Skjold – NFM® Body ArMour V.02
Technologies
enhancing
FighTabiliTy &
surViVabiliTy
2 1SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
• Hardbodyarmour
» Reliability 2
» Protection 3
» Comfort 4
» Wearing configuration 5
» Weight classes 5
» Product range 6
» HB plates 6
» Training plates 7
» Dummy plates 7
» HB rifle threats comparison 8
• Softbodyarmour
» Geometries 12
» Protection levels (product range) 13
» SB handgun threats comparison 14
conTenT
skjold leads the way with its innovative approach to personal protective equipment.
skjold is the family of body armour products within the nFM® personal
protective equipment segment.
as a part of Full spectrum Protection concept, skjold offers multiple anti-ballistic components where optimal protection level
and protected area can be adapted according to different threats and environments.
The core of skjold is innovation, early adoption and quality. The nFM® team believes that
personal protection can be better, and strives for improvement in materials, manufacturing
methods and ergonomics to improve the protection, comfort and capability of users.
2 3SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
Example of TOR-X3M-SA-T6 plate which successfully stopped
5 shots of 7.62x54R B32 API round at 875m/s
HArd BAlliStic (HB) ArMour AdvANtAgeS
rapidtemperaturecHange
SKJOLD plates are consolidated under
high temperature and vacuum assuring
extraction of all undesired substances.
Such production method prevents
condensation of water, which could,
in extreme operational environments,
freeze and expand several times. The
unique production process prevents
structural delamination and secures
protection properties of SKJOLD plates.
non-balliSticimpact
The ceramic core of SKJOLD body
armour inserts is encapsulated
into envelope made of high
performance glass fibre and
PET matrix. Such encapsulation
increases significantly its
durability without increasing
plate thickness. In addition plates
are secured with 5 mm structural
edge protection which assures
corner drop resistance.
Superiormulti-Hit
SKJOLD protective inserts provides significant multi-hit
capabilities despite monolithic construction of ceramic
antiballistic core.
Ceramic core is encapsulated into envelope made of high
performance glass fibre with PET matrix what allows to
control cracking pattern and eventually provides superior
multi-hit capabilities.
All NFM® products which are certified for level IV protection
acc. NIJ standard (7.62x63 M2AP) are capable to pass and
exceed full multi-hit tests required for level III protection.
largeactiVearea
SKJOLD body armour plates have significant area of
active protection. Most of the standards for body armour
classification define fair-hit as far as 50-75 mm (2-3”)
from the edge.
Inserts produced by NFM® provide effective protection as
close as 13 mm (0.5”) from the edge:
» 7.62x63 M2AP – 38 mm (1.5”) from the edge
» 7.62x51 P80 – 25 mm (1.0”) from the edge
» 5.56x45 SS109 – 13 mm (0.5”) from the edge
SKJOLD patented technologies
assures perfect alignment of
ceramic core and backing layers.
The vacuum forming process
creates air-free composite.
Expansion of potential bubble
during jumping, diving or air
transportation would eventually
cause delamination and
destruction of ballistic properties.
ligHtWeigHt
SKJOLD body armour inserts are the
lightest antiballistic composites available on
the market. Unique properties of used resin
and fibre reinforcement allow using 10%
thinner ceramic cores than competitors.
This combined with strongest backing
materials enables to produce lightest
products in almost every protection class
and price category.
reliABilityreliable in all operational environmentsenhanced drop resistanceuniform performance
ProtectioNsuperior multi-hitlarge active area
Various protection levels
uniformperformanceSKJOLD consolidation technology does not require any moulding tooling or high pressure. Backing material and antiballistic core are bound under vacuum and high temperature. Such process assures that layers of backing follow the curvature of ceramic and eliminates spots of glue or air bubbles. Full alignment of backing and ceramic core assures uniform performance of the whole plate surface.
SKJOLD
rapidairpreSSurecHange
4 5SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
icW:inconjunctionWitHPlates are designed to provide the protection only in conjunction with soft armour panels. ICW plates are lighter and less bulky than stand alone equivalents.
