NORDUnet: 30.09.2000 Hannu H. Kari/HUT/CS/TML Page 1/22
Mobility in the Wireless and Wired World
Hannu H. KARIHelsinki University of Technology (HUT)
professor/TML-laboratory/CS/HUT director/TOTI-Institute/HUT
[email protected], http://www.tcm.hut.fi/~hhk
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Agenda
1. Telecom vs. datacom views 2. Wired/wireless access3. Mobility in IP world4. Mobile applications5. Mobile services6. Future interests7. Conclusions8. More information
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1. Telecom view
GSM
WAPGPRS
UMTS
SMS
Video
Multimedia
Voice
Mobilephone
Internet
E-commerce
banking
Coke, parking
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1. Datacom view
Mobility
Ethernet GPRS
Security
WEB Video MultimediaVoice
IPWLANToken Ring
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1. Datacom view
Ethernet GPRS
WEB Video MultimediaVoice
IP
WLANToken Ring
Mobility Security
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2. Wired/wireless access
Fast development of IP based fixed local networks 10 Mbps -> 100 Mbps -> 1 Gbps -> …
All that in just few years! And what has happened in telecom world?
Wireless transmission follows the development of wired networks … but wired communication has been always 10…
100x faster than wireless Enhancements on wireless communication
WLAN speed went up 2 Mbps => 11 Mbps in just two years, 100 Mbps is coming
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2. Wired/wireless capacity
0.1m 1m 10m 100m 1km 10km 100km
Mobile’s distance
1kbps
10kbps
100kbps
1Mbps
10Mbps
100Mbps
1Gbps
Max
tran
sfer
spe
ed
Fixed
WLAN
Telecom
Satellite
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2.1. Wireless access: Hot/warm/cold/frozen spots
• Not all areas are covered with same unwired communication capacity• Distance from the wireless access point• Used frequency• Number of other users in the area• Indoors/outdoors• Popularity of the area (city/rural)• …
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2.1. Wireless access: Hot/warm/cold/frozen spots
• Users/applications will see various capacities• Indoors
• (tens of) megabits/s
• Outdoors• City: tens/hundreds of kilobits/s• Rural: (tens of) kilobits/s• Very remote areas (oceans, forest, …): few bits/s
• Some places• No capacity at all
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2.1. Wireless access: Hot/warm/cold/frozen spots
cold
warm
hot
frozen
user’stravelpath
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3. Mobility in IP world
• Mobility levels• Macro/Micro/Nano mobility
• Standard Mobile IP• Originally intended for infrequent mobility• Slow change between access points• All updates go all the way to home (HA)
• Hierarchical Mobile IP• Dynamics, HUT Mobile IP -project
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3.1 Mobility levels
• Macro mobility• Mobility between organizations or technologies
• E.g., from GPRS to WLAN network
• Micro mobility• Mobility within an organization between access
points• E.g., from one WLAN access point to another
• Nano mobility (Term introduced by HUT/MART-project)• Mobility within an access point
• E.g., from direct access with access point to access via a repeater link
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3.2 Mobility levels:Macro mobility
Internet
Home
Organization 1 Organization 2
Correspondinghost
Same route
Encapsulated, alternative routes
Mobilenode
Mobilenode
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3.3 Mobility levels:Micro mobility
Internet
Home
Organization 1 Organization 2
Correspondinghost
Mobilenode
Mobilenode
Same route
Encapsulated, alternative routes
Encapsulated, alternative routes
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3.4 Mobility levels:Nano mobility
Internet
Home
Organization 1 Organization 2
Correspondinghost
Mobilenode
Mobilenode
Same route
Encapsulated, alternative routes
Encapsulated, alternative routes
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3.5 Standard Mobile IP
Traditional Mobile IP Updates always the home agent
Internet
HA
FA FA
MN
FA FAFA FA
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3.6 Hierarchical mobility
Enhanced, hierarchical Mobile IP Updates only up to the level needed
Internet
HA
FA FA
MN
FA FAFA FA
FA
FA
FA FA
FA FA
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
4
4
4
5
5
6
6
7
7
7
8
8
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4. Mobile applications
• Impacts of mobility on applications• Adjust applications to available capacity
• E.g., change video coding
• Activate/deactivate applications according to available capacity
• E.g., download emails when enough capacity
• Take into consideration also the cost of transmission
• E.g., wait for low cost service or change the place to get cheap access
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5. Mobile services
• Pull-type services• Email, WWW, …
• Push-type services• News, stock info, weather, road info, …
• Location based information• Services using location knowledge• Local advertisements, services, attractions
• Services using spare time of the user• Games, entertainment, virtual tags
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6. Future interests
• Applications/services coping with• Variable
• bandwidth, transfer delay, processing capacity, terminal capabilities, transfer cost, temporary coverageloss, …
• Different • terminal types, operating systems, manufacturers,
radio protocols, …
• Applications/services must be• configurable, self-learning, adaptable,
scaleable
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7. Conclusions
IP rules! Wired and wireless world will be integrated Mobility comes everywhere
Multiple radio standards, low cost radios Common nominator of all systems is IP
Common everyday technologies in the near future Transmission (IP), security (data protection,
authetication, e-commerce), mobility (ubicomp) Future focus on
Service platforms, content, user aspects, usability, AND control of digital information
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8. More information
http://www.cs.hut.fi/TOTI http://www.cs.hut.fi/Research/Dynamics/
http://www.mediapoli.com/ http://www.otaverkko.fi/