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Page 1: No. 22,p.++ +2 · * ** Janya SANG ARUN*** * E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field Takashi UENO*,Machito MIHARA**,Janya SANG ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

���������� �����

����*�����**�Janya SANG�ARUN***��� ��*

E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field

Takashi UENO*, Machito MIHARA**, Janya SANG�ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

* Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, -�/�2 Saiwaiocho Fuchuoshi Tokyo, Japan

** Tokyo University of Agriculture, +�+�+ Sakuragaoka Setagayaoku Tokyo, Japan

*** Mae Fah Luang University, --- Moo. +. Tasud subodistrict, Muang district,

Chiang Rai, Thailand

Abstract

The e#ect of grass strips on the reduction of sediment and eutrophic salt loads is been widely

recognized. However, there is very little knowledge of the e#ect of grass strips on the reduction

of sediment and eutrophic salt losses. Attention was hence focused on the investigation of what

grass strips should be managed.

Soil suspension was supplied to the experimental plots under simulated rainfall. During the

experiment, surface discharge and sediment concentration were measured. In order to observe

the e#ect of grass strips on the reduction of sediment loss, the di#erence between the amounts of

sediment supplied and sediment loss was investigated in each plot.

While the sediment concentration and load from the bare upland field exceeded the concentra-

tion and load of the soil suspension supplied, the sediment concentration and load from all the

grass strips were lower than the concentration and load of the supplied soil suspension. The

di#erence between the sediment supplied and the sediment loss from the cutting weeds plot for

pest control was approximately equivalent to that of the plot with the natural weeds. Therefore,

it was concluded that cutting weeds for pest control can be applied to the grass strip for reduction

of the sediment loss. There was little di#erence between the reduction of the sediment loss from

the plot with 2** stems/m, and that from the plot with +,.2* stems/m, of Tall Fescue (F.

arundinacea). However the plot with ,,--* stems/m, of Tall Fescue was e#ective for the reduc-

tion of sediment loss comparing with 2** stems/m, and +,.2* stems/m,. It suggests that stem

density for grass strips should be maintain ,,--* stems/m, to control soil loss from upland field.

Key words : Grass strips, Sediment loss , Surface runo#, Upland

+� � � � �

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����JU56V%0WX34'56 =YZ( +33/(Dalton�( +330>7 [\&( ]�^5)*+_`+a_���bc`d%efgh_ij( )*+��k_���lmJ�6��n���0o�%34'567"p( "q]�)*+a_���Bbcr6stu!34'567 vFw 0* m�x�CDJ�5'( yzkJ +* m]�{|+B,-r6V%J�}~����

J. Jpn. Soc. Soil Phys.

���/�No. 22, p. ++�+2 �,**+�

*������ �+2-�2/*3 ����� -�/�2( **������������k �+/0�2/*, ������ +�+�+(***����@�������k =���>�� : )*+( ��n(  F�¡¢( x�

Page 2: No. 22,p.++ +2 · * ** Janya SANG ARUN*** * E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field Takashi UENO*,Machito MIHARA**,Janya SANG ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

�� ,-�� ���������������� �.1� ��� 0� ������������ �Uusi�Kamppa and Ylaranta, +33,�� ���� -1m������� �� � ..- m�� 2./ m���!�"#�$%&���'� ()��*����� /*�+,�-.� ������/������0�-.��������% �Parsons1� +33.�� &�1�23�'� 45678��9:�"#�$%&�;� 9:�������<���=�>������%?�@�A�����1�&�1�23;�'BCDE���F�9:�������G�"�H���IJ�KE�� �Ghadiri1� ,***�� 9:�� ,* cm��� .* cm��LM9:��" ��NO9:� �1���� IJPQ�����9:����NO9:��,�!��<�"R�S1��0��� 9:��; �<�"R�T�UVFDW������%�#�W��%� 9:���� X�� !:��� Y$Z[� G�� ()PQ� 9:\�]^_%`�&�ab�'c�de$%�fH1�%�g� �1F%23�(����'� �<����)hF9:��i'*�j$%23 k�C��lD'��H%� ��� ��<�mno+����� �����pq���_%`,�rF1s,tr`,��u%���� ���-�����p.$%&��/1D�����' �vw� ,0� +333�� �<���xy�=�>��-����������0)h;B%&�0A����%�z{|1F23���� }~4���c!�5��67$%�g� }~4��"LM9:��.�8�.� �<���=�>����xy�)h9 $%���:;�%� .D.� }~4���67.�c! ;~<�=�">H%?�@��u%:A����B����FW�'� ��,�CD0:�%�g� !�'&�c!Y$�.l.lEF�F% �!G1� +33.�� .��W�� LMZH�9:��rF1s!�'&�Y$�KE��9:���%�<�����"I�%� �F;B%���� �<����)hF9:��!:���i'*�j.� ���F�ZH�B%� G���-�mnJ