Sa:StandalonePlates are designed to be used as Stand Alone. Product does not require and soft armour support to provide given protection level.
icW&raVenupgradeRAVEN upgrade is lightweight soft ballistic insert delivered in sealed envelope in exact plate shape. Worn just behind the plate on its body side enable use of ICW plate as SA plate.
Tolerances: dimensions +/- 3%, coverage +/- 3%. Other shapes upon request, MOQ ≥500 pieces.
HB ArMour AdvANtAgeS
coMFortergonomic shapeVariety of sizeslow profilelightweight
WeAriNg coNFigurAtioNSWeigHt clASSeS
HeXaplate
» New revolutionary shape
» Superior comfort for female front torso
» 10º wider angle protection
» Improved ergonomics
» Improved freedom of movement
» Extended range of sizes
Sideplate
» Extends protected area
» Does not affect mobility
» Suitable for upper arm, torso side or thigh protection
» Extended range of sizes
torSoplate
» Classic SAPI shape
» Excellent ergonomics
» Freedom of movement
» Extended range of sizes
Size Dimensions Area of coverage
H127.5x26.0 cm 10.8x10.2 in
560 sq.cm 0.60 sq.ft
H229.0x28.5 cm 11.4x11.2 in
638 sq.cm 0.69 sq.ft
H330.0x28.5 cm 11.81x11.22 in
707 sq.cm 0.76 sq.ft
H431.0x30.0 cm 12.20x11.81 in
758 sq.cm 0.82 sq.ft
H532.0x31.5 cm 12.60x12.40 in
832 sq.cm 0.90 sq.ft
Size Dimensions Area of coverage
T321.0x26.0 cm 8.27x10.23 in
533 sq.cm 0.57 sq. ft
T423.0x30.0 cm 9.06x11.81 in
640 sq.cm 0.69 sq.ft
T525.0x33.0 cm 9.8x13.0 in
751 sq.cm 0.81 sq.ft
T627.0x35.0 cm 10.6x13.8 in
896 sq.cm 0.96 sq.ft
TM325.0x30.0 cm 9.8x11.8 in
730 sq.cm 0.79 sq.ft
TN425.0x30.0 cm 9.8x11.8 in
680 sq.cm 0.73 sq.ft
TN525.0x30.0 cm 9.8x11.8 in
700 sq. cm 0.75 sq.ft
Size Dimensions Area of coverage
S310.0x15.0 cm 3.94x5.91 in
145 sq.cm 0.16 sq.ft
S412.5x17.5 cm 4.92x6.89 in
215 sq.cm 0.23 sq.ft
SQ415.0x15.0 cm 5.91x5.91 in
220 sq.cm 0.24 sq.ft
S515.0x20.0 cm 5.91x7.87 in
295 sq.cm 0.32 sq.ft
WeigHtclaSSeSFlexible technology suitable for wide range of raw materials helps to optimise weight/performance ratio.
Starting from “white” ceramics with simple backing system going to “black” ceramics with high performance backing we can save up to 16% weight.
