District Heating using Heat Pumps
& The CIBSE Surface Water Source
Heat Pumps: Code of Practice (CP2)
Nic WincottLead Author CP2
UK Coordinator – NeoEnergy Ltd.
REHAU District Heating WorkshopWednesday 4th November 2015The Building Centre, London
The CIBSE Surface Water Source Heat Pumps:
Code of Practice (CP2)
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks using Heat Pumps
I will be talking mainly about SWSHP’s and mainly about heating applications but there are heat pumps in (almost) all cooling networks.
Heat Pumps can collect or reject heat into, or recover heat from, many places: the ground, the air, from industrial processes, supermarkets, sewage treatment plants and datacentres.
Heat Pumps can simultaneously provide both heating and cooling very efficiently. Thermal Energy Storage can greatly improve system and seasonal efficiencies. ‘sorption heat pumps can convert waste heat into useful and valuable cooling…..
Something often overlooked
Today’s Topics….
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
Companion to
CIBSE Heat Networks:
Code of Practice (CP1)
Surface Water only: Ground Water to follow?
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
Surface Water Source Heat Pumps - CP2
What is a Code of Practice- a set of rules which describes how people working in a particular profession should behave.
Whereas a Standard exists principally to provide a reliable basis on which common expectations can be shared regarding specific characteristics of a product, service or process.
The CIBSE Code’s of Practice seek to improve installation quality by combining both functions.
This Code of Practice is intended for:
• The whole supply chain
• Use in tendering & contracts
and to:
• Underpin training & certification
• Establish good and where possible best practice
• Instil confidence and take the technology to the next level
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
It’s a collaborative publication
• Consortium funded by DECC and led by CIBSE in association with HPA & GSHPA supported by a 20+ strong, diverse steering committee of industry experts and stakeholders.
• With input from many more Companies & Individuals both informally and during the consultation process: http://www.cibse.org/CP2consultation
• Disappointingly little input from environmental groups although there were invited… repeatedly…..Angling Trust eventually engaged and made a valuable contribution…. http://www.anglingtrust.net/
www.cibse.org/CP1
DECC Supported…
• By providing funding
• SWSHPs can deliver heat at scale, so DECC has produced a “Water
Source Heat Potential” layer to augment their National Heat Map to
identify the thermal resources of rivers, estuaries, canals and coastal
waters in England. http://tools.decc.gov.uk/nationalheatmap/
• They have also published:
Navigating the Way:
A Customer Journey for potential developershttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/416665/navigating_the_way_a_customer_journey_for_potential_developers.pdf
www.cibse.org/CP1
Environment Agency InputThe Environment Agency have been closely involved throughout.
As a direct result:
They have changed a number of forms and internal systems to establish a single point of entry for all enquiries.
They have simplified application and permitting processes and are encouraging early engagement, ideally long before the any formal application is to be made.
They are investigating how best to engage with developers and others involved with SWSHP projects, to ensure that they have a satisfactory experience.
https://www.gov.uk/government/collections/ground-source-heating-and-cooling-forms-and-guidance-notes
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
SWSHP Code of PracticeOther Considerations
The strategic aims for the deployment of SWSHP system are:
To reduce CO2 and other greenhouse gas emissions
To use natural resources sustainably and reduce or replace fossil fuel consumption.
To reduce overall cost of providing heating and/or cooling.
SWSHP’s can be used for heating, cooling or both, independently or simultaneously.
**This document leads with heating and is written from that perspective, but cooling is also discussed.
SWSHP’s use either open or closed loops to collect heat from, or reject heat into surface water bodies.
**This document leads with open loop installations but also discusses closed loop applications
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
SWSHP Code of Practice
Structure & Approach:
The Code of Practice sets out generally how a task should be undertaken, it is not intended to provide specific design
guidance.
It is intended for larger projects but smaller projects will also benefit.
It looks more daunting than it really is: many of the steps listed happen anyway,
the idea is to ensure that they do happen: how they should and when they should, and as a result the project is delivered:
on time, on budget and to a high standard.
The Code of Practice is structured by:
the typical sequence of a project by stage;
for each project stage a number of objectives are set; and
for each objective a number of minimum requirements are defined to achieve the objective.
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
SWSHP Plan of Work
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
Stages clearly definedand colour coded
Objectives
Key Support Tasks
Information Exchangei.e. Outputs to take forward
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
SWSHP Code of Practice - Why install a Surface Water Source Heat Pump?
Economic benefit
In most cases the key motivating factor will be financial:
Government - grants and incentives
SWSHP systems return an attractive ROI and mitigate against rising energy costs.
Any increased CAPEX will be compensated by the OPEX savings over the life of the building
Other cost savings e.g. a gas supply and a flue may not be needed
May be used for both heating and cooling – significantly improving efficiency and reducing cost.
These balanced systems are compact and usually located in basement plantroom. The roof space released can be
extremely valuable.