�"KL�.��M!3;B'� NO�'���<mnP�&��� �1���%768���� �F. ar-

undinacea� &�QR�S�W� � TXO��u%/U34���� +*** stems/m,+������% �;��V����� +33*� �� ��.��<����)hF9:��!:������C�� ����W$%EF�B%�323; NO()PQ�;9:����<_%`"�R��%IJ"K�� X���@P�&"KL�.�9:Y$�9:���%�<��� ��>H%de"�W.�� XY�!:���¡F%768����9:�" ��� �������Z.�9:��!:��"�W.��

,� � � � �

323�IJ [¢;�.£\���NO()#]"]H�G�^¤¥J_" ��KW��¦§�+�¨©�' Plot �ª�;B%� Plot � *./m� � ,m� G�«� +0¬;B'� `­b®ab¯c;°�.��-±�"²� *.,m;³�.�� ³��<��@ LiC�´d�� +..*�;BW� �-�+�� Plot � e�ZH"µ¶.� Plot ���� Plot � �<"³�· -¸¹º4�.�� c!"67���LM9: Plot�.�� ��� -¸¹º�4�·� Plot ��9:"�-�D1 +*

���+ NO()»��¥J_Photo. + Simulated rainfall system and experi-

mental plots.

��+ �<�<$@Table + Physical properties of soil

Specificgravity

Particle size distribution* (�)Dispersionratio (�)

Ignitionloss (�)

Soiltexture

Gravel Coarse sand Fine sand Silt Clay

,40* *4* 241 -*40 ,/40 -/4+ 14* +.4* LiC

* International methods.

�<�<$@ X 22¼ �,**+�12

Page 3: No. 22,p.++ +2 · * ** Janya SANG ARUN*** * E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field Takashi UENO*,Machito MIHARA**,Janya SANG ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

cm�������� � Plot�� ����� Plot���������������� !"#�$%���& Plot�'(")�*+,-./0 1rd)� 23,%

4'5�63/0�7�,�8��� & Plot9,*+,-./0 *.2,�*.21 1g/cm-: ,;<9�=>�� &Plot�'?@ +** cm,AB9,63/0CD� +*EFGH?� 3/�,IJAK�'("LMN�63/0O�

��, PQR,23'5�STUVTable , Vegetation and management in plots

Plot Vegetation (scientific name) rd(g/cm-)

Density of stems (W+)(stems/m,)

Management

Plot I

Plot II

Plot III

Plot IV

Plot V

Plot VI

None

Weed (10� with Setaria viridis)

Weed (2-� with Setaria viridis)

Tall Fescue (F. arundinacea)

Tall Fescue (F. arundinacea)

Tall Fescue (F. arundinacea)

*42-

*421

*42-

*42,

*42.

*42-

X,5.2* 1,5//*:,5-2* 1,52.*:

2**

+5.2*

,5--*

Bare

Cutting

None

None

None

None

W+ : , weeks after the cutting weed of plot II.

��+ YZ[\]^_�'("`a7bcde#'5�cf*# 1gh23 Plot �����i:

Fig. + Changes in cumulative surface runo#

and soil loss under simulated rainfall

(before the cutting weed in plot II).

