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Born in the Castle of Xavier
near Sanguesa, in Navarre, 7
April, 1506; died on the Is-
land of Sancian near the
coast of China, 2 December,
1552. In 1525, having com-pleted a preliminary course
of studies in his own coun-
try, Francis Xavier went to
Paris, where he entered the
collge de Sainte-Barbe.
Here he met the Savoyard,
Pierre Favre, and a warm
personal friendship sprang
up between them. It was at
this same college that St.
Ignatius Loyola, who was
already planning the founda-
tion of the Society of Jesus,
resided for a time as a guest
in 1529. He soon won the
confidence of the two young
men; first Favre and later
Xavier offered themselves
with him in the formation of
the Society. Four others,
Lainez, Salmern, Rodrguez,
and Bobadilla, having joined
them, the seven made thefamous vow of Montmartre,
15 Aug., 1534. After com-
pleting his studies in Paris
and filling the post of
teacher there for some time,
Xavier left the city with his
companions 15 November,
1536, and turned his steps
to Venice, where he dis-
played zeal and charity in
attending the sick in the
hospitals. On 24 June,
1537, he received Holy or-
ders with St. Ignatius. The
following year he went to
Rome, and after doing ap-
ostolic work there for some
months, during the spring
of 1539 he took part in the
conferences which St. Igna-
tius held with his compan-ions to prepare for the de-
finitive foundation of the
Society of Jesus. The order
was approved verbally 3
September, and before the
written approbation was
secured, which was not
until a year later, Xavier
was appointed, at the ear-
nest solicitation of the
John III, King of Portugal,
to evangelize the people of
the East Indies. He left
Rome 16 March, 1540, and
reached Lisbon about
June. Here he remained
nine months, giving many
admirable examples of
apostolic zeal. On 7 April,
1541, he embarked in asailing vessel for India, and
after a tedious and danger-
ous voyage landed at Goa,
6 May, 1542. The first five
months he spent in
preaching and ministering
to the sick in the hospitals.
He would go through the
streets ringing a little bell
Volume 1 i ssue 4
I N S I D E T H I S I S S U E :
St. Francis Xavier 1
Inside Story 2
Inside Story 3
Inside Story 3
Inside Story4
Inside Story 5
Inside Story 6
8
9
10
11
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SA I N T O F T H E M O N T H
ST . F R A N C I S XAV I E R
Religious Education in atholicism
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and inviting the children to
hear the word of God. When
he had gathered a number,
he would take them to a
certain church and wouldthere explain the catechism
to them. About October,
1542, he started for the
pearl fisheries of the ex-
treme southern coast of the
peninsula, desirous of re-
storing Christanity which,
although introduced years
before, had almost disap-
peared on account of the
lack of priests. He devoted
almost three years to the
work of preaching to the
people of Western India,
converting many, and reach-
ing in his journeys even the
Island of Ceylon. Many were
the difficulties and hardships
which Xavier had to encoun-
ter at this time, sometimes
on account of the cruel per-
secutions which some of thepetty kings of the country
carried on against the neo-
phytes, and again because
the Portuguese soldiers, far
from seconding the work of
the saint, retarded it by their
bad example and vicious
habits. In the spring of 1545
Xavier started for Malacca.
He laboured there for the
last months of that year, and
although he reaped an
abundant spiritual harvest,
he was not able to root outcertain abuses, and was con-
scious that many sinners
had resisted his efforts to
bring them back to God.
About January, 1546,
Xavier left Malacca and
went to Molucca Is-
lands, where the Portu-
guese had some settle-
ments, and for a year
and a half he preachedthe Gospel to the in-
habitants of Amboyna,
Ternate, Baranura, and
other lesser islands
which it has been diffi-
cult to identify. It is claimed
by some that during this ex-
pedition he landed on the
island of Mindanao, and for
this reason St. Francis Xavier
has been called the first
Apostle of the Philippines.
But although this statement
is made by some writers of
the seventeenth century,
and in the Bull of canoniza-
tion issued in 1623, it is said
that he preached the Gospel
in Mindanao, up to the pre-
sent time it has not been
proved absolutely that St.
Francis Xavier ever landed in
the Philippines. By July,1547, he was again in Ma-
lacca. Here he met a Japa-
nese called Anger (Han-Sir),
from whom he obtained
much information about
Japan. His zeal was at once
aroused by the idea of intro-
ducing Christanity into Ja-
pan, but for the time being
the affairs of the Society
demanded his presence at
Goa, whither he went,
taking Anger with him.
During the six years thatXavier had been working
among the infidels, other
Jesuit missionaries had
arrived at Goa, sent from
Europe by St. Ignatius;
moreover some who had
been born in the country
had been received into the
Society. In 1548 Xavier
sent these missionaries to
the principal centres ofIndia, where he had estab-
lished missions, so that
the work might be pre-
served and continued. He
also established a noviti-
ate and house of studies,
and having received into
the Society Father Cosme
de Torres, a spanish priest
whom he had met in the
Maluccas, he started with
him and Brother Juan
Fernndez for Japan to-
wards the end of June,
1549. The Japanese Anger,
who had been baptized at
Goa and given the name
of Pablo de Santa Fe, ac-
companied them. They
landed at the city of Kago-
shima in Japan, 15 Aug.,
1549. The entire first year
was devoted to learning
Page 2
ST . F R A N C I S XAVIER
St. Francis Xavier
has been called the
first Apostle of the
Philippines.
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Newslet ter Ti t le Page 3
Meaco, thenthe principal
city of Japan,
but he was un-
able to make
any headway
here because
of the dissen-
sions then
rending the
country. He
retraced his steps to thecentre of Japan, and dur-
ing 1551 preached in
some important cities,
forming the nucleus of
several Christian commu-
nities, which in time in-
creased with extraordi-
nary rapidity. After work-
ing about two years and a
the Japanese language andtranslating into Japanese,
with the help of Pablo de
Santa Fe, the principal arti-
cles of faith and short trea-
tises which were to be em-
ployed in preaching and
catechizing. When he was
able to express himself, Xa-
vier began preaching and
made some converts, but
these aroused the ill will ofthe bonzes, who had him
banished from the city.
