7 - 10 May 2012EU-Asia Biomass Best Practices and Business
Partnering Conference 2012Biorefinery - 1
Denny K. S. NG, PhD, AMIChemE
The University of Nottingham, Malaysia
Global Green Synergy Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
GGS Eco Solutions Sdn Bhd, Malaysia
New Business Opportunity for Palm Oil-based Biorefinery
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Presentation outline
• Introduction
– Oil Palm Biomass
– Palm Oil-based Biorefinery
– Biomass Value Losses
• Systematic Strategy Utilisation and Optimisation of Palm Oil-based Biorefinery
• Synthesis of Oil Palm Biomass Supply Chain
• Conclusion
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(MPOB, 2011)
Palm Oil Industry
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*Based on 83.92 million tonnes FFB proceed in 2010
Biomass available from Palm Oil Industry
% from FFB*Quantity
(106 tonnes)
Empty Fruit Brunch (EFB) 23 19.30
Mesocape Fiber 13 10.90
Palm Kernel Shell 6 5.04
Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME)
60 50.35
Palm Oil Industry
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Malaysia Palm Oil industry is producing 19 millions metric tons of empty fruit brunch (EFB) yearly.
Left as waste
Most of the times
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Most of mill owners send EFB to landfill.
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Types of oil palm biomass
Mesocarp
Palm Kernel Cake Palm Kernel Shell
POME
Empty Fruit Bunch
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Palm Oil-based Biorefinery
• Processing facility that transform oil palm biomassinto any value-added products.
– Biofuels
– Biomaterials
– Specialty chemicals
– Pharmaceuticals
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• First generation– Direct heat & power generation via biomass boiler
– Dried Long Fiber
– Palm Briquette
– Palm Pellet
– Bio-Organic Compost
– Biogas
Footsteps of Palm Oil-based Biorefinery
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Palm Briquette
• An ideal green fuel which substitutes the conventional fossil fuels such as coal
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Palm Pellet
• Ideal Green Fuel for Power Plant• High Calorific Value • Bulk handling for Export Market
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Palm Compost
• “ Zero” Waste Discharge concept in Palm Oil Mill
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Bio-Charcoal
TorrefiedPalm Pellet
Palm BasedLiquid Fertilizer
Bio-Organic Compost
Fiber MatDried Long Fiber
Palm Briquette
Source: Global Green Synergy
Palm Pellet
Palm Kernel Shell
Products of Palm Oil-based Biorefinery
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Footsteps of Palm Oil-based Biorefinery
• Second generation– Biofuels (e.g., biodiesel, gasoline)
– Biochemicals (e.g., ethanol, butanols)
– High value products (e.g., fuel additives)
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Value-added products
Biodiesel Biomass Boiler Briquette
Fiber Pallet
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Palm
Oil
Biomass
Valuable
Products
NO SYSTEMATIC ANALYSIS &
OPTIMISATION TOOLS
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Objectives
� Systematic analysis for synthesis of palm oil-based
biorefinery
� Optimisation of biomass utilisation
� Minimise biomass value losses & environmental impact
� Development for sustainable manufacturing
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Optimisation Model
i = NSOURCE
Source
j = 1
j = 2
j = 3
j = NPROCESS
Process
/ Sink
p = 1
p = 2
p = 3
p = NINTER
Intermediate
j = 1
j = 2
j = 3
j = NPROCESS
Process
/Sink
p' = 1
p' = 2
p' = 3
p' = NPRODUCT
i = 1
i = 2
i = 3
Product
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Objectives
Maximise
•Economic Potential
•Revenue
Minimise
•Biomass Losses
•Environmental Impact
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Optimisation Result
• Decision making
• Strategy utilisation of biomass for MAXIMUM profit and MINIMUM losess
• Sustainable manufacturing
• Promotion of palm oil industry as GREEN industry
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Objectives
• Linkage of all palm oil products in an efficient network
• Future business expansion planning
• Decision making guidelines
• For marketing / promotions on greener production
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Tools used
Mathematical Programming
(MP)
Geographical Information System
(GIS)
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Geographical Information System (GIS)
14
Map
Quantities
Impacts
Changes
…
Location
Densities
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Location of the biomass sources
Transportation and infrastructure
Potential customer & market
Stage 1 (Data Analysis)
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Stage 2 (Utilisation of Palm Oil Biomass)
site
route
production
What, How, Who, Where?
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Stage 3 (Malaysia oil palm biomass & products supply chain)
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Outcome
�Existing processes – provide the most optimum processing options
– Processing options include:
• Transportation route
• Raw material supply
• Infrastructure type…
�New business expansion – provide the optimum options for decision making
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Conclusion
• Palm oil biomass is the “BIOMASS KING” in Malaysia
• Systematic strategy utilisation and optimisation of palm oil biomass
– Reduce biomass value losses & increase profit
– Sustainable manufacturing
– Promote GREEN industry
• Biomass supply Chain
– Most optimum processing options
– New business expansion
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