Nonverbal Messages: Body
& Sound
Chapter 6
Nonverbal Communication
• Massages expressed by other than linguistic means
Kinesics- Body Positions and Motion
Body Orientation PostureGestures
I. Body Communication
Emblems IllustratorsAffect Displays
RegulatorsAdaptors
• Body Orientation: The degree to which we face toward or away from someone during communication.
• Posture: The alignment of or bodies
• Gestures: The movement of the arms and hands
• Emblems
are a nonverbal substitute for the verbal message
• Deliberate nonverbal behaviors that have a very precise meaning, known to everyone within a group.
Illustrators visually demonstrate & accompany
the verbal message
The fish was this big
Affect Displays any emotional response
Regulators group of behaviors that encourage or
discourage communication
Adaptors satisfy some need
Facial Communication the communication of emotions• A. Face Management
– Intensifying = exaggerate expression.– De-intensifying = to underplay an expression– Neutralizing = to hide any expression of
feelings– Masking = to replace one expression with
another
Eye Communication
Functions of Eye Contact1. seek feedback2. regulate the flow of
communication3. signal the nature of the
relationship
a. duration & quality
b. visual dominance
= aggressive stare
c. Eye Avoidance
Paralanguagethe vocal, but nonverbal, dimension of speech. Refers to the manner in which you say something rather than what you say
• A. Rate
• B. Volume
• C. Pitch
• D. Rhythm
• E. Silence
• F. Disfluencies
• I need this job done right now.
• I need this job done right now.
• I need this job done right now.
• I need this job done right now.
I. Spatial Messages
• A. Edward T. Hall’s 4 Spatial Distances
Intimate Personal
SocialPublic
1. Intimate: 0 - 18”
2. Personal: 18” - 4’
3. Social: 4’ -12’
4. Public: 12-25’
B. Theories About Space
• 1. Protection Theory = you establish a body buffer zone around yourself as protection against unwanted touching or attack
• 2. Equilibrium Theory = intimacy and distance vary together
Territoriality = possessive reaction to objects/area
• A. Home Field Advantage
• B. Markers
1. central = place items in the middle to show ownership
2. boundary = separates your territory from another
3. ear marker = identifying mark of property
III. Artifacts = messages conveyed by objects that were
made by human hands
• A. Space Decoration
• B. Color Communication
• C. Clothing & Body Adornment
D. Scent (Olfactics)
• 1. Attraction
• 2. Taste
• 3. Memory
• 4. Identification
III. Temporal Communication (Chronemics)
A. Cultural Time
1. formal time = manner in which culture defines time
2. informal time = loose use of time terms
B. Monochronism & Polychronism
• 1. monochronic (M-time) = value punctuality, one event at a time
• 2. polychronic (P-time) =process is more important than the schedule
a. do not value punctuality
b. do many events at once
C. Psychological Time = emphasis on past, present, or future
1. developed by your culture (SES, frame
of reference)