eXtreme(X3msuffix)
» Ultimate solution for low weight and high performance
» Usually consists of “black” ceramic core and high performance backing system
baSeline(nosuffix)
» Optimum compromise between weight, performance and price
» Usually consists of thinnest applicable “white” ceramic core with high performance backing system
loWprofile(lpsuffix)
» Best choice for semi concealed wearing and price sensitive projects
» Usually consist thick “white” ceramic core with simple backing system
100
90
80
70
torX3m tor torlp
HeXa–Widerangleprotection
Classic shape protects 36º of frontal arc
HEXA shape protects 46º of frontal arc
6 7SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
protectionleVelSofSKjoldplateS
vANdi – trAiNiNg PlAte
eFlA – duMMy PlAte
torprotection level IV & III acc. NIJ Std. 0101.04
Provides multi-hit protection against armour piercing ammunitions, eg.:
» 7.62x63 M2AP
» 7.62x54R B32 API
HeiMdAl protection class 9 acc. VPAM BSW 2006
Provides multi-hit protection against armour piercing ammunitions, eg.:
» 7.62x51 P80
» 7.62x39 BZ API
tyr (duringdevelopment)
protection level III++ acc. NIJ Std. 0101.04
Provides multi-hit protection against semi-armour
piercing and heavy FMJ ammunition, eg.:
» 5.56x45 SS109 (NIJ III++)
» 7.62x39 57N231 PS (M43 MSC)
» 7.62x51 M80 (NIJ III)
odiN (duringdevelopment)
protection level IV+ & III acc. NIJ Std. 0101.04
Provides multi-hit protection against armour piercing ammunitions, eg.:
» 7.62x51 M993/FFV
» 7.62x54R BS40
» 5.56x45 M995/FFV
» 5.45x39 7N24
vANdiTraining plates designed as substitute of X3M plates for in-land training.Provides multi-hit protection against assault rifle ammunition, eg.:
» 5.56x45 SS109 » 5.45x39 7N6 PS » 7.62x39 57N231 PS (M43 MSC)
VANDI plate provides ballistic protection adequate for live fire training situations, for FMJ riffle ammunition, mutili-hit and edge shot capabilities.
VANDI plate simulates dimensions and weight of TOR-X3M plates what improves reality of training and helps to avoid exposing real plates to mechanical damage.
VANDI plate is a composite product consisting of monolithic antiballistic core supported with backing system designed and assembled by use of the cost effective antiballistic materials.
protectionleVelacHieVableWitHtHiSconStruction
bulletresistanceinconjunctionwith
softantiballisticinserts:
» 5.56x45 SS109
» 5.45x39 7N6 PS
» 7.62x39 57N231 PS (M43)
bulletresistanceinStand-aloneconfiguration:
» 7.62x25 57N134S
» 5.45x18 7N7
» 9x19 Vanäs M39/B
EFLA series is a family of durable insert plates designed to be used in training.
EFLA insert plate is a composite product designed and assembled by use of durable materials.
EFLA inserts simulates dimensions and weight of real TOR-X3M plates improving reality of training activities. This avoids exposing high performance ceramic plates to mechanical damage.
NArve Provides multi-hit protection against handgun ap
ammunintion, eg.:
» 7.62x25 57N134S
» 5.45x18 7N7
» 9x19 Vanäs M39/B
HB Product rANge
SKJOLD body armour provides an extremely high antiballistic performance with regard to armour piercing rifle ammunitions, multi-hit and edge shot capabilities.
SKJOLD body armour is an advanced fibre reinforced composite product that consisting of monolithic antiballistic core supported with high performance, light antiballistic backing system. The superior features are achieved by in-house developed and patented manufacturing technologies.