Leaving Kagoshima about
August, 1550, he penetrated
to the centre of Japan, and
preached the Gospel in
some of the cities of south-
ern Japan. Towards the end
of that year he reached
half in Japan he left thismission in charge of Father
Cosme de Torres and
Brother Juan Fernndez,
and returned to Goa, arriv-
ing there at the beginning
of 1552. Here domestic
troubles awaited him. Cer-
tain disagreements be-
tween the superior who
ST . F R A N C I S XAVIER
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had been left in charge of
the missions, and the rector
of the college, had to be ad-
justed. This, however, being
arranged, Xavier turned histhoughts to China, and be-
gan to plan an expedition
there. During his stay in Ja-
pan he had heard much of
the Celestial Empire, and
though he probably had not
formed a proper estimate of
his extent and greatness, he
nevertheless understood
how wide a field it afforded
for the spread of the light ofthe Gospel. With the help of
friends he arranged a com-
mission or embassy the Sov-
ereign of China, obtained
from the Viceroy of India the
appointment of ambassa-
dor, and in April, 1552, he
left Goa. At Malacca the
party encountered difficul-
ties because the influential
Portuguese disapproved of
the expedition, but Xavier
knew how to overcome this
opposition, and in the au-
tumn he arrived in a Portu-
guese vessel at the small
island of Sancian near the
coast of China. While plan-
ning the best means for
reaching the mainland, he
was taken ill, and as the
movement of the ves-
sel seemed to aggra-
vate his condition, he
was removed to the
land, where a rude huthad been built to shel-
ter him. In these
wretched surround-
ings he breathed his
last. It is truly a matter
of wonder that one
man in the short space of
ten years (6 May, 1542 - 2
December, 1552) could
have visited so many coun-
tries, traversed so manyseas, preached the Gospel
to so many nations, and
converted so many infidels.
The incomparable apostolic
zeal which animated him,
and the stupendous mira-
cles which God wrought
through him, explain this
marvel, which has no equal
elsewhere. The list of the
principal miracles may be
found in the Bull of canoni-
zation. St. Francis Xavier is
considered the greatest
missionary since the time
of the Apostles, and the
zeal he displayed, the won-
derful miracles he per-
formed, and the great num-
ber of souls he brought to
the light of true Faith, enti-
tle him to this distinction.
He was canonized with St.
Ignatius in 1622, although
on account of the death of
Gregory XV, the Bull of can-onization was not pub-
lished until the following
year. The body of the saint
is still enshrined at Goa in
the church which formerly
belonged to the Society. In
1614 by order of Claudius
Acquaviva, General of the
Society of Jesus, the right
arm was severed at the
elbow and conveyed to
Rome, where the present
altar was erected to receive
it in the church of the GesuAstrain, Antonio. "St. Francis
Xavier." The Catholic Encyclo-
pedia. Vol. 6. New York:
Robert Appleton Company,
1909. 28 Nov. 2014
.
1 Seek *not to be like evil men, neither desire to be with them:
2 Because their mind studies robberies, and their lips speak deceits.
Page 4
ST . F R A N C I S X A V I E R
P R O V E R B O F T H E M O N T H : P R O V E R B 2 4
St. Francis Xavier is
considered the
greatest missionarysince the time of
the Apostles
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Newslet ter Ti t le
The soul aspireth after heaven: rejoicing, in the mean
time, in being in the communion of God's Church upon
the earth.
1 Unto the end, for the wine-presses, a psalm for the
sons of Core.
2 How lovely are thy tabernacles, O Lord of host!
3 my soul longeth and fainteth for the courts of the Lord.
My heart and my flesh have rejoiced in the living God.
4 For the sparrow hath found herself a house, and the
turtle a nest for herself, where she may lay her young ones: Thy altars, O Lord of hosts,
my king and my God.
5 Blessed are they that dwell in thy house, O Lord: they shall praise thee for ever and
ever.
6 Blessed is the man whose help is from thee: in his heart he hath disposed to ascend by
steps,
7 in the vale of tears, in the place which he hath set.
8 For the lawgiver shall give a blessing, they shall go from virtue to virtue: the God of
gods shall be seen in Sion.
9 O Lord, God of hosts, hear my prayer: give ear, O God of Jacob.
10 Behold, O God, our protector: and look on the face of thy Christ.
11 For better is one day in thy courts above thousands. have chosen to be an abject in
the house of my God, rather than to dwell in the tabernacles of sinners.
12 For God loveth mercy and truth: the Lord will give grace and glory.
13 He will not deprive of good things them that walk in innocence: O Lord of hosts,
blessed is the man hat trusteth in thee.
fade, but as it actually
is. Our opinions, our
senses often deceive us
and we discern very
little. What good is
much discussion of in-volved and obscure
matters when our igno-
rance of them will not
be held against us on
Judgment Day? Neglect
of things which are
profitable and neces-
sary and undue concern
The Imitation of Christ by
Thomas A'Kempis This
book can be downloaded
for free here:
http://www.ccel.org/ccel/
kempis/imitation.html.Book one: Thoughts help-
ful in the life of the soul.
Chapter 3: the doctrine of
truth
HAPPY is he to whom
truth manifests itself, not
in signs and words that
with those which are ir-
relevant and harmful, are
great folly. We have eyes
and do not see. What,
therefore, have we to do
with questions of philoso-phy? He to whom the Eter-
nal Word
Page 5
P S A L M O F T H E M O N T H : P S A L M 83
C L A S S I C CA T H O L I C L I T E R A T U R E
I M I T A T I O N O F C H R I S T B Y: T H O M A S A K E M P I S
Blessed is the man
whose help is from
thee
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speaks is free from theo-
rizing. For from this Word
are all things and of Him
all things speak
the Be-ginning Who also speaks
to us. Without this Word
no man understands or
judges aright. He to whom
it becomes everything,
who traces all things to it
and who sees all things in
it, may ease his heart and
remain at peace with God.
