37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
New electrostatic dissipative plastic materials for cleanroom
applications
Dr. Antti Helminen, R&D Manager &Mr. Peter Ristikangas, Product Group Manager
Premix Oy, Finland
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
New electrostatic dissipative plastic materials for cleanroom applications
Content:• Overview of Premix• ESD-materials; conductive vs. dissipative• Carbon alternative• ICP – Panipol• IDP polymers
– Structure– Properties– Applications
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Where you can find us?
Premix Thermoplastics Inc.
(US)
Algol ChemicalsOy
(EE, LV, LT)A. Westensee und Partner GmbH
(DE, AT)
Interpolymer AG(CH)
Paceco Ind. Supplies Pte(SG, CN, MY, ID)
Taiwan Kwang Cheng Ltd.(TW)
P.S.D.Pty Ltd(AU, NZ)
D.E.Plus Marketing(IL)
Goldaplast s.a.s.(IT)
Polymix(FR)
SMI bvba(Benelux)
Cornelius Chemicals Co.(GB, IE)
Teknisk Agentur A/S(DK)
Bröste AB(SE, NO)
Vamptech(ES)
Koehl&Borkelmans
(BE)
Flamingo Marketing Co.(IN)
Premix Oy(FI)
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Premix briefly
Premix is a leading developer, marketer and manufacturer of conductive plastics.
Our product range covers virtually the whole resistivity spectrum offering solutions from the dissipative ESD polymer compounds to highly conductive EMI-shielding materials.
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Premix product groups
• Electrically Conductive Plastics– PRESEAL® - highly conductive TPE – PRE-ELEC® EMI - highly conductive
engineering thermoplastics– PRE-ELEC® - carbon black compounds– PRE-ELEC® ESD - IDP compounds
• Marketing for – PANIPOL® - ICP compounds
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Why use plastics?• Good processability (in 3D shapes)
– Suitable for mass production• Wide range of properties available• Light weight• Low price
• Good insulative properties as such→ Conductive path by either conductive fillers or
conductive polymers is required
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Resistivity spectrum
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Why ESD protection?
• ElectroStatic Discharge• In electronics production components can
be very easily damaged• Sparks can even cause explosion• There needs to be a route for charges to
discharge in a controlled manner
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Perfect ESD material has…
• Controlled ESD properties: The material should be dissipative
• Clean: No ions, particles or gases should come off the material, abrasion resistance
• Permanent: Cleaning and washing should not affect the dissipative properties
• Stable: Humidity should not affect the performance
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
ESD materials classification1. Conductive materials:
Surface resistance (IEC 61340-2-3) 10² < Rs < 105 ΩVolume resistivity (ESD STM 11.12) ρv < 105 Ωm.
2. Dissipative materials (typical EPA-area materials):Surface resistance (IEC 61340-5-1) 106 < Rs < 109 Ω
3. Low-Charging materials (Antistatic):Surface resistance (IEC 61340-5-1) 109 < Rs < 1011 ΩStatic decay < 10 s (RH 12%) and < 2s (RH 50%)
4. ESD-Shielding materials:Discharge shielding (ESD STM 11.13) Energy E < 50 nJ
Note ! All values must pass in RH 12% and RH50%, Temp. 23°C conditions.
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Functionality of dissipative materials
• In low charging materials the functionality is more important than the resistivity value
• Static decay is the key • For static decay to occur
there needs to be proper grounding
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Carbon alternative (1/2)• Typical carbon black compounds give VR:
<104 Ω·cm, SR: <105 Ω• Dissipative Blacks with SR 106 – 109 Ω
– HDPE: PRE-ELEC® PE 1295 – PP: PRE-ELEC® PP 1395
• Permanent, no humidity dependent
• Sloughing is the mainchallenge
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Carbon alternative (2/2)
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
ICP - Panipol®• Inherently Conductive Polymers• Panipol’s polyaniline compositions• Panipol compounds
have SR of 106–109
Ω typically• Migration of additives
is the main challenge
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
IDP compounds (1/3)• SR: 108-11 Ω typically• Permanent antistatic effect• Can be colored• Transparent grades available
• Some humidity dependency (in extreme conditions)
• Leachables can be a problem in clean room environments
• More expensive than CB-compounds
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
IDP compounds (2/3)Are made of• Inherently Dissipative Polymer (block copolymer)• Salts (typically Li+, K+)• Bulk plastic (PE, PP, PS, ABS…)
• Ions are responsible for charge transfer, not the electrons in conjugated carbon double bonds
• Percolation is needed– Interpenetrating phase structures– Cocontinuous phase structures
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
IDP compounds (3/3)
Cleanliness data
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Cleanliness Property
Test Method Test Conditions
Test Results
Organics total Dynamic HeadspaceGC/MS Analysis 85°C, 3 hr <3.0 µg/cm2
Ionics - cationsLithiumSodiumAmmoniumPotassiumMagnesiumCalsium
Ion Chromatography Analysis 85°C , 1 hr
ND<0.30 µg/cm2
<0.002 µg/cm2
<0.05 µg/cm2
ND<0.003 µg/cm2
Ionics - anionsFluorideChlorideNitriteBromideNitratePhosphateSulfate
Ion Chromatography Analysis 85°C , 1 hr
<0.005 µg/cm2 <0.02 µg/cm2
NDND<0.005 µg/cm2
ND<0.01 µg/cm2
Non Volatile Residue (NVR) IPA extraction <20 µg/cm2
Silicones, phtalates FT-IR ND
ND = not detected, data for PRE-ELEC® TP 8223
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
PRE-ELEC® ESD• Carrier resins ranging from
– HDPE, LDPE, PP– HIPS– ABS (V0, transparent)– PC/ABS, PC/PBT
• SR: 108-11 Ω typically
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Co-extrusion is often the most cost-effective solution
• Dissipative / insulative / dissipative• Dissipative / conductive / dissipative• Insulative / dissipative / insulative
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
Static dissipative plastics
• Mainly for ESD controlSome other useful characteristics• Less particulate contamination due to ESA
(ElectroStatic Attraction)• Electrostatic painting• Printability…
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
New electrostatic dissipative plastic materials for cleanroom applications
Final remarks:• Electrostatic dissipative plastics are needed for ESD
protection in electronics manufacturing• CB compounds typically too conductive for this
application• PRE-ELEC® dissipative blacks• PANIPOL® DX and CX: ICP compounds• PRE-ELEC® ESD: IDP compounds• Differences in resistance level, in properties such as
color, cleanliness, and in price
37th R3 Nordic Symposium, Tampere, May 29-31, 2006
THANK YOU!