supreme antiballistic protectionreliable in all environmentssuperior multi-hitlarge active areacomfortable
Weight & dimensions of a real Plate
8 9SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
odiNtorHeiMdAltyr
USA
NIJ 0101.06
NIJ 0101.04
(III-)
5.56x45
M193, 3.55 g
930 m/s*
(III+)
7.62x39
MSC, 7.9 g
730 m/s*
III
7.62x51 M80
NATO Ball, 9.6 g
847 m/s*
(III++)
5.56x45
SS109, 4.0 g
930 m/s*
IV
.30-06 M2AP
10.8 g
878 m/s*
US ARMY
I/E/X - SAPI
A
7.62x51 M80
NATO Ball, 9.6 g
847 m/s*
C
5.56x45 M855
Ball, 4.0 g
999 m/s*
B
7.62x54 R LPS
MSC, 9.6 g
847 m/s*
F
7.62x39 API
Bz, 7.4 g
740 m/s*
D
7.62x63 M2AP
10.8 g
878 m/s*
Y
5.56x45 M995
FFV, 4.0 g
1029 m/s*
X
7.62x51 M993
FFV, 8.4 g
938 m/s*
RUSSIA
GOST
R 50744-95
3
5.45x39 AK74
7-N-6, PS
MSC, 3.4 g
900 m/s*
3
7.62x39 AK47
57-N-231, PS
MSC, 7.9 g
725 m/s**
4
5.45x39 AK74
7-N-10, PP
HSC, 3.6 g
900 m/s*
5
7.62x54 R SVD
57-N-323S, LPS
MSC, 9.6 g
830 m/s*
5
7.62x39 AK47
57-N-231, PS
HSC, 7.9 g
725 m/s**
5A
7.62x39 AK47
57-BZ-231, Bz
API, 7.4 g
735 m/s**
6
7.62x54R SVD
7-N-13, ST-M2
HSC, 9.6 g
830 m/s*
6A
7.62x54R SVD
7-BZ-3, B32
API, 10.4 g
820 m/s**
(6A+)
5.45x39 AK74
7-N-24
WC AP, 4.15 g
900 m/s*
(6A++)
7.62x54 R SVD
BS40
WC API, 12.1 g
805 m/s**
Germany
VPAM
BSW2006
(TR2008)
SK 6
7.62x39
FMJ/PB/Fe-Core
8.0 g;
PS
720 m/s*
SK 7 (SK 3)
.308 Winchester
FMJ/PB/SC
9.55 g
MEN, DM111
830 m/s*
SK 7 (SK 3)
.223 Remington
FMJ/PB/SCP
4.0 g
MEN, SS109
950 m/s*
SK 8
7.62x39
FMJ/PB/HCI
7.7 g; Core 4.1 g
65HRC; Bz
740 m/s*
SK 9 (SK 4)
.308 Winchester
FMJ/PB/HC
9.7 g; Core 4.0 g
MEN/CBC
820 m/s*
SK 10
7.62x54 R
FMJ/PB/HCI
10.4 g; Core 5.3
63HRC; B32
860 m/s*
SK 11
.308 Winchester
FMJ/PB/WC
8.4 g; Core 5.9
Nammo, AP8
930 m/s*
SK 12
.308 Winchester
FMJ/PB/WC
12.7 g; Core 5.58
Swiss P AP
810m/s*
GERMANY
TR2003
Special (SK3+)
7.62x39 M43
VMS/Fe-Core, 8.0 g
730 m/s*
SK3
7.62x51 DM111
VMS/Wk, 9.55 g
830 m/s*
SK3
5.56x45 DM11
VMS/WK+P, 4.0 g
950 m/s*
SK4
7.62x51 P80
VMS/HK, 9.45 g
820 m/s*
Special (SK4+)
7.62x54 R B32
API, 10.4 g
890 m/s*
Special (SK4++)
7.62x51 AP8
VMS/HK(WC), 8.4 g
960 m/s*
POLAND
PN-V-87000
2011
K3-A
7.62x39
PS, 7.9 g
720 m/s**
K3-C
7.62x51
M80, 9.6 g
840 m/s**
K3-B
5.56x45
SS109, 4.0 g
950 m/s**
K4
7.62x39
Bz, 7.7 g
735 m/s**
K5-A
7.62x51
AP, 9.7 g
820 m/s**
K5-B
7.62x54 R
B32, 10.4 g
860 m/s**
UK
HOSDB
2007
HG3
5.56x45
LE223T3
Bonded SP; 4.02 g
750 m/s**
RF1
7.62x51
L2A2
NATO Ball; 9.3 g
830 m/s**
(RF1+)
5.56x45
L2A1
(SS109 eq.) 4.0 g
930 m/s**
RF2
7.62x51
L40A1
NATO Ball HP; 9.7 g
850 m/s**
* Velocity ±10 m/s
** Velocity ±15 m/s
This comparison is simplified by not taking into consideration differences in testing protocols (i.e. req. BFS, shot spacing, edge distance, conditioning) and has only indicative character. More detailed information can be found in relevant standards and Product Data Sheets.
