Nutrients their cycling and upwelling
bull Nitrogen cyclingndash Living is easy when there is upwelling ndash But when the going gets toughhellip cycle
bull Silica is THE upwelling nutrient ndash Has a deep ocean cycle
Taking the story from the oligotrophic to eutrophic systems
Biolimiting constituents (aka nutrients)
Nitrate (NO3-) Does not limit growth of bluegreen algae
(cyanobacteria) they fix nitrogenSilicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
Phosphate (HPO4=) the ultimate limiting nutrient for plant growth
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Nutrient distribution varies among oceans
bullMixed layer is deeper in Atlantic than in PacificbullRemineralized nutrients accumulate in deep water transported by ocean conveyer belt
Light and nutrients
determine where the productivity
is
Seasonal evolution of mixed layer (physics) sets up the annual cycle of the biologyhellip
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Productivity follows the nutrient availability
Oligotrophic ocean
bull The nutrient point of view
bull The underlying chemistrybull The controlling chemistry
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Biolimiting constituents (aka nutrients)
Nitrate (NO3-) Does not limit growth of bluegreen algae
(cyanobacteria) they fix nitrogenSilicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
Phosphate (HPO4=) the ultimate limiting nutrient for plant growth
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Nutrient distribution varies among oceans
bullMixed layer is deeper in Atlantic than in PacificbullRemineralized nutrients accumulate in deep water transported by ocean conveyer belt
Light and nutrients
determine where the productivity
is
Seasonal evolution of mixed layer (physics) sets up the annual cycle of the biologyhellip
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Productivity follows the nutrient availability
Oligotrophic ocean
bull The nutrient point of view
bull The underlying chemistrybull The controlling chemistry
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Nutrient distribution varies among oceans
bullMixed layer is deeper in Atlantic than in PacificbullRemineralized nutrients accumulate in deep water transported by ocean conveyer belt
Light and nutrients
determine where the productivity
is
Seasonal evolution of mixed layer (physics) sets up the annual cycle of the biologyhellip
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Productivity follows the nutrient availability
Oligotrophic ocean
bull The nutrient point of view
bull The underlying chemistrybull The controlling chemistry
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Nutrient distribution varies among oceans
bullMixed layer is deeper in Atlantic than in PacificbullRemineralized nutrients accumulate in deep water transported by ocean conveyer belt
Light and nutrients
determine where the productivity
is
Seasonal evolution of mixed layer (physics) sets up the annual cycle of the biologyhellip
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Productivity follows the nutrient availability
Oligotrophic ocean
bull The nutrient point of view
bull The underlying chemistrybull The controlling chemistry
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Light and nutrients
determine where the productivity
is
Seasonal evolution of mixed layer (physics) sets up the annual cycle of the biologyhellip
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Productivity follows the nutrient availability
Oligotrophic ocean
bull The nutrient point of view
bull The underlying chemistrybull The controlling chemistry
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Seasonal evolution of mixed layer (physics) sets up the annual cycle of the biologyhellip
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Productivity follows the nutrient availability
Oligotrophic ocean
bull The nutrient point of view
bull The underlying chemistrybull The controlling chemistry
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Productivity follows the nutrient availability
Oligotrophic ocean
bull The nutrient point of view
bull The underlying chemistrybull The controlling chemistry
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Oligotrophic ocean
bull The nutrient point of view
bull The underlying chemistrybull The controlling chemistry
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
New versus regenerated production
Lalli and Parsons
Note the biggest arrow is upwelled NO3
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
Biopump of nitrogen in the ocean
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Nitrogen limitation and low oxygen
bull ldquoLeaksrdquo in the simple nutrient storybull Nitrogen fixation uArrbull Denitrification dArr
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The simple Nitrogen cycle
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Different oxidation states of nitrogen
Libes 1992
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The Nitrogen cycle- reality
+V
+III -III
0
-III
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
PhytoplanktonZooplankton
NutrientsR
elat
ive
incr
ease
Mixing MixingStratified
Light Temperature
Spring bloom
Fall mini-bloom
Annual Stratification sequence