Environmental and reputational benefit
SWSHPs are a low carbon alternative to using fossil fuels.
Legislative requirements
To comply with national and international legislation e.g.: Climate Change Act 2008, Carbon Reduction Commitment
(CRC), Energy Performance Building Directive (EPBD), Renewable Energy Sources Directive (RES), and Climate Change
Levy (CCL), Building Regulations etc.
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
SWSHP Applications
Challenges and Opportunities #1
Some of the diverse projects already operational – hopefully to
inspire other innovative installations in the UK.
Both RNLI & NT have ongoing programmes
http://rnli.org/aboutus/aboutthernli/Pages/Innovation.aspxhttp://www.nationaltrust.org.uk/article-1355838486323/
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
ApplicationsChallenges and Opportunities #2
Nasby Park, Stockholm
CAPEX Saving 130,000 EUR (in 2004)Est payback 4.2 Years actual 3 years
Surface Water BTES Recharge - Borehole numbers were reduced (and hence CAPEX) by recharging with the warmer surface water during the Summer
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
Heat Pumps and District
Heating (and Cooling)
Networks
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps.Heat pumps are very versatile and can used with both
source and load side networks.
They maybe used to provide heating, cooling or both either alternately or simultaneously.
In “traditional” load side applications they may be used as
a primary or secondary generator. Historic temperature
constraints for high temperature applications have been
overcome.
In “source” side applications single or multiple heat
pumps may be attached to a low temperature
network to collect or reject heat at or near ambient
temperature.
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks
and Heat Pumps.
“Load Side” ApplicationsDrammen, Norway.
Installed Capacity. 13.3 MW
Annual CoP 3.05 Input temp ± 6°C Output 90°C
Annual Saving £2 Million + 15,000 tons CO2
http://www.ehpa.org/technology/best-practices/large-heat-pumps/drammen-district-heating-norway/
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks
and Heat Pumps.
“Load Side” ApplicationsVärtan Ropsten, Stockholm
www.geopower-i4c.eu/docs/20120503-Anders_Hill-Fortum.pdf
Installed between 1984-86 uses Sea water from Stockholm Harbour as the heat source6 x 30MW Heat pumps (total 180MW)Input Temp ± 2.5°C output to 80°C.Capacity Range 100% to 10%.CoP Max 3.75
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks
and Heat Pumps.
“Source” side ApplicationsAnd back in the UK: Horsham West Sussex
Serving 5 building combined output 90kW using 18 elements submerged in adjacent lake at 2.5MCoP 4.11 to BS14511 B5/W45
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks
and Heat Pumps.
“Source” side applicationsEnergy Vaasa, Finland
Collector embedded into ”Warm” sediment (14 °C)
Novel collector pipes installed by Horizontal Directional
Drilling (HDD). This avoids sea bed ”anchor”-risk
Thermal Transfer Fluid goes to a heat pump
in each property at source temperature
Annual average energy supplied 1.2 GWh,
Total Heat Pump power 400 kW
Individual Heat Pumps range from 9 kW 22 kW
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eoleWYJlc1E
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps
Drakes Landing, Okotoks, Canada
Other heat pump/network installations
http://www.dlsc.ca/
The Drake Landing Solar Community (DLSC) consist of 52 homes heated by a district energy system designed to store solar derived heat underground during the summer and redistribute the energy to each home for space heating in winter.
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps
Other heat pump/network installations
Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana
http://cms.bsu.edu/about/geothermal/faq
Here 3,600 boreholes heat and cool 5.5 Million Square feet in 47 buildings saving about 2 Million USD annually
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps
ETH Zurich
Other heat pump/network installations
https://www.ethz.ch/en/the-eth-zurich/sustainability/sustainable-campus/erdspeicher.htmlhttp://www.energyinnovationdays.com/app/download/12631703832/2015.08.20+Workshop+B+Dominik+Brem.pdf?t=1440728838
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat Pumps
Other heat pump/network installations
European Heat Pump Association (EHPA) Heat Pump City of the Year 2015 - Mäntsälä, FinlandCurrently 4MW delivered to 1500 homes but set to expand
http://www.ehpa.org/projects/heat-pump-city-of-the-year/meet-the-candidates/city-of-maentsaelae/
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
District Heating (and Cooling) Networks and Heat PumpsOther heat pump/network installations
One to watch:
Cranbrook Nr Exeter, Devon.
http://www.star-ref.co.uk/star/star-renewable-energy-secures-order-to-supply-uk-first-renewable-heat-network.htmlhttp://www.exeter.ac.uk/news/research/title_431154_en.htmlhttp://www.exeterandeastdevon.gov.uk/Cranbrook/
www.cibse.org/codeswww.heatpumps.org.uk/www.gshp.org.uk/Codes_of_Practice.html
Thank you
Nic Wincott
Lead Author - SWSHP Code of Practice
UK Coordinator – Neoenergy Ltd.