organizations: New Zealand's
experience in developing a fisheries co-management regime - Marine Policy, Elsevier 23 Castro and Nielsen (2001). Indigenous people and co-management: implications for conflict
management. Environmental Science and Policy 4, 229–239
24 Nadasdy (2003). Reevaluating the co-management success story. Arctic 56,
367–380. 25 Kaplan and McCay (2004) Cooperative research, co-management and the social dimension of
fisheries science and management Marine Policy 28 ; 257–258.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Bonnie_Mccay/publication/46487857_Cooperative_research_co-
management_and_the_social_dimension_of_fisheries_science_and_management/links/59dfae83aca27
2386b629eaa/Cooperative-research-co-management-and-the-social-dimension-of-fisheries-science-
and-management.pdf 26 Pomeroy, McConney & Mahon (2003) Comparative Analysis of Coastal Resource Co-Management
in the Caribbean, CCA (Caribbean Conservation Association) in association with CERMES (Centre for
Resource Management and Environmental Studies) & MRAG (Marine Resources Assessment Group
Ltd.)
27 Evans (2011) Assessing the impact of fisheries co-management interventions in developing
countries: A meta-analysis Journal of Environmental Management 1-12 28 Yandle (2003) The challenge of building successful stakeholder organizations: New Zealand's
experience in developing a fisheries co-management regime - Marine Policy, Elsevier 29 Berkes (2009) Evolution of co-management: Role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations
and social learning. Journal of Environmental Management 90, 1692–1702
http://forestpolicypub.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/berkes_2009_adaptive-co-management.pdf 30 Berkes (2009) Evolution of co-management: Role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations
and social learning. Journal of Environmental Management 90, 1692–1702
http://forestpolicypub.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/berkes_2009_adaptive-co-management.pdf 31 Jentoft (2005) Fisheries co-management as empowerment. Marine Policy 29; 1–7
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Svein_Jentoft2/publication/257162940_Fisheries_co-
management_as_empowerment/links/5be7dfe1a6fdcc3a8dcd8c60/Fisheries-co-management-as-
empowerment.pdf 32 Sen and Nielsen (1996) Fisheries co-management: a comparative analysis. Marine Policy, Vol. 20,
dNo. 5, pp. 405-418. 33 Sen and Nielsen (1996) Fisheries co-management: a comparative analysis. Marine Policy, Vol. 20,
No. 5, pp. 405-418. 34 Pomeroy et al. (2001) Conditions affecting the success of fisheries co-management: lessons from
AsiaMarine Policy 25 ; 197–208
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Ingvild_Harkes/publication/42761985_Fisheries_Co-
Management_Key_Conditions_and_Principles_Drawn_from_Asian_Experiences/links/0a85e53c509ec
eac4d000000/Fisheries-Co-Management-Key-Conditions-and-Principles-Drawn-from-Asian-
Experiences.pdf 35 WWF UKSEAS https://ukseasproject.org.uk/sustainable-finance 36 NDMP https://www.northdevonbiosphere.org.uk/who-we-are.html 37 NDMP https://www.northdevonbiosphere.org.uk/marinepioneer.html 38 NDMP https://www.northdevonbiosphere.org.uk/what-we-do.html 39 Berkes (2009) Evolution of co-management: Role of knowledge generation, bridging organizations
and social learning. Journal of Environmental Management 90, 1692–1702
http://forestpolicypub.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/berkes_2009_adaptive-co-management.pdf 40 SWEEP https://sweep.ac.uk/ 41 https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/marine-pioneer/marine-pioneer-achievements 42 Armitage et al (2008) Adaptive co-management for social– ecological complexity. Frontiers in
Ecology and the Environment doi:10.1890/070089 http://www.ucipfg.com/Repositorio/MGAP/MGAP-
10/SEMANA4/Comanejo_Adaptativo_FrontierEcology_2008.pdf 43 Armitage et al (2008) Adaptive co-management for social– ecological complexity. Frontiers in
Ecology and the Environment doi:10.1890/070089 http://www.ucipfg.com/Repositorio/MGAP/MGAP-
10/SEMANA4/Comanejo_Adaptativo_FrontierEcology_2008.pdf
44 AIFCAs (2017) Opportunities for Association of Inshore Fisheries and Marine
Environment FUTURE MANAGEMENT IN ENGLAND http://www.association-
ifca.org.uk/Upload/IFCA%20future-management-Final%20.pdf 45 Symes (2002) Inshore fisheries management in England and Wales: Facing up to
the challenges of the 21st Century. English Nature research report 448.
https://www.wcl.org.uk/docs/2005/Link_Marine_Bill_WP_Inshore_Fisheries_13Sept_final.pdf 46 Symes (2002) Inshore fisheries management in England and Wales: Facing up to the challenges of
the 21st Century. English Nature research report 448.
https://www.wcl.org.uk/docs/2005/Link_Marine_Bill_WP_Inshore_Fisheries_13Sept_final.pdf 47 The byelaw making process will be slightly different for each IFCA.
48 IFCA report to Parliament on conduct and operations 2010-2014. March 2015
http://www.association-ifca.org.uk/Upload/About/ifca-review-2010-2014.pdf 49 including barriers and enablers (inside and outside the control of the NDMP Steering Group -SG) to
securing the asset-benefit relationship for wild food provided by the SG. 50 NDMP coordinator and Blue Marine Foundation 51 North Devon Marine Pioneer overview
https://www.northdevonbiosphere.org.uk/uploads/1/5/4/4/15448192/north_devon_marine_pioneer_p
roject_pid_v3_160818.docx