Recycling of nutrients at itrsquos peakhellip and nutrients at a minimum productivity slows down respiration picks uphellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when nutrients are low the saviors come along
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Cycling of nitrogen in the ocean
Uptake and use is the dominant parthellip
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The Nitrogen cyclehellip when things get tough
Anaerobic Energy intensiveThe spoilers The saviors
You see the other half of the cycle
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Low oxygen and the
ldquospoilersrdquo ΣCO2
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the spoilers
Anaerobic respiration
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The Nitrogen cyclehellip the whole story
Anaerobic respiration
Energy intensive
+V
+III -III
0
-III
Lost to the system Input to the
system
Input to the system
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The Marine nitrogen cycleAerobic versus anaerobic
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The Eutrophic ocean
bull In the open ocean upwelling is the eutrophicendmember
bull The ecosystem is different and so is the controlling nutrient
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
nutrients become fully depleted during stratification
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Hydrocast gear
Niskin bottle ldquorosetterdquo with 36 bottles for collecting sub-surface water
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Deploying the CTD
CTD preparation and deployment at nighthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=wO_Dh97v4QM
CTD Rosette System Deployment and Retrievalhttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=f_SHCc5Ton4
Underwater view of a CTD casthttpswwwyoutubecomwatchv=LEn2qxSrPm0
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Rigging the bottles
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Water sampling
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Drawing samples from the bottles
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Processing the samples
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Siliceous plankton make siliceous oozesDiatoms
Shells are composed of silicon (Si)- (glass)
Form silica deposits on ocean floor (siliceous ooze)radiolaria
silicoflagellates
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Vertical distribution of nutrients
Libes 1992
nitrate 10-6 molliterPhosphate 10-6 molliter silicate 10-6 molliter
In upwelling zonesduring upwelling phosphorous and nitrate are generally not fully depleted
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The silica cycle (global view)
Silica is undersaturated and dissolveshellip it only forms deposits under major productivity areas
Biological fixation and bio-pump sinking
Siliceous sediments
Upwelling of silica rich water
Enhanced Diatom growth
( Siliceous based productivity)
River input
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The biological pumphellip Not only controls carbon but the nutrients including silica
Silica Siliceous sediments
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
The conveyor belt circulation
And thermohaline circulation moves through the systemhellip
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Horizontal distribution of Silicate
We see a dramatic difference in distribution between the Atlantic and the Pacific
Emerson and Hedges (2008)
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Silica the upwelling nutrient
Silicate (H2SiO4) Limits the growth of diatoms
SiO2 (Silica) is an important nutrient only for diatoms
Upwelling zones are areas with high diatom productivity because silica is plentiful
This is because silica from deep water is upwelled there
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Coastal Upwelling zones in the world ocean
Mann and Lazire
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Open ocean zones of upwelling hellip
Mann and Lazire
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Distribution of siliceous sediments
Distribution of siliceous sediments largely aligns with upwelling zones
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Silica cycling in an upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34Diatoms die and the
silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water locally and can enhance its silica content
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Silica cycling in a coastal upwelling zone
Dissolved silica is present in deep waters
Silica is fixed in the mixed layer
Silica upwells
1
2
34
Diatoms die and the silica tests sink to the sediments while dissolving and may begin to release SiO2
5 Silica dissolves in the sediments releasing SiO2 to the overlying water
This replenishes the SiO2 content of the water and can enhance its silica content
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Siliceous phyto planktonDiatoms radiolarians silicoflagellates
Diatoms - plants
Cell walls are composed of silicon (Si)- essentially glass
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
Fixed this lecture
bull Fix this lecturebull The video is broken find a new onebull The Silica portion needs revision so that it
goes logically through global and then to local coastal upwelling rather than back and forth
