© Keysight Technologies 2015
Next Generation Wireless for IoT and Challenge June 2015
Philip Chang
AEO Taiwan
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
Agenda
– IoT Market and Applications Overview
– IoT Wireless Technologies and Test Challenges
– Keysight IoT Wireless Test Solutions
Keysight
Technologies 2
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
Connect Everything Everywhere All the Time
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Internet of Things (IoT) or Internet of Everything (IoE)
URBAN
MANAGEMENT
Future
Today
HEALTH
CARE
HOME
TRANSPORTATION
RETAIL
MANUFACTURING
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
4
Primary IoT/M2M Markets
Key requirements: Power efficient, Scalable, Range Extended
Smart Grid
Smart Public
-Smart Meter
-Smart
appliances
-DC distribution
-Ecosystem monitoring
-Smart objects with sensors
Wearable
Healthcare
Devices
-Smart watch
-Wearable
glasses
-Smart bands
-E-textiles
-Hearing-aid
-Health monitor
Smart
Home
-Controller
-Appliances
-Sensor & Security
-Climate control
- Lighting
-HVAC
-Audio/Video &
Cables
Building and
Industry
Automation
-Sensor network
-Smart machine
-Surveillance
camera
-Asset tracking
-Wi-Fi backhaul
Connected
Car
• V2V / V2X /V2I
communications
• eCall
• Infotainment
• GNSS
• Autonomous
vehicles
• RKE / TPMS
Wireless Connectivity
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
IoT Market Trends
– Cisco : 25B devices will be connected by 2015, and 50B by 2020
– IDC : Global IoT revenues will reach $7.1T (trillion) by 2020
– ABI : +16 B active wireless connected devices in 2014, (20% YoY growth), more than double from the current level, with 40.9 B forecasted for 2020
– Canalys : 8M (2014), 23M (2015), and 45M by 2017 of wearable device shipments
– IHS Automotive : 152M cars connected to the Internet worldwide in 2020 from 23M in 2013
– Navigant Research : 1.1B worldwide installed base of smart meters in 2020 from 313M in 2013
– Morgan Stanley : $1.3T annual savings from Self-driving car in the US, $5.6T worldwide:
– By 2020, +100M Internet connected wireless light bulbs and lamps worldwide up from 2.4M in 2013
Statistics of Market Forecast
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
Wi-Fi’s Opportunities for IoT
Internet of
things
Tablet PCs
Smartphones
Personal
computers
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• Wi-Fi will Keep fast growing
• IoT is the most growing area
• And IoT will contribute more than 50% of the shipment in 2018
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
IoT Architecture Example—Value Chain
Logical View
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• High-speed, real-time
data capture
• Supports high throughput
event rates
• Event processing query
language based on
standard SQL syntax
• Pre-integration with best-
in-class Java Embedded
platforms
Data Encryption, Device and Application Identity and Access Management
Network
Cloud
Edge Devices Gateway Devices Data Center
Value-Add
Services
Industry
Specific core
solutions and
external/custo
mer systems
Applications
CRM,
Service,
Billing
Industry Solutions,
External Systems
• Big data management
• Event processing
• Analytics
• Integration
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
Agenda
– IoT Market and Applications Overview
– IoT Wireless Technologies and Test Challenges
• Bluetooth Low Energy
• Zigbee/Thread
• WLAN 802.11ah, 11p
• WiSUN (MR-FSK)
• LTE-MTC
• LoRa
– Keysight IoT Wireless Test Solutions
Keysight
Technologies 8
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies Heterogeneous Mix of Technologies
Wireless Wide Area Network (WWAN)
Wireless Neighborhood Area Network
(WNAN)
Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)
Wireless Personal Area Network
(WPAN)
• Bluetooth LE • ZigBee • Thread • 6LoWPAN • Z-Wave • NFC (EMV) • RFID • ANT+
• Enocean • More…
• 802.11a/b/g/n/ac
• 802.11ah & 802.11p
• Wi-SUN
• ZigBee-NAN
• Cellular
• 2G/3G/4G
• LTE-MTC
• WiMAX
• SIGFOX
• LoRa
Short range Short/Medium range
Medium range Long range
Note: Not a complete list of radio formats (> 60 radio formats are used for IoT/M2M)
Red text – emerging
IoT technologies
Black text – existing