��, YZ[\]^_�'("`a7bcde#'5�cf*# 1gh23 Plot �����jk:

Fig. , Changes in cumulative surface runo#

and soil loss under simulated rainfall

(just after the cutting weed in plot II).

lm : 23n�o?�pq*+,c�rstu 13

Page 4: No. 22,p.++ +2 · * ** Janya SANG ARUN*** * E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field Takashi UENO*,Machito MIHARA**,Janya SANG ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

�� ���� Plots �� ����� ������/������������� �� Plot � �� Plot

�� �!"#�$�%&'()*+, -Setaria

viridis. /0110�� 2-��23456��� Plots �������789:5;<=>� ��01,.2*

stems/m,� ,-2* stems/m,�%?�/� 789: ,@AB� ��� Plot ��� ,//* stems/m,�C�DEFGH�� Plot ��� ,2.* stems/m,�IJK�� L��� 789:��8 Plot �� M&���NO/�PQ�����RS�&�TUVWXYZ5[\K� Plots �� �� �����]�^� 2** stems/m,� +.2* stems/m,� ,--*

stems/m,�%?�� [\_� ��`��Q�&a�b�c�bd/ +*** stems/m,e��%&L�f��Plot �/[\_� M&�8ghi�j�k5llmn8� Plots �� �/j�k5on?��&L�/Sf

&�0 Plot� M&pq��4�5 ,.rAs���K�B� .2 mm/h�tuv�� -*4A�w_tuxy5;�� zg�{��� �|p�� }~����5��K��w_tu������5 + mS/cm�m���K��!����;?�� Q�������&pq����5��&��� .2 mm/h�w_tu��m�� tu�� +/

4��B�8tu���� +/4A� Plot�o�f�pq���5 *.*- dm-/s���QH�zg�{����|p�� }~����5��K�� pq����� Plot����pq�� ¡¢p�£�5J¤�¥4���K���¦�5x�K�B��� ��� §�K¨/����5©ªK���¦�5«��h?�� ��¦� �������m��� USLE`�¬y� M& +331­0®�¯°r�±²³��´µ -Mihara� ,**+. �j¶

��- w_tu��m� M&�·zg�{�� ���|p� -���� Plot �789: ,

@AB.Fig. - Changes in cumulative surface runo#

and soil loss under simulated rainfall (,

weeks after the cutting weed in plot II).

��. w_tu��m��pq����©ª�¸<�·zg�{�� ���|p� -����Plot �789:=B.

Fig. . Changes in cumulative surface runo#

and soil loss under simulated rainfall

with additional suspended water supply

(just after the cutting weed in plot II).

pq�¹�º » 22¼ -,**+.14

Page 5: No. 22,p.++ +2 · * ** Janya SANG ARUN*** * E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field Takashi UENO*,Machito MIHARA**,Janya SANG ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

������ ���� ������� +1,0**�,+,-** g/m-���������

-� �����

+� �� !"#$%&'(�)�*+,- Plot �.�� ! Plots �� ��/012345#$%&67�89:��)':;<�+�-#=���,- Plot �#$%&��6=��)':��� !Plots �� �#>?�@�AB��;=��� CD�67�89:$EF�)':G Plot �H Plots �� �;IJAKL���M���� ! Plot �#$��� NOPQ ,RST���6=��)':�UVWS 3/��XY�H -/- g/m-��O� Plot ��XY� ,*0 g/m-

.�Z�,- Plot ��XY� /,.+ g/m-.>?&.[

.\]^�._`�J��Plot �#$%& !�NOPQaT$EF ,RST

#$��� /012345�'(� 9;����b��c#$%&67�89:� �)':;<�.� /#=��� ,- Plot �#$%&��6=��)':���� ! Plots �� �#>?�@�AB��;=�� ���'(� 9�� 9��;KL��� bd��Plot�Kefg���� 9��5#EO,-W�hiH!j��k.lmgd&� �f�� �� !Plots �� �#$���� '(� 9��5#n��)':����Kop&G��� ���� 9��;5L��� E��� !"#EO��� 9q�'(Hrsd�._`�J�� M�� CD��)':�� �� ! Plot ��NOPQaT$EF ,RST#$��� Plots �� �.G#,- Plot �;IJA5L���t�c345#$��� �� !"�NOPQ�uv#

��/ /012345��'(� 9�wx#nyCD67�89:$EF�)': z�� !Plot �NOPQ ,RST�

Fig. / Changes in cumulative surface runo#

and soil loss under simulated rainfall

with additional suspended water supply

(, weeks after the cutting weed in plot

II).