HB riFle tHreAtS coMPAriSoN
10 11SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
SoFt Body (SB) ArMour PANelS
12 13SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
SB ArMour PANelS
m14
» Large coverage area
» Modular add-on protection compatible (see below)
» HEXA shape plate compatible
add-onprotection
» ADD-ONs are supplementary
protection items for body
armour vests. The ADD-
ONs include: neck, throat,
shoulder, upper-arm, belt,
groin and coccyx protection.
The functional design of the
different ADD-ONs minimises
interference with other modules
and the base of combat helmet.
m21
» Short torso to optimise mobility
» HEXA shape plate compatible
» Integrated shoulder protection for improved comfort
» Modular add-on protection compatible (see below)
m17
» Close body fit
» Short torso to improve mobility
» Perfect for vehicle operations
» Modular add-on protection compatible (see below)
» HEXA shape plate compatible
Other shapes available upon request.
geometries Protection levels
THROAT Add-On
SHOULDER Add-On
UPPER ARM Add-On
BELT Add-On
GROIN Add-On
THIGH Add-On
COCCYX Add-On
NECK Add-On
Protection level ProductFragment resistance (V50)
Composition Areal weight*1.102 g FSP 0.325 g FSP
level IIIA acc. NIJ Standard 0101.04
9x19 mm FMJ 436 m/s ±9 m/s
.44 Magnum SJHP 436 m/s ±9 m/s
NANNA (UD01) 600 m/s 680 m/s Twaron® 5.95 kg/sqm
jord (T09) 550 m/s - Twaron® 5.75 kg/sqm
SigyN (PE01) 580 m/s 680 m/s Dyneema® 5.50 kg/sqm
SAgA (TPE04) 630 m/s - Twaron® / Dyneema® 5.25 kg/sqm
eir (PE09) 550 m/s - Dyneema® / Twaron® 4.85 kg/sqm
level SK1 acc. TR2003/TR2008
9x19 mm DM41 410 m/s ±10 m/s
9x19 mm QD/PEP II/s 460 m/s ±10 m/s
9x19 mm Action 4 460 m/s ±10 m/s
iduNN (TSB01) 550 m/s 640 m/s Twaron® 5.20 kg/sqm
HliN (TPE03) - - Twaron® / Dyneema® 4.75 kg/sqm
Frigg (T04) 550 m/s 650 m/s Twaron® 4.50 kg/sqm
Frag vest acc. STANAG 2920 FreyA 600 m/s 680 m/s Twaron® 4.80 kg/sqm
* Nett weight excluding water repellent casing.
level iiiAnijStandard0101.04
level Sk1tr2003/tr2008
FrAg veStStanag2920
NANNA (UD01)5.95kg/sqm
iduNN (TSB01)5.20kg/sqm
FreyA (T03)4.80kg/sqm
jord (T09)5.75kg/sqm
HliN (TPE03)4.75kg/sqm
SigyN (PE01)5.50kg/sqm
Frigg (T04)4.50kg/sqm
SAgA (TPE04)5.25kg/sqm
eir (PE09)4.85kg/sqm
14 15SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
Armour type Defendable with Soft Armour Panels Defendable with Soft Armour Panels Hard Armour Plate is required
USA
NIJ 0101.06
II-A
9x19 mm
FMJ RN; 8.0 g
Con. 355 m/s *
New. 373 m/s *
II-A
.40 S&W
FMJ; 11.7 g
Con. 325 m/s *
New. 352 m/s *
II
9x19 mm
FMJ RN; 8.0 g
Con. 379 m/s *
New. 398 m/s *
II
.357 Magnum
JSP; 10.2 g
Con. 430 m/s *