technologies
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
Bluetooth ® Standard Evolution
1999 2003 2004 2007 2009
•Many problems
•Difficult making
products
interoperable
•Faster
Connection/Discovery
•Use AFH
•Up to 721kbps
•Introduction of EDR
•EDR Up to 2.1Mbps
•SSP, EIR
•power consumption
optimization
•Alternate MAC/PHY •Unicast connectionless data
•Enhanced power control
•HS Up to 24Mbps
•Adoption of
Bluetooth LE •LE up to 260kbps
•Including classic, LE and HS
V1.0
V1.2
V2.0 + EDR
V2.1 + EDR
V3.0 + HS
V4.0
Future
•Coexist with 4G
•Smart connectivity
•Data transfer
improvement
V4.1
Two New Trademarks
for Certified BT Devices
For dual-
mode: LE +
Legacy BT
For Single-
mode: LE only
2014 2010 2013
V4.2
•For IoT (Support
IPv6/6LoWPAN)
•Highly privacy
•Data throughput
increase
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AFH: Adaptive Frequency Hopping
EDR: Enhanced Data Rate
SSP: Secure Simple Pairing
EIR: Extended Inquiry Response
LE: Low Energy
IPSP: Internet Protocol Support Profile
Formally announced on
5 December 2014
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
BLE Packet – One fixed Structure
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A special test packet has been defined for the RF test
Bluetooth 4.1 Test Packet
• RF test cases use the Reference Packet
payload with 37 octets (296 bits)
• RF test cases are performed with:
• frequency hopping off, Whitening
off, maximum power and direct
test mode
BT LE Test packet format in Core 4.1
BT LE Test packet format in Core 4.2
Bluetooth 4.2 Test Packet
• Maximum payload length extended
from 37 octets to 255 octets in 4.2
• BT LE Data Packet Length Extension
is new feature in 4.2 and impact PDU
payload length in PHY layer
• Increase data throughput up to 2.5
time faster vs. previous versions
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
IEEE 802.15.4 & ZigBee Alliance
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Conforms to IEEE 802.15.4 defining physical & MAC layer
PHY Layer
Application & Profiles
Application Framework
Network & Security
Medium Access Control MAC IEEE
802.15.4
Zigbee
Alliance
Defined
User Defined
Some
vendor
specific
– Zigbee can be used in the 868MHz,
915MHz and 2.4GHz ISM bands.
– Low Power consumption
– Low Cost
– High density of nodes per network
– Simple protocol, global implementation
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– 2014 Nov. ZigBee announce ZigBee 3.0 will release at begin of 2015!
– Combine ZigBee Pro Network layer 6 App profiles(ZLL,ZHA,ZBA,
ZRS,ZHC,ZSE) as one!
– PHY layer support 2.4GHz ISM band only
ZigBee 3.0?
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Follow IEEE 802.15.4 Std.
ZigBee, MiWi, Thread, ISA
100.11a, WirelessHART Allow select:
Depend on
Network Layer
Chipset support 802.15.4 Structure
Thread announce release at
begin of 2015
Thread designed for IOT in
Home.
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
– Thread technology was designed for IoT in the home.
– 2014 Dec Thread Group grow to more than 50 members since
membership opened up on Oct 1st.
– Thread is backed by industry-leading companies including Nest Labs
(Google Purchased), ARM, Big Ass Fans, Freescale, Samsung, Silicon
Labs and Yale Security
– Based on the power efficient IEEE 802.15.4
MAC/PHY
Thread
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– POWERFUL TECHNOLOGY DESIGNED FOR THE HOME: design
special for Home. Open standard & IPv6 6LoWPAN technology.
Based on a robust mesh network with no single point of failure.
– SIMPLE, SECURE, SCALABLE: scale 250+ device in single
network.
– BATTERY FRIENDLY DESIGN: allow years of operation even on a
single AA battery.
Thread Features
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
– Thread Group and the ZigBee Alliance plan to make their
technologies work together in connected home products at Apr 3,
2015.
– Both organizations announced they are collaborating to make a
ZigBee application layer run over Thread networks. Specifically, ZCL
(ZigBee Cluster Library).
– ZigBee products, will be able to work with Thread’s mesh networking
protocol. ZCL defines how connected devices such as lightbulbs and
thermostats.