��0 /012345#$%&CD67�89:$EF�)': z{|}~����

Fig. 0 Changes in cumulative surface runo#

and soil loss under simulated rainfall

(Tall Fescue).

�� : !";����-'(�����*+ 15

Page 6: No. 22,p.++ +2 · * ** Janya SANG ARUN*** * E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field Takashi UENO*,Machito MIHARA**,Janya SANG ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

���������� �������������� ����� +* cm����� ��� ���!"#$������ �%&�'��()*+,

,- .�/0�12�3456789���� :�;<�=>.�/0�12�3456789���� ��� ?@ABCD EFABGHI��JKL�;MCD!NO+ PQ�0� 1-,

Plots � P2** stems/m,-� � P+.2* stems/m,-� �P,--* stems/m,- �?@ABR� :�S0�T�;<UV� WXYZ 3/���[\�]^0,/ g/m-� 0.. g/

m-� +/- g/m-�'O+, �_L` /��V Plot ��Plot ���Z��_aVbc�d2�O+�� .�/0 ,--* stems/m,� Plot �� :�;<UV� Plot

� EF Plot ���Z��_L` /���_a�bc�d+, �����Ee� Plot �� :�S0�T�;<U�f� Plot!ghiIj������O+ PQ�0-, �+� ABGHI�JKL!;M�k+CD� ��V� JKL�;M�lO�ABmnEe +2

opqr�;<U�st*+, Plots �� �� :�S0�T�;<UV�_L` /���_a�bc�d2�O+��u*�� Plot ��V Plots �� ���_a�bc�d+, .�/0 2** stems/m,v,--* stems/

m,� Plots �v�� :�S0�T�;<UV� ;M�k+JKLS0!ghiIjO+����� wx@� :��e�yz�{`�'� +*** stems/m,

|0�.�/0����V;<�� ����'e������CDGH�V� ,--* stems/m,|0�.�/0!st�k����� }!~��d�����h+,

��1 ?@ABGHI��JKL����l�����;�LU EF;<U P3456789-

Fig. 1 Changes in cumulative surface runo#

and soil loss under simulated rainfall

with additional suspended water supply

(Tall Fescue).

��2 ���� Plot II�e���r� :�a*�h;<U

Fig. 2 Comparison between amount of soil

supplied and of soil loss under simu-

lated rainfall with additional suspended

water supply (just after the cutting

weed in plot II).

���� � 22� P,**+-16

Page 7: No. 22,p.++ +2 · * ** Janya SANG ARUN*** * E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field Takashi UENO*,Machito MIHARA**,Janya SANG ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

-� ��������� ��������������������

! Plot"#$%��� &L,� "#��������'()*�� &L+� +����,-+������� &L,�L+� ./0� ! Plot��1(�������+2�23+* �4�,52�2 �4�,67 89 Plot �����:����

���; 1+3 g/m, .<�=>-+.7 89?@�:���;ABC(DEF.��G�,5 H, IJKLM &Plot �� �'NO7PQRS+TU,KLM&Plot �� ����: �������;!VW/02

g/m, W/3*g/m,�X7 ��YZ[�\.]^�;_= .`�abF.��G=c.;d"U,5 efghijkKLM�X( Plots � &2** stems/m,� �&+.2* stems/m,� ����: �������:.`�W0,,g/m, �XU,; l`mLnop� Plot �

&,--* stems/m,� �������:W00. g/m, �X7 Plots � ���q�'7r-;<�"U,5cc."# st�uv�X( +*** stems/m,wo'7`st+Ax� mLno ,--* stems/m,wopno�efghijk+yzC(. ���YZ�{|�X(.}~��,5

.� � � � �

c�H� �9"#�EC(��YZ�{|_KLM�7�:����q#���_�5 �c� ����:�������+��.�,�mO7PQ;KLM�'(��YZ�[���(��+�q(,� ���F���+��� ������������+Plot� "#)*� ¡¢�£��'N���+¤/�,5 9¡¢'7 +* cmp¥��mO7PQ+TU,KLM�'N¦O7PQKLM�: Plot"#���. Plot� "#����'7)*�,�

��3 IJKL Plot IIO7PQ , §¨©��1(�������

Fig. 3 Comparison between amount of soil

supplied and of soil loss under simu-

lated rainfall with additional suspended

water supply (, weeks after the cutting

weed in plot II).