O God, You Who are the
truth, make me one with
You in love everlasting. I
am often wearied by the
many things I hear and
read, but in You is all that
I long for. Let the learned
be still, let all creatures be
silent before You; You
alone speak to me. The
more recollected a man is,
and the more simple ofheart he becomes, the
easier he understands
sublime things, for he re-
ceives the light of knowl-
edge from above. The
pure, simple, and stead-
fast spirit is not distracted
by many labors, for he
does them all for the
honor of God. And since he
enjoys interior peace he
seeks no selfish end in any-
thing. What, indeed, gives
more trouble and affliction
than uncontrolled desires of
the heart? A good and de-
vout man arranges in his
mind the things he has to
do, not according to the
whims of evil inclination
but according to the dic-
tates of right reason. Who
is forced to struggle more
than he who tries to mas-
ter himself? This ought to
be our purpose, then: to
conquer self, to become
stronger each day, to ad-
vance in virtue. Every per-
fection in this life has
some imperfection mixed
with it and no learning of
ours is without some dark-
ness. Humble knowledge
of self is a surer path toGod than the ardent pur-
suit of learning. Not that
learning is to be consid-
ered evil, or knowledge,
which is good in itself and
so ordained by God; but a
clean conscience and vir-
tuous life ought always to
be preferred. Many often
err and accomplish little or
nothing because they tryto become learned rather
than to live well. If men
used as much care in up-
rooting vices and implant-
ing virtues as they do in
discussing problems, there
would not be so much evil
and scandal in the world,
or such laxity in religious
organizations. On the Day
of judgment, surely, we
shall not be asked whatwe have read but what we
have done; not how well
we have spoken but how
well we have lived. Tell
me, where now are all the
masters and teachers
whom you knew so well in
life and who were famous
for their learning? Others
have already taken their
places and I know not
whether they ever think of
their predecessors. During
life they seemed to besomething; now they are
seldom remembered. How
quickly the glory of the
world passes away! If only
their lives had kept pace
with their learning, then
their study and reading
would have been worth-
while. How many there are
who perish because of vain
worldly knowledge and toolittle care for serving God.
They became vain in their
own conceits because they
chose to be great rather
than humble. He is truly
great who has great charity.
He is truly great who is little
in his own eyes and makes
nothing of the highest
honor. He is truly wise who
looks upon all earthly things
as folly that he may gain
Christ. He who does Gods
will and renounces his own
is truly very learned.
Page 6
CLASSIC CATHOLIC LITERATURE
O God, You Who are
the truth, make me
one with You in love
everlasting
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Newslet ter Ti t le
December 1st- Nahum prophet, At Rome, the holy martyrs Diodorus, priest, and Marian,
deacon, with many others, the martyrdom of the saints Lucius, Rogatus, Cassian, and
Candida. St. Ansanus, martyr, At Amelia, in Umbria, St. Olympias, ex-consul, martyr. At
Arbele, in Persia, St. Ananias, martyr. At Narni, St. Proculus, bishop and martyr, At Casale,
St. Evasius, bishop and martyr. At Milan, St. Castritian, bishop, At Brescia, St. Ursicinus,bishop. At Noyon, St. Eligius, bishop, At Verdun, St. Agericus, bishop. St. Natalia, martyr
Adrian,
December 2nd-At Rome,martyr virgin Bibiana, holy martyrs Eusebius, priest, Marcellus,
deacon, Hippolytus, Maximus, Adria, Paulina, Neon, Mary, Martana, and Aurelia, at
Rome, St. Pontian, martyr, with four others. In Africa, holy martyrs Severus, Securus,
Januarius, and Victorinus, At Aquileia, St. Chromatius, bishop and confessor. At Imola, St.
Peter Chrysologus, At Verona, St. Lupus, bishop and confessor. At Edessa, St. Nonnus,
bishop, At Troas, in Phrygia, St. Silvanus, At Brescia, St. Evasius, bishop. In Sancian, a Chi-
nese island, St. Francis Xavier.
December 3rd-St. Francis Xavier, In Judea, the holy prophet Sophonias. At Rome, the
holy martyrs Claudius, tribune, and Hilaria, his wife, with Jason and Maurus, their sons,and seventy soldiers. At Tangier, in Morocco, St. Cassian, martyr. Also, in Africa, the holy
martyrs Claudius, Crispinus, Magina, John, and Stephen. In Hungary, St. Agricola, martyr.
At Nicomedia, the Saints Ambicus, Victor and Julius. At Milan, St. Mirocles, bishop and
confessor, In England, St. Birinus, At Coire, in Switzerland, St. Lucius,At Siena, in Tuscany,
St. Galganus, hermit.
December 4th- St. Peter Chrysologus, bishop, At Nicomedia, the passion of St. Barbara,
virgin and martyr, at Constantinople, the saints Theophanes and his companions. In
Pontus, blessed Meletius, bishop and confessor, At Bologna, St. Felix, bishop, In England,
St. Osmund, bishop and confessor. At Cologne, St. Annan, bishop. In Mesopotamia, St.
Maruthas, bishop, At Parma, St. Bernard, cardinal and bishop of that city.
December 5th-At Mutala, in Cappadocia, St. Sabas, abbot, At Thebesta, in Africa, St.
Chrispina, martyr. At Thagura, in Africa, the holy martyrs Julius, Potamia, Crispinus, Felix,
Gratus, and seven others. At Nicaea, near the river Var, St. Bassus, bishop, martyr. At
Pavia, St. Dalmatius, bishop and martyr, At Pelino, in Abruzzo, St. Pelinus martyr, bishop
of Brindisi. St. Anastasius, martyr,
December 6th-At Myra, the metropolis of Lycia, St. Nicholas, bishop and confessor, In
Africa, martyrs Dionysia, Dativa, Leontia, Tertius, milian, a physician, and Boniface, with
three others, St. Majoricus, St. Polychronius, priest, At Granada, in Spain,martyr. At
Rome, St. Asella, virgin.
December 7th- At Milan,St. Ambrose, bishop and doctor of the Church, At Antioch, the
holy martyrs Polycarp and Theodore. At Tuburbum, in Africa, St. Servus, martyr, At
Teano, in Campania, St. Urban, bishop and confessor. At Saintes, in France, St. Martin,
abbot, In the diocese of Meaux, St. Fara, virgin.December 8th- The Immaculate Conception of the glorious and ever Virgin Mary,
Mother of God. At Rome, blessed Eutychian, pope, martyr. At Alexandria,St. Macarius,
martyr, At Treves, St. Eucharius, In Cyprus, the holy bishop Sophronius, In the monastery
of Luxeuil, St. Romaricus, abbot, At Constantinople, St. Patapius, solitary,At Verona, St.