Thread & ZigBee Cooperation
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
802.11ah Overview – IEEE Task Group 802.11ah is chartered to define an OFDM PHY operating
in the license-exempt bands below 1 GHz, Target markets wireless
connectivity for the Internet of things
• License-exempt bands below 1 GHz
• Narrower bandwidth: 1/2/4/8/16MHz
• PHY layer & modulation scheme: based on
802.11ac
• Transmission range up to 1 km
• Data rates > 100 kbit/s
• Low power consumption required for battery
operated devices
– Standards status:
• The IEEE 802.11 WG is currently developing draft 4.0
• Targeted IEEE spec finalization: Mid of 2016
• Tri-band devices (2.4 GHz / 5 GHz / 900MHz) will operate with billions of Wi-Fi
CERTIFIED devices
11a/g/n/ac AP
11ah AP Indoor
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
802.11ah Bandwidth and Data Rates
16 MHz
8 MHz
4 MHz
2 MHz
1 MHz
20 MHz
Minimum 11n/ac bandwidth
11ah Bandwidth Modes
150Kbps* – 4Mbps
650Kbps – 7.8Mbps
1.35Mbps – 18Mbps
2.9Mbps – 39Mbps
5.8Mbps – 78Mbps
Mandatory & Globally Interoperable modes optimized for sensor networking
Optional higher data rate modes for extended range WLAN
6.5Mbps – 78Mbps
High data rates
Extended range
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
PHY Difference Between 802.11ac and 802.11ah
Feature 802.11ac 802.11ah
Channel bandwidth 20/40/80/160MHz 1/2/4/8/16MHz
FFT size 64/128/256/512 32/64/128/256/512
Data subcarriers / 52/108/234/468 24/52/108/234/468
Pilot Sub-carriers 4/6/8/16 2/4/6/8/16
Pilot Type Fixed pilot Fixed pilot or Traveling pilot*
Subcarrier spacing 312.5KHz 31.25KHz
OFDM symbol duration 4.0/3.6us 40/36us
Guard interval 0.4/0.8/1.6us 4/8/16us
Preamble duration 16us 320us(1M BW)/160us
Modulation types BPSK/QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM BPSK/QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM
Coding rates 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 1/2 rep2, 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6
MCS 0-9 MCS0-9, 10
Transmission Mode VHT mode, non-HT duplicate Mode Normal Mode S1G, 1 MHz Duplicate Mode,
2 MHz Duplicate Mode
Duplicated PPDU Non-HT PPDU S1G_DUP_1M, S1G_DUP_2M
MIMO Up to 8 Up to 4
Multi-user Up to 4 Up to 4, only available in S1G_LONG PPDU
Beamforming Support Support
Source: Draft Amendment Proposed by 802.11 TGah Working Group
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
802.11ah Use Case – Extended range
• Reach garage, backyard, basement, attic
• 1 MHz and 2 MHz mandatory modes
– Ultra-low power consumption
• Optimized for small packet size
• Long sleep time
• Burst traffic
– Native IP support
– Large numbers of devices per AP (8,191)
Indoor Low Power Sensors
Backhaul Sensors & Meter Data
802
.11
ac
802
.11
ac
802.11ah
Extended Range Wi-Fi
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
WLAN 802.11p (Release)
– A Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11p: Amendment 6, Wireless Access in Vehicular
Environment (WAVE) based technology to support Vehicle-to-Vehicle
(V2V) and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2X) communication
• Vehicle broadcasts its position and speed and receives broadcasts of neighboring
road users
• Frequency range: 5.85-5.925 GHz
• Developed based on 802.11a but targets for reliable connection and low latency,
– Main uses:
• Vehicle safety services
• Commerce transactions
via cars
• Toll collection
• Traffic management
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Data refer from IEEE
Data refer from ARIB
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Connected Car (Car-to-X)
802.11p vs. 802.11a
• Frequency: 5.9 GHz (5.850-5.925 GHz)
• 1 control and 6 service channels with 10 MHz spacing
• 802.11p vs. 802.11a : Targets the reliable connection rather than higher data rates