��+* efghijkKLM��1(�������

Fig. +* Comparison between amount of soil

supplied and of soil loss under simu-

lated rainfall with additional suspended

water supply (Tall Fescue).

ª« : KLM+��,¬9���Er­®¯ 17

Page 8: No. 22,p.++ +2 · * ** Janya SANG ARUN*** * E#ect of Grass Strips on Reduction of Sediment Loss from Upland Field Takashi UENO*,Machito MIHARA**,Janya SANG ARUN*** and Yukiko DOKIYA*

�������������� ��� �������������� �� Plot����������� ���!"# $"� %&'(����)����� ����� ��*+��� ��,-��.�/�0��� %&'(����)����� �1�23�4�567!�89��"# :�+�;<)&� =>?��@A"BCD�E!F.� �G�HI��J�K��*A"#LM�� ���N�O�"BCD�>CP�QR�S�T"U� >CP�V7WXYZ[\]��!F����� ��^!F_-"# >CP�2**`,--* stems/m,�ab"T-F� Plot�EcdP�e��� ��� �f�g" �hijdP����klA"# �+�� >CP 2** stems/m,E)m+.1* stems/m,� Plot��dP�e��� �� ����� ��.��n��o+�7*A"�� ,--*

stems/m,�BCD�EcdP� 2** stems/m,E)m +.2* stems/m,�BCD)&p�� ����� ��E!F.)&������:���*A"#:�+�;<)&� qrs�Ec�& �t�QR�K +*** stems/m,uP�>CP�BCD��� ��N��J�K&� �+� ,--* stems/m,uP�>CP�vw�g:���Nx�yz+�:���*A"#

� � � �

Dalton, P.A., Smith, R.J. and Truong, P.N.V. (+330) :

Vetiver grass hedges for erosion control on a

cropped flood plain : hedge hydraulics, Agricul-

tural Water Management, -+ : 3+�+*..

Ghadiri, H., Hogarth, B. and Rose, C. (,***) : The e#ec-

tiveness of grass strips for the control of sedi-

ment and associated pollutant transport in

runo#, The Role of Erosion and Sediment Trans-

port in Nutrient and Contaminant Transfer, pp.

2-�3+, International Association of Hydrological

Science Press, U.K..

Mihara, M. (,**+) : Nitrogen and phosphorus losses

due to soil erosion during a typhoon, Japan,

Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research,

12 (,) : ,*3�,+0.

Uusi�Kamppa, J. and Ylaranta, T. (+33,) : Reduction

of sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen transport

on vegetated bu#er strips, Agric.Sci.Finl. + : /03�/1/.

Parsons, J.E., Gilliam, J.W., Mun`oz�Carpena, R.,

Daniels, R.B. and Dillaha, T.A. (+33.) : Nutrient

and sediment removal by grass and riparian

bu#ers, Environmentally sound agriculture pro-

ceedings of the second conference : +.1�+/..

>{|}�~���������� �+33.� : =>?������]� pp. +/�,3� ����� ���

���� �+33/� : �� ����� E)m� ���"U���>r���� ������ 1+ : -1�.*.

�� � �¡¢� �+33*� : �& �ts� a£�¤s�¥��� pp. +30�+32� ��¦§¨©¡¢� ���

ª«¬­®�y�¯° �+333� : ���Ec ����±²E)m³��´�� � � �� �µ¢�¨¶� ,** : 1�+..

·¸¹º» : ,***¹ 3º +-»·�¹º» : ,**+¹ -º ,-»

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