Zeno, bishop.
December 9th- At Gray, in Burgundy, St. Peter Fourier, At Toledo, in Spain, holy virgin
Leocadia, a martyr, At Carthage, St. Restitutus, bishop and martyr, Also, in Africa, the
holy martyrs Peter, Successus, Bassian, Primitivus and twenty others. At Limoges, in
France, St. Valeria, virgin and martyr. At Verona, St. Proculus, bishop, At Pavia, St. Syrus,
Page 7
D E C E M B E R SA I N T S
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At Apamea, in Syria, blessed Julian, bishop, At Perigueux, in France, the holy abbot Cypria
At Nazianzus, St. Gorgonia, December 10th- At Rome, pope St. Melchiades, Saints Carpo-
phorus, priest, and Abundius, deacon, who became martyrs At Merida, in Spain, martyr-
dom of the holy virgin Eulalia, St. Julia, virgin and martyr, At Alexandria, the holy martyrs
Mennas, Hermogenes and Eugraphus, At Lentini, in Sicily, the holy martyrs Mercury and h
companions, At Ancyra, in Galatia, St. Gemellus, martyr, At Vienne, St. Sindulphus, bishop
and confessor. At Brescia, St. Deusdedit, bishop. At Loreto.
December 11th- At Rome, St. Damasus, pope and confessor, at Rome, martyrs St. Thrason
Pontian and Prsetextatus. At Amiens, the holy martyrs Victoricus and Fuscian, In Persia, St
Barsabas, martyr. In Spain, St. Eutychius, martyr. At Piacenza, St. Sabinus, At Constantin-
ople, St. Daniel the Stylite.
December 12th- At Rome, the holy martyr Synesius, At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Epim
chus and Alexander, the holy women Ammonaria, virgin, Mercuria, Dionysia, and anothe
Ammonaria, martyrs. holy martyrs Hermogenes, Donatus, and twenty-two others. At
Treves, the holy martyrs Maxentius, Constantius, Crescentius, Justinus, and their compan-
ions,December 13th- At Syracuse, in Sicily, St. Lucy, virgin and martyr, In Armenia, the martyr-
dom of the holy martyrs Eustratius, Auxentius, Eugene, Mardarius, and Orestes, At Cam-
brai, in France, St. Aubertus, bishop and confessor. In Ponthieu, St. Judocus, confessor. In
Alsace, St. Othilia, abbess. At Moulins, in France, St. Jane Frances Fremiot de Chantal,
December 14th-At Alexandria, the holy martyrs Heron, Arsenius, Isidore and Dioscorus, a
boy. At Rheims, the holy bishop Nicasius, his sister, the virgin Eutropia, and their compan
ions, martyrs, At Bergamo, St. Viator, bishop and confessor. At Pavia, St. Pompey, bishop.
At Naples, in Campania, St. Agnellus, abbot. At Ubeda, in Spain, St. John of the Cross, con-
fessor,
December 15th- The Octave of the Immaculate Conception of the Blessed Virgin Mary. St
Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli, At Rome, the holy martyrs Irenaeus, Anthony, Theodore, Sat-urninus, Victor and seventeen others, In Africa, the martyrdom of the Saints Faustinus,
Lucius, Candidus, Caelian, Mark, Januarius and Fortunatus. holy bishop Valerian, In the dio
cese of Orleans, St. Maximinus, confessor. In Georgia, beyond the Euxine sea, St. Christi-
ana,
December 16th- St. Eusebius, bishop of Vercelli and martyr, Ananias, Azarias and Misael,
At Ravenna, the holy martyrs Valentine, military officer, Concordius, his son, Navalis, and
Agricola, St. Albina, virgin and martyr, In Africa, many holy virgins, martyrs. At Vienne,
blessed Ado, bishop and confessor. At Aberdeen, in Scotland, St. Beanus, bishop. At Gaza,
in Palestine, St. Irenian, bishop.
December 17th- At Eleutheropolis, in Palestine, the holy martyrs Florian, Calanicus and
their fifty-eight companions, At Marseilles, in France, blessed Lazarus, bishop, At Rome, S
John de Matha, At Bigarden, near Brussels, St. Vivina, virgin, At Constantinople, St. Olym-piades, widow. At Andenne, at the Seven Churches, St. Begga, widow, sister of St.
Gertrude. St. Ignatius, bishop and martyr,
December 18th- At Philippi, in Macedonia,martyrs Rufus and Zosimus, At Laodicea, in Syri
the martyrdom of the Saints Theotimus and Basilian. In Africa, the holy martyrs Quinctus,
Simplicius, and others, At Tours, St. Gratian,
December 19th- At Alexandria, in Egypt, blessed Nemesius, martyr, At Nicaea, the Saints
Darius, Zosimus, Paul, and Secundus, martyrs. At Nicomedia, the holy martyrs Cyriacus,
Paulillus, Secundus, Anastasius, Sindimius, and their companions. In Mauritania (Barbary)
Page 8
DECEMB ERSAINT S
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deacons; also of Venustian, governor, with his wife and sons, At Alexandria, the holy
martyrs Mansuetus, Severus, Appian, Donatus, Honorius, and their companions. At Thes-
salonica, St. Anysia, martyr. In the same place, St. Anysius, bishop of that city. At Milan,
St. Eugene, bishop and confessor. At Ravenna, St. Liberius, bishop. At Aquila, in Abruzzo,
St. Rainerius, bishop.