Physical parameters comparison between 802.11a and 802.11p standards
Parameters 802.11a (20 MHz) 802.11p
Channel bandwidth 20 MHz 5, 10 , 20 MHz
Bit Rate (Mbps) 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 48, 54 1.5, 2.25, 3, 4.5, 6, 9, 12, 13.5 18, 24, 27, 36, 48, 54
Modulation Type BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Code Rate 1/2, 2/3, 3/4 1/2, 2/3, 3/4
# of Subcarriers 52 52
Symbol duration 4 µs 16, 8, 4us
Guard Time 0.8 µs 3.2, 1.6, 0.8 µs
Preamble duration 16 µs 64, 32, 16 µs
Subcarrier Spacing 312.5 kHz 78.125, 156.25, 312.5 kHz
SEM Fixed Class A-D
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Smart Energy Systems Overview
Sub-
station
Transmission Distribution
Data
Concentrator
Generation
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Smart
Meter
Neighborhood
Area Network
Field-Area Network
Wi-SUN
Wi-SUN (Wireless Smart Utility Network)
Home
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IEEE 802.15.4g Standards
• 3 physical layer (PHY) standards supported:
• MR-FSK*: 2FSK and 4FSK modulation used
• MR-OFDM: 4 options with different FFT size and bandwidths
• MR-O-QPSK*: DSSS and multiplexed DSSS used
• Frequency bands depend on regulatory requirements, may include
bands around 169, 450-510, 780, 863-870, 896-960, 1427-1518, and
2400-2483 MHz
• Wi-SUN Alliance PHY conformance tests and profiles being developed
for MR-FSK PHY.
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*MR: Multi-rate and multi-regional, O-QPSK: Offset QPSK
Data Rate (kpbs) Modulation Index (h) Channel Spacing (kHz) Region
50 1 200 Japan, US/BZ
100 1 400 Japan
200 1 600 Japan
100 0.5 200 US/BZ
150 0.5 400 US/BZ
200 0.5 400 US/BZ
300 0.5 600 Japan, US/BZ
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LTE MTC (Machine-Type Communications)
– Benefits from the reliability, efficiency, and longevity of 4G LTE.
Optimizing LTE Advanced for machine-type communications(MTC).
– Co-exists with mobile broadband services enabling continued M2M
business model innovations.
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Data refer from Qualcomm
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
LTE MTC (Machine-Type Communications)
– Power saving:
• Enhanced Power Save Mode (PSM): More efficiently turn on/off modem;
optimized for scheduled applications
• Extended Discontinuous Reception (DRX): Longer sleep cycles optimized
for delay-tolerant
• Connectionless Random Access Channel (RACH)
• Less frequent Tracking Area Updates (TAUs) and measurements
– Reduces device cost:
• Narrowband (~1 MHz)
• Reduced Data Rate (<2 Mbps1)
• Single receive antenna
• Half Duplex Operation
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Features
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
– LoRa : Long Range M2M communications used for applications like the
Internet of Things, IoT, using very low power levels. LoRa Alliance is an open,
non-profit association that was formally launched at MWC in 2015.
LoRa Alliance
– Members of the LoRa Alliance
include Actility, Cisco, Eolane,
IBM, Kerlink, IMST, MultiTech,
Sagemcom, Semtech, and
Microchip Technology.
– Key Features
• Low Cost: simple modulation
• Low power: Long battery life
in excess of ten years
• Long range: ~15 - 20 km
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
LoRa
Frequency bands: sub-1GHz ISM bands – 868 MHz for Europe
– 915 MHz for North America
– 433 MHz band for Asia
Bandwidth
– 7.8 kHz; 10.4 kHz; 15.6 kHz; 20.8 kHz;
31.2 kHz; 41.7 kHz; 62.5 kHz; 125 kHz;
250 kHz; 500 kHz.
Modulation – Chirp Spread spectrum modulation
– Forward error correction, FEC
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Physical Layer
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LoRa
– Low power: Long battery life in
excess of ten years
– Long range:
• >2km dense urban, >15km
suburban, >80km VLOS.