New. 448 m/s *
IIIA
.357 SIG
FMJ FN; 8.1 g
Con. 430 m/s *
New. 448 m/s *
IIIA
.44 Magnum
SJHP; 15.6 g
Con. 408 m/s *
New. 436 m/s *
USA
NIJ 0101.04
I
.22 caliber LR
Lead RN, 2.6 g
329 m/s *
I
.380 ACP
FMJ RN, 6.2 g
322 m/s *
II-A
9x19 mm
FMJ RN; 8.0 g
341 m/s *
II-A
.40 S&W
FMJ; 11.7 g
322 m/s *
II
9x19 mm
FMJ RN; 8.0 g
367 m/s *
II
.357 Magnum
JSP; 10.2 g
436 m/s *
IIIA
9x19 mm
FMJ RN; 8.0 g
436 m/s *
IIIA
.44 Magnum
SJHP; 15.6 g
436 m/s *
USA
IOTV
FQ/PD 07-05B
(12 OCT 2007)
9x19 mm; FMJ RN; 8.0 g; V0 ≥ 427 m/s; V50 ≥ 466 m/s
RCC 2 gr (0.13 g); V50 DRY ≥ 827 m/s; V50 WET ≥ 786 m/s
RCC 4 gr (0.26 g); V50 DRY ≥ 732 m/s; V50 WET ≥ 702 m/s
RCC 16 gr (1.04 g); V50 DRY ≥ 626 m/s; V50 WET ≥ 586 m/s
RCC 64 gr (4.15 g); V50 DRY ≥ 507 m/s; V50 WET ≥ 492 m/s
Germany
VPAM
BSW2006
1
.22 Long Rifle
L/RN; 2.6 g
Winchester
360 m/s *
2
9 mm Luger
FMJ/RN/SC; 8.0 g
RUAG DM41
360 m/s *
3
9 mm Luger
FMJ/RN/SC; 8.0 g
RUAG DM41
415 m/s *
4
.357 Magnum
FMJ/CB/SC; 10.2 g
Geco
430 m/s *
4
.44 Rem. Mag.
FMJ/FN/SC; 15.6 g
Speer
440 m/s *
5
.357 Magnum
MsF/CB; 7.1 g
DAG Spezial
580 m/s *
GERMANY
TR2003
Special (SK1+)
9x18 Makarov
VMR/Fe-Core; 6 g
DDR Fertig.
350 m/s *
SKL
9 mm Luger
FMJ/RN/SC; 8.0 g
RUAG DM41
365 m/s *
SK1
9 mm Luger
DM41; RUAG; 8.0 g; 410 m/s *
QD-PEP II/s; MEN; 6.0 g; 460 m/s *
Action 4; RUAG; 6.1 g; 460 m/s *
Special (SK1+)
7.62x25 Tokarev
FMSJ; 5.5 g
UdSSR Fertig.
500 m/s *
Special (SK2+)
7.62x25 Tokarev
VMR/Fe-Core
5.5 g (Core 2.6 g)
530 m/s *
SK2
.357 Magnum
MsF/CB; 7.1 g
DAG Spezial
580 m/s *
UK
HOSDB
2007
HG1
9x19 mm
FMJ; 8.0 g
DM11A1B2
365 m/s *
HG1
.357” Magnum
SPFN; 10.2 g
Rem. R357M3
390 m/s *
HG2
9x19 mm
FMJ; 8.0 g
DM11A1B2
430 m/s *
HG2
.357” Magnum
SPFN; 10.2 g
Rem. R357M3
455 m/s *
SWEDEN
RPS
PVS/P 036/08
RPS1
9x19 mm
FMJ; 8.0 g
DM11A1B2
360 m/s *
RPS1
.357” Magnum
SPFN; 10.2 g
Rem. R357M3
385 m/s *
RPS2
9x19 mm
FMJ; 8.0 g
DM11A1B2
425 m/s *
RPS2
.357” Magnum
SPFN; 10.2 g
Rem. R357M3
450 m/s *
RPS3
9x19 mm
FMJ; 6.75 g
Vanäs, 39/b
420 m/s *
POLAND
PN-V-87000
2011
K1A
9x19 mm
FMSJ; 8,0 g
365 m/s *
K1B
9x19mm
FMSJ; 8,0g
400 m/s *
K2
7.62x25 TT
FMSJ; 5,5g
420 m/s *
RUSSIA
GOST
R 50744-95
1
7.62x38 Nagant
57-N-122, P
SC, 6.8 g
285 m/s *
1
9x18 Makarov
57-N-181, Pst
MSC, 5.9 g
315 m/s *
2
5.45x18 PSM
7-N-7, Pst
MSC, 2.5 g
325 m/s *
2
7.62x25 Tokarev
57-N-134S, Pst
MSC, 5.5 g
430 m/s *
* Velocity ±10 m/s This comparison is simplified by not taking into consideration differences in testing protocols (i.e. req. BFS, shot spacing, edge distance, conditioning) and has only indicative character. More detailed information can be found in relevant standards and Product Data Sheets.