December 31st- At Rome,St. Silvester, the holy martyrs Donata, Paulina, Rustica, Nomi-
nanda, Serotina, Hilaria and their companions. At Sens, the blessed Sabinian, bishop, and
Potentian,martyrs. St. Columba, virgin and martyr, At Retiers, St. Hermes, exorcist. At
Catania, in Sicily, the martyrdom of the Saints Stephen, Pontian, Attains, Fabian, Corne-
lius, Sextus, Flos, Quinctian, Minervinus and Simplician. St. Zoticus, Roman priest, At Ra-
venna, St. Parbatian, priest and confessor. St. Melania the Younger, martyrs.
omits him altogether. To addto the confusion, the order is
different. Thus Irenaeus has
Linus, Anacletus, Clement;
whereas Augustine and Op-
tatus put Clement before Ana-
cletus. On the other hand, the
"Catalogus Liberianus", the
"Carmen contra Marcionem"
and the "Liber Pontificalis", all
The second successor of St.Peter. Whether he was the
same as Cletus, who is also
called Anencletus as well as
Anacletus, has been the
subject of endless discus-
sion. Irenaeus, Eusebius,
Augustine, Optatus, use
both names indifferently as
of one person. Tertullian
Page 10
DECEMB ERSAINT S
P O P E O F T H E M O N T H :
P O P E A N A C L E T U S
Irenaeus, Eusebius,
Augustine, Optatus,
use both namesindifferently as of
one person.
Volume 1 i ssue 4
Caption describing picture orgraphic.
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Newslet ter Ti t le
most respectable for their
antiquity, make Cletus and
Anacletus distinct from each
other; while the "CatalogusFelicianus" even sets the
latter down as a Greek, the
former as a Roman. Among
the moderns, Hergenrther
(Hist. de l'glise, I 542, note)
pronounces for their iden-
tity. So also the Bollandist
De Smedt (Dissert. vii, 1).
Dllinger (Christenth. u K.,
315) declares that "they are,
without doubt, the same
person" and that "the
'Catalogue of Liberius' mer-
its little confidence before
230." Duchesne, "Origines
chretiennes", ranges himself
on that side also but Jung-
mann (Dissert. Hist. Eccl., I,
123) leaves the question in
doubt. The chronology is, of
course, in consequence of all
this, very undetermined,
but Duchesne, in his
"Origines", says "we are
far from the day whenthe years, months, and
days of the Pontifical
Catalogue can be given
with any guarantee of
exactness. But is it nec-
essary to be exact about
popes of whom we
know so little? We can
accept the list of
Irenaeus Linus, Ana-
cletus, Clement, Evaris-
tus, Alexander, Xystus,
Telesphorus, Hyginus,
Pius, and Anicetus. Ani-
cetus reigned certainly
in 154. That is all we can
say with assurance
about primitive pontifi-
cal chronology." That he
ordained a certain num-
ber of priests is nearly
all we have of positive re-
cord about him, but we
know he died a martyr, per-
haps about 91.
Campbell, T. (1907). Pope St.Anacletus. In The Catholic En-
cyclopedia. New York: Robert
Appleton Company. Retrieved
December 3, 2014 from New
Advent:
http://www.newadvent.org/ca
then/01446a.htm
Page 11
POP E OF THE MONT H
D E C E M B E R M A S S R E A D I N G S
we are far from the
day when the years,
months, and days of
the Pontifical
Catalogue can be
given with any
guarantee of
exactness.
Caption describing picture or graphic.
Mon the 1st
: Isa 2:1-5; Ps 122:1-9; Matt 8:5-11
Tue the 2nd
: Isa 11:1-10;Ps 72:1-17;Luke 10:21-24
Wed the 3rd
: (Memorial of Frances Xavier, priest.) Isa 25:6-10;Ps 23:1-6;Matt 15:29-
Thu the 4th
: (Memorial of John Damascene, priest and doctor.) Isa 26:1-6;Ps 118:1-
Fri the 5th
: Isa 29:17-24;Ps 27:1-14;Matt 9:27-31
Sat the 6th: (Optional memorial of Nicholas, bishop.) Isa 30:19-26;Ps 147:1-6;Matt
Sun the 7th
: Psalter II, Advent Week 2. (Memorial of Ambrose, bishop and doctor.)
Vigil of Solemnity of The Immaculate Conception.Isa 40:1-11;Ps 85:9-
14;2 Pet 3:8-14;Mark 1:1-8
Mon the 8th
: Solemnity of The Immaculate Conception.Gen 3:9-20;Ps 98:1-4;Eph
1:3-12;Luke 1:26-38
http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%208%3A5-11http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%208%3A5-11http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2011%3A1-10http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2011%3A1-10http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2072%3A1-17http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2072%3A1-17http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%2010%3A21-24http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%2010%3A21-24http://www.google.com/search?q=Frances%20Xavier%2C%20priest%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Frances%20Xavier%2C%20priest%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2025%3A6-10http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2025%3A6-10http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2023%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2023%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%2015%3A29-37http://www.google.com/search?q=John%20Damascene%2C%20priest%20and%20doctor%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=John%20Damascene%2C%20priest%20and%20doctor%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2026%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2026%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%20118%3A1-27http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2029%3A17-24http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2029%3A17-24http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2027%3A1-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2027%3A1-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%209%3A27-31http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%209%3A27-31http://www.google.com/search?q=Nicholas%2C%20bishop%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Nicholas%2C%20bishop%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2030%3A19-26http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2030%3A19-26http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%20147%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%20147%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%209%3A35-10%3A1-8http://www.google.com/search?q=Ambrose%2C%20bishop%20and%20doctor%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Ambrose%2C%20bishop%20and%20doctor%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=The%20Immaculate%20Conception%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=The%20Immaculate%20Conception%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2040%3A1-11http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2040%3A1-11http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2085%3A9-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2085%3A9-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2085%3A9-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=2%20Pet%203%3A8-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=2%20Pet%203%3A8-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Mark%201%3A1-8http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Mark%201%3A1-8http://www.google.com/search?q=The%20Immaculate%20Conception%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=The%20Immaculate%20Conception%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Gen%203%3A9-20http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Gen%203%3A9-20http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2098%3A1-4http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2098%3A1-4http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Eph%201%3A3-12http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Eph%201%3A3-12http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Eph%201%3A3-12http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%201%3A26-38http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%201%3A26-38http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%201%3A26-38http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Eph%201%3A3-12http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Eph%201%3A3-12http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2098%3A1-4http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Gen%203%3A9-20http://www.google.com/search?q=The%20Immaculate%20Conception%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Mark%201%3A1-8http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=2%20Pet%203%3A8-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2085%3A9-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2085%3A9-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2040%3A1-11http://www.google.com/search?q=The%20Immaculate%20Conception%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Ambrose%2C%20bishop%20and%20doctor%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%209%3A35-10%3A1-8http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%20147%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2030%3A19-26http://www.google.com/search?q=Nicholas%2C%20bishop%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%209%3A27-31http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2027%3A1-14http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2029%3A17-24http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%20118%3A1-27http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2026%3A1-6http://www.google.com/search?q=John%20Damascene%2C%20priest%20and%20doctor%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%2015%3A29-37http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2023%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2025%3A6-10http://www.google.com/search?q=Frances%20Xavier%2C%20priest%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%2010%3A21-24http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2072%3A1-17http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Isa%2011%3A1-10http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Matt%208%3A5-118/10/2019 Newsletter December 2014 Catholicismedu
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D E C E M B E R M A S S R E A D I N G S
Volume 1 i ssue 4
Tue the 9th
: Isa 40:1-11;Ps 96:1-13;Matt 18:12-14
Wed the 10th
: Isa 40:25-31;Ps 103:1-10;Matt 11:28-30
Thu the 11th
: (Optional memorial of Damasus I, pope.) Isa 41:13-20;Ps 145:1-13;Matt 11:11-15
Fri the 12th
: (Memorial of Our Lady of Guadalupe (Americas).) (Optional memorial of Jane Frances de Chan-
tal, religious.) Isa 48:17-19;Ps 1:1-6;Matt 11:16-19
Sat the 13th
: (Memorial of Lucy, virgin and martyr.) Sir 48:1-11;Ps 80:1-19;Matt 17:9-13
Sun the 14th
: Psalter III, Advent Week 3.