• Sensitivity: ~-148 dBm
– Network Capacity & Security:
• Easy connect to Gateway
• Star Network / Link Rate
Adaptation / Fully Scalable
Network
• No SIM
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Capability
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies Compare
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
IoT Key Enabling Wireless Technologies Summary
Standards Freq(s) Max BW Data rate Mod Range Network Applications
LTE-M
Category 0/1 (LTE Rel12/13)
LTE band 1.4 MHz 200 kbps ~
1 Mbps OFDM 1000 m WMAN
lower speed and power
versions of the LTE standard
defined in Rel12/13
802.11ah
(IEEE 802.11) Sub GHz
1 to 16
MHz
150 kbps
to 78 Mbps OFDM 1000 m WLAN
Target for IoT, wearable
devices or extend range
802.11p
(IEEE 802.11) 5.8~5.9 GHz
5/10/20
MHz
1.5 Mbps to
54 Mbps OFDM 1000 m WLAN
Wireless access in vehicle
environment (WAVE)
Bluetooth
Low Energy 2.4 GHz 2 MHz 1 Mbps GFSK 50 m WPAN
automotive, healthcare,
security, home entertainment
Z-Wave
(ITU G.9959)
868.42 MHz
908.42 MHz 200 kHz
9.6 kbps
~100 kbps
BFSK
GFSK 100 m WPAN
Remote controls, smoke
alarm, security sensors
Owned by Denmark Zensys
ZigBee
(802.15.4) ISM < 2.4 GHz 5 MHz
40 kbps to
250 kbps
BPSK
OQPSK 10 m WPAN
Home automation, smart grid,
remote control
Thread
(802.15.4) ISM < 2.4 GHz 5 MHz
40 kbps to
250 kbps
BPSK, FSK
OQPSK 10 m WPAN
Mesh network for home and
support 6LoWPAN
Wi-Sun
(802.15.4g) ISM < 2.4 GHz
200 kHz to
1.2 MHz
50 kbps to
1 Mbps
FSK ,OFDM,
OQPSK 1000 m WNAN
FAN and HAN
Smart Utility Networks, Smart
Grid, Smart Metering
NFC (ISO/IEC18092)
13.56 MHz 1 MHz 848 kbps FSK, ASK 20 cm P2P
Contactless payment, easy
other connection (Wi-Fi, BT),
identity and access
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
Agenda
– IoT Market and Applications Overview
– IoT Wireless Technologies and Test Challenges
– Keysight IoT Wireless Test Solutions
Keysight
Technologies 32
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
Keysight IoT Wireless Test Solution
N9064A
N7610B N7606B
N9081A
802.11ah
N9064A
N7617B
N9077A
N7622B LTE Cat0
N7624/5B N9080/2A
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N9081A Bluetooth Measurements
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Basic Rate
EDR
Low Energy
Up to 255 Octets
(2040 bits)
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N9064A ZigBee/Thread Demodulation
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
N9077B 802.11ah Test Solution
– 802.11ah Transmit Test Solution
• EXM supports 802.11ah
1/2/4/8/16MHz
• Full measurement result set
- Transmit Power
- Modulation Accuracy
- Spectrum emission mask
– 802.11ah Receiver Test
• Signal Studio to generate
802.11ah waveforms
• Support 1/2/4/8/16MHz bandwidth
802.11ah 2MHz SEM measurement
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 © Keysight Technologies 2015
N9077B 802.11p Test Solution
– 802.11p Transmit Test Solution
• EXM supports 802.11p 5
MHz/10MHz/20MHz
• Product option EXM V9077B-2FP
• Full measurement result set
- Transmit Power
- Modulation Accuracy
- Spectrum emission mask
– 802.11p Receiver Test
• Support 802.11p 5 MHz/10MHz/20MHz
bandwidth
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© Keysight Technologies 2015
Wi-SUN Signal Generation
Keysight New Signal Studio for IEEE 802.15.4g – N7610B
- Create signals compliant to 802.15.4g which can support
Wi-SUN PHY standards
- Full channel coding, flexible configuration of MAC headers
and data types for receiver PER tests
- Support multi-rate and multi-regional frequency and multi-
data rates defined in 802.15.4g specifications
- Support Wi-SUN MR-FSK and MR-OFDM formats
- Support the waveform generation on EXG/MXG, PSG, ESG
and PXIe VSG*
N7610B Configuration and Pricing:
- N7610B - QFP: Advanced MR-FSK
- N7610B - RFP: Advanced MR-OFDM
AFS date: Aug-1-2014
Web go-live: Aug-6-2014
New image with KeySight logo
* Note: only support waveform export/import for PXIe VSG at August 2014 release.
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N9064A WiSUN Solution
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© Keysight Technologies 2015 Copyright © 2014 Agilent. All rights reserved © Keysight Technologies 2015
Thank You !!! Questions and Answers
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