SB HANdguN tHreAtS coMPAriSoN
16 SKJOLD – NFM® Body Armour System (v.02)
uNit coNverSAtioN tABleS
This document is subject to changes pursuant to new development and findings and similar reservation applies to the properties
of the products described. The technical data in this document reflect to our best knowledge at the time of publication.
NFM does not accept any liability for the results of usage of these products except obligations implicating from:
» GENERAL SALE CONDITIONS OF NFM HOLDING AS and its subsidiaries
» NFM BODY ARMOUR Limited warranty
LEngTH
1 cm = 0.3940 in1 m = 3.2808 ft1 m = 1.0936 yd1 km = 0.6214 land mile1 km = 0.5400 nautical mile
1 in = 2.5400 cm1 ft = 0.3048 m1 yd = 0.9144 m (= 3 ft = 36 in)1 land mile = 1.6093 km1 naut. mile = 1.8520 km
SurfACE
1 sq.cm = 0.1552 sq.in1 sq.m = 10.7639 sq.ft1 sq.m = 1.1960 sq.yd
1 sq.inch = 6.4516 sq.cm1 sq.foot = 0.0929 sq.m1 sq.yard = 0.8361 sq.m
VOLuME
1 cu.cm = 0.061 cu.in1 cu.dm = 0.035 cu.ft1 cu.m = 1.308 cu.yd
1 cu.in = 16.387 cu.cm1 cu.ft = 0.0283 cu.m1 cu.yd = 0.7646 cu.m
IMPErIAL MEASurE AMErICAn LIQuID MEASurE
1 pint = 0.568 l1 quart = 1.136 l (= 2 pints)1 gallon = 4.546 l (= 4 quarts)1 peck = 9.092 l (= 2 gallons)1 bushel = 36.369 l (= 8 gallons)1 barrel = 163.642 l (= 36 gallons)
1 pint = 0.473 l1 quart = 0.946 l (= 2 pints)1 gallon = 3.785 l (= 4 quarts)1 barrel = 158.968 l (= 42 gallons)
WEIgHT
1 g = 15.4321 gr1 g = 0.0353 oz1 kg = 2.205 lb
1 gr = 0.0648 g1 oz = 28.35 g (= 437.5 gr)1 lb = 0.4536 kg
ArEAL DEnSITy
1 kg/sqm = 0.205 psf 1 psf = 4.88 kg/sqm
LInEAr DEnSITy Of fIbrES
1 dtex = 1g / 10 000 m1 den = 1g / 9 000 m
1 dtex = 1.11 den1 den = 0.9 dtex
VELOCITy
1 m/s = 3.2808 ft/s1 m/s = 3.60 km/h
1 ft/s = 0.3048 m/s1 km/h = 0.28 m/s
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
0 16 32 48 64 80 97 113 129 145 161
mph
km/h
TEMPErATurE
Celsiusº = 5/9 (fº - 32º) fahrenheitº = 9/5 Cº + 32º
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 60 80 100 120 140
32 41 50 59 68 77 86 95 104 140 176 212 248 284
ºC
ºf
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Glynitveien 27
N-1400 Ski, Norway
Phone: +47 64 85 14 00
Fax: +47 64 85 14 01
www.nfm.no