Gaudete Sunday. (Memorial of John of the Cross, priest and doctor.) Isa 61:1-11;Luke 1:46-54;1
Thess 5:16-24;John 1:6-28
Mon the 15th
: Num 24:1-17;Ps 25:4-9;Matt 21:23-27
Tue the 16th
: Zeph 3:1-13;Ps 34:1-23;Matt 21:28-32
Wed the 17th
: Isa 45:6-25;Ps 85:9-14;Luke 7:18-23 ,Gen 49:1-10;Ps 72:1-17;Matt 1:1-17
Thu the 18th
: Isa 54:1-10;Ps 30:1-13;Luke 7:24-30, Jer 23:5-8;Ps 72:1-19;Matt 1:18-24
Fri the 19th
: Isa 56:1-8;Ps 67:1-8;John 5:33-36, Judg 13:1-25;Ps 71:3-17;Luke 1:5-25
Sat the 20th
: Isa 7:10-14;Ps 24:1-6;Luke 1:26-38
Sun the 21st
: Psalter IV, Advent Week 4.
(Optional memorial of Peter Canisius, priest and doctor.) 2 Sam 7:1-16;Ps 89:1-29;Rom 16:25-
27;Luke 1:26-38
Mon the 22nd
: 1 Sam 1:24-28;1 Sam 2:1-8;Luke 1:46-56
Tue the 23rd
: (Optional memorial of John of Kanty, priest.) Mal 3:1-24;Ps 25:4-14;Luke 1:57-66
Wed the 24th
: Vigil of Solemnity of Christmas.2 Sam 7:1-16;Ps 89:1-29;Luke 1:67-79Vigil Readings: Isa 62:1-5;
Ps 89:4-29;Acts 13:16-25;Matt 1:1-25
Thu the 25th
: Solemnity of Christmas. Begin Christmas Octave.Midnight Mass Readings: Isa 9:1-6;Ps 96:1-13;
Titus 2:11-14;Luke 2:1-14Mass at Dawn Readings: Isa 62:11-12;Ps 97:1-12;Titus 3:4-7;Luke
2:15-20Daytime Mass Readings: Isa 52:7-10;Ps 98:1-6;Heb 1:1-6;John 1:1-18
Fri the 26th
: Feast of Stephen, first martyr.Acts 6:8-10, 7:54-59;Ps 31:3-17;Matt 10:17-22
Sat the 27th
: Feast of John, apostle and evangelist.1 John 1:1-4;Ps 97:1-12;John 20:1-8
Sun the 28th
: Psalter I, Octave of Christmas.
Feast of The Holy Family. (Feast of Holy Innocents, martyrs.) Gen 15:1-6, 21:1-3;Ps 105:1-9;Heb
11:8-19;Luke 2:22-40
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Newsletter December 2014 Catholicismedu
13/23
Newslet ter Ti t le Page 13
PA PA L E N C Y C L I C A L
C L A R A C L A R I S P R A E C L A R A
DECEMB ERMASS READINGS
Catholics a full devotion
and a heap [cumulus] of
honor is exhibited. This
Clare did her shining
[fulgida] works here markout, this Clare the pleni-
tude of Divine Light on
high does clarify, this one
to the Christian peoples
do the stupendous (works)
of her prodigies declare.
The Brilliance of St. Clare
2. O Clare, endowed in a
manifold manner with ti-
tles of clarity! Before thy
conversion (thou were)indeed clear, in thy con-
version clearer, in thy
comportment in the clois-
ter [in claustrali conversa-
tione] outstandingly clear,
and after having run down
the space of thy present
life thou has begun to
shine as most clear! By
this Clare a clear mirror of
example goes forth to thisgeneration [saeculo]; by
this one the lily of virginity
is offered among the
heavenly amenities; by
this one throughout the
lands [in terris] are the
manifest remedies of in-
terventions
[subventionum] sensed. O
clarity of blessed Clare to
be admired, which as
much as it is sought more
studiously through individ-
ual examples [per singula],so much more splendid is
it found among individual
examples [in singulis]! This
one gleamed [emicuit], I
say, in the world [saeculo],
in Religion she outshone
[praefulsit]; in her house
she enlightened [illuxit] as
a ray, in the cloister she
flashed [pcoruscavit] as
lightning. She gleamed inlife, after death she irradi-
ates; she was clear on
Earth, in the sky she
shines back [relucet]! O
how great the vehemence
of the light [lumen] of this
one and how vehement
the illumination of this
clarity of hers! This light
[lux], indeed, remained
enclosed in secret clois-
ters, and outside
Clara claris praeclara
The Bull of Pope Alexander
IV, Bishop servant of the ser-
vants of God
ON THE CANONIZATION OFST. CLARE OF ASSISI
Co-Foundress of the Poor
Clares
Agnani: Sept. 26. 1255 A.D.
[Alexander, Bishop, Servant
of the servants of God,] To
Our venerable brothers, the
Archbishops and Bishops
established throughout the
Kingdom of France, [health
and apostolic benediction]:CLARE OUTSTANDINGLY
CLEAR WITH CLEARmerits,1
in Heaven with the clarity of
great glory, and on Earth
with the splendor of sublime
miracles, is clearly clear.
Here this Clare's strict and
high Religion2twinkles
[coruscat], above the great-
ness of this one's eternal
reward radiates, this one's
virtue by magnificent signs,
begins to shine [illucescit]
upon mortals. To this Clare
there was entitled here the
Privilege of most high pov-
erty;3to this one there is
repaid in the highest an in-
estimable abundance of
treasures; to this one by
To this Clare there
was entitled here
the Privilege of
most high poverty
I N S I D E S T O R Y H E A D -
L I N E
Mon the 29th
: (Optional memorial of Thomas Becket, bishop and martyr.) 1 John 2:3-
11;Ps 96:1-6;Luke 2:22-35
Tue the 30th
: 1 John 2:12-17;Ps 96:7-10;Luke 2:36-40
Wed the 31st
: (Optional memorial of Sylvester I, pope.) Vigil of Solemnity of Mary,
Mother of God.1 John 2:18-21;Ps 96:1-13;John 1:1-18
http://www.google.com/search?q=Thomas%20Becket%2C%20bishop%20and%20martyr%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Thomas%20Becket%2C%20bishop%20and%20martyr%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A3-11http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A3-11http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A3-11http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%202%3A22-35http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%202%3A22-35http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A12-17http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A12-17http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A7-10http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A7-10http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%202%3A36-40http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%202%3A36-40http://www.google.com/search?q=Sylvester%20I%2C%20pope%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Sylvester%20I%2C%20pope%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Mary%2C%20Mother%20of%20God%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Mary%2C%20Mother%20of%20God%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Mary%2C%20Mother%20of%20God%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A18-21http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A18-21http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A1-13http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A1-13http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=John%201%3A1-18http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=John%201%3A1-18http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=John%201%3A1-18http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A1-13http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A18-21http://www.google.com/search?q=Mary%2C%20Mother%20of%20God%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Mary%2C%20Mother%20of%20God%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://www.google.com/search?q=Sylvester%20I%2C%20pope%20site%3Anewadvent.orghttp://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%202%3A36-40http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A7-10http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A12-17http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Luke%202%3A22-35http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=Ps%2096%3A1-6http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A3-11http://bible.oremus.org/?semico=yes&version=nrsvae&passage=1%20John%202%3A3-11http://www.google.com/search?q=Thomas%20Becket%2C%20bishop%20and%20martyr%20site%3Anewadvent.org8/10/2019 Newsletter December 2014 Catholicismedu
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1Here the Latinpraeclarasigni-
fies clear before all others, or in
other words outstandingly
clear, which translation will be
followed throughout. Beingoutstandingly clear
[praeclaritas] is a mark of the
heavenly Jerusalem: cf. Ps.
47:2.2Religion, that is religious insti-
tute. This was the common
term for a religious order in the
13th Century; cf. Writings of St.
Francis.3The Privilege of most high
poverty was the permission
obtained from the Roman Pon-
tiff for the sisters of S. Damianoto live without community
property.
it emitted sparkling
[micantes] rays; it was gath-
ered together in a strict con-
vent [arcto coenobio], and it
was sprinkled upon the en-
tire age [in amplo saeculo];
it was guarded within, and it
flowed forth outside. For
indeed, Clare lay hidden, buther life lay open; Clare was
silent, but her fame shouted
out; she was concealed in
her cell and she was known
among cities. Nor (is it) won-
derful; because a light
[lucerna] so enkindled, so
lightsome[lucens], could not
be hidden awayso as to not
shine [spenderet] and give a
clear light in the houseof
the Lord;1nor could a vessel
of so many aromatics be put
back and not fragrance and
resprinkle the Lord's man-
sion with a sweet odor. Nay,
since in the narrow recluse
of solitude this one harshly
ground down the alabaster
of her body, the whole court
[aula] of the Church
has been filled fullin
every manner with
the odorsof her sanc-
tity.2
How St. Clare for-
sook the world
3. In a healthy man-
ner, when she, while
she was still a girl in
the world, studied to leap
over this fragile and un-
clean world from a tender
age by means of a clean,
narrow path [calle], and
guarding the precioustreasure of her virginity by
a sense of shame, always
unspotted, vigilantly
stretched unto works of
clarity and piety, so much
that there came forth
from her a pleasing and
praiseworthy report
[fama] to her neighbors
and others, blessed Fran-
cis, having heard the pub-lic commendation
[praeconio] of her fame,
undertook with complete
haste [confestim] to ex-
hort her, and to induce
her to the perfect service
of Christ. Who, thereupon
adhering to his sacred
warnings, and desiring to
abdicate thoroughly
[penitus] the world with
all earthly things, and to
serve as a family member
[famulari] the Lord alone
in voluntary poverty, she
fulfilled this her fervent
desire, as soon as she
could: because at last she
distributed and converted
all her goods, as she
counted out of reverence
to Christ whatever else
she had as one thing with
herself, into almsand sub-
sidiesfor the poor.3And
when fleeing the clatter ofthe world [de saeculi
strepitu], she went down
to a certain country
[campestrem] church,4
and by blessed Francis
himself, there received
the sacred tonsure, she
processed to another
church), with her relatives
growing soft [molientibus]
to lead her back (home)from that place, she, im-
mediately embracing the
altar, and grasping her
clothes, having uncovered
the sheering [incisura] of
the hair of her head,
strongly and steadily re-
sisted the same relatives
in this. Then when she had
been brought by the same
blessed Francis to the
Page 14
C L A R A C L A R I S P R A E C L A R A
For indeed, Clare lay
hidden, but her life
lay open; Clare was
silent, but her fame
shouted out; she was
concealed in her cell
and she was known
among cities.
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Newslet ter Ti t le
church of San Damiano, out-
side the city of Assisi, where
she was born [unde traxit
originem], there the Lord forthe love and assiduous cult
of His Name gathered to her
very many associates.
St. Clare founds the Order
of St. Damiano
4. From this, indeed, distin-
guished and sacred Order of
San Damiano,1Here the editors cite Mt. 5:14-
15.2
Here the latin editors cite Mt.26:7, Jn. 13:3.3Here the latin editors cite Lk.
12:33; 18:22.4St. Mary of the Angeles of the
Portiuncula, which at that time
lay among the fields below the
city-state of Assisi.
spread far throughout the
whole globe, one takes up a
salutary exordium. She, by
the exhorting of blessed
Francis himself, gave a start,that must be followed,
[sequendum initium] to this
new and holy observance;
she of this great Religion
was the primary and stable
foundation; she of this high
work stood forth1as its
primitive stone. She of a no-
ble family, but of a more
noble comportment, con-
served in an outstanding
manner [praecipue] the vir-
ginity, which she had also
previously guarded, under
this rule of sanctimony. Af-
ter a while her mother, Hor-
tulana by name, intent on
pious works, by following
the footsteps of her own
newborn [ipsius natae], de-
voutly undertook this
Religion; in which at last
this optimum little gar-
den [hortulana], whichbrought forth such a
plant in the Lord's gar-
den, happily concluded
her days.
The Brilliance of St.
Clare as Foundress
5. But after a few years,
blessed Clare herself, hav-
ing been overcome by the
exceeding importunity of
the same St. Francis, re-ceived the government of
the monastery and the
Sisters. She, indeed, was
the talland eminent tree,2
which, having spread out
with long branches,
brought into the field of
the Church the sweet fruit
of a Religion, and to
whose delightful shade,
under3its amenity there
would run together from
all sides many nurslings of
the faith, (who) were to
offer fruit of this kind, and
do they run! She was the
clean vein of the Valley of
Spoleto, which gave a new
fountof living water4as
drink for the refection and
convenience of souls;
which, diverted now
through diverse rivulets inthe territory of the
Church, infuses the young
trees [plantaria] of Relig-
ion. She was the tall can-
delabraof sanctity vehe-
mently shining red
[rutilans] in the tabernacle
of the Lord,5to whose vast
[ingentem] splendor very
many women hastened
and do hasten, enkindling
their own lampsfrom that
light [lumine].6She as a
result [profecto] plantedand cultivated in the field
of the Faith the vine of
poverty, from which the
fatty and rich fruits of sal-
vation are gathered; she
established in the prae-
sidium of the Church a
garden of humility, in
which, having twined to-
gether those poor in a
manifold of things, there isfound a great abundance
of virtues; She in the occu-
pation [districtu] of Relig-
ion constructed
[fabricavit] a citadel of
strict7abstinence, in which
there is ministered a
broad refection of spiritual
nourishment.
The Brilliance of St.
Clare's Virtues
Page 15
CLARA CLARIS PRAECLARA
She, indeed, was
the tall and eminent
tree,which, having
spread out with
long branches,
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16/23
paths to life. For indeed
she caused herself in body
to stand on Earth, but in
spirit she was turned untothe sky; a little vessel of
humility, an armoire
[armarium] of chastity, an
ardor of charity, a sweet-
ness of benignity, an oak-
strength of patience, a
knot of peace and a com-
munion of familiarity:
meek in work, supple in
deed, and in all things lov-
able and accepted. And,
with the flesh depressed,
to convalesce in spirit
because anyone, with
their enemy debilitated, is
made the stronger she
kept [habebat] the floor
bare and brushwood for a
bed, and for a pillow un-
der her head hard wood,
and content with one tu-
nic with a mantle of vile,
despised and rough cloth.These humble garments
did she use for the cover-
ing of her body, a sharp
cilice woven from little
cords of horse hair [de
cordulis crinium equorum]
sometimes employed next
to the flesh. Strict too in
food and in drink severe
[districta], she curbed her-
self with so great an absti-
nence in
these, that
for a long
time for
three days a
week,
namely,
Monday,
Wednesday
6. She was the princess
[primiceris] of the poor, the
duchess [ducissa] of the
humble, the teacher of thecontinent, and the Abbess of
the penitent. She governed
her monastery, and the fam-
ily entrusted to her in it, so-
licitly and prudently in the
fear and service of the Lord
and in the full observance of
the Order: vigil1There the text reads extitit
[stood out], that is exstitit
[stood out].2Here the editors cite Dan. 4:8.3Here the editors cite Cant.
2:3.4Here the editors cite Ester
10:6.5Here the editors cite Hebr.
9:2.6Here the editors cite Mt. 25:7.
7Here the text reads strict
[artae] instead of strict
[arctae].
in care, in ministry studious,
in exhortation attentive;diligent in admonition, in
correction moderate, tem-
perate in precepts; in com-
passion outstanding, dis-
crete in silence, in speech
mature, and well considered
in all the things opportune
to a perfect government,
willing more to serve as a
family member [famulari]
than to rule as a lord[dominari], and to honor
than to be taken up in
honor. Her life was an edu-
cation [eruditio] and a doc-
trine to others. Inthis book
of life1all the other (sisters)
learned the rule for living; in
this mirror of life the rest (of
women learn) to inspect the
and Friday, she tasted
nearly nothing for her
body, nevertheless on the
rest of the days restrictingherself to such an extent
with a paucity of foods,
that the other (sisters) use
to wonder about her, in
what manner she could
subsist under so strong a
withdrawal [districtione].
Over and above these,
dedicated assiduously to
vigils and prayers, she ex-
pended day and night-
time chiefly in these. At
last perplexed with daily
languors, when she could
not rise by herself to cor-
poral exertion
[exercitium], she was
raised by the suffrage of
her Sisters and, having
placed supports at her
back, she worked withher
own hands,2, lest even in
her infirmities she be idle[otiosa]. Whence from
linen cloth of this her own
study and labor, she
caused very many corpo-
rals for the Sacrifice of the
Altar to be made, and to
be employed throughout
the plains and mountains
of Assisi in diverse
churches.
St. Clare's love of holyPoverty
7. But a chief
lover and
sedulous col-
umn of pov-
erty; thus did
she affix it in
her soul, thus
did she bind
Page 16
CLARA CLARIS PRAECLARA
she tasted nearly
nothing for