Offshore Wind Farms
07 04 2014
An overview…
UE VISION FOR 2020
+20 % energetic efficiency
-20 % greenhouse gas emissions
20 % of energy from renewable source
Power Mix UE
Renowable
19.0%
Nuclear14.0%
coal12.0%
Oil33.0%
Gas22.0%
Renowable10.0%
Nuclear14.0%
coal17.0%
Oil35.0%
Gas24.0%
2011
2030 (Forecast)
- Annual UE electricity consumption = 3,280 TWh .- Wind power was about 6% (200 TWh) in 2011- Now (end of 2013) it is 8% (257 TWh).
Wind energy in EU
19962000
20042008
20120
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Cumulative wind power capacity (1996 - 2013)
GW
Wind32%
PV31%
Gas21%
Coal
5%
Other10%
2013 power installation
Total power installed : 35 GWWind power installed : 11.2 GW(7 large nuclear power plant)2013 : 117 GW of wind power
Advantage of offshore wind farm
More powerful winds, more predictability, less turbulence.
Offshore wind blow 40% more often
Lower environmental impact: view and noise
1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2011 20130
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Cumulative and annual offshore wind power capacity (1996 - 2013)
MW
Power installed in 2012 = 1.6 GW (1/7 of annual wind power installed ).Annual production of energy in 2013 = 23 TWh (0.7 % of UE cons.)
Wind atlas (open sea)
1 kW/m2 10 m/s
Current commercial substructuresare economically limited to maximum water depths of40m to 50m.
Type of substructure (2013)
Monopile74%
Grav-ity
based foun-dation
16%
Jacket5%
Tripile3%
Other2%
Substructure of offshore wind turbine
Monopile 1376
Gravity based foundation302
Jacket 91
Tripile 47
Tripod 29
N/A 6
Floating 4
Total 1855
Where are offshore wind farms?Country MWUnited Kingdom 3309
Denmark 1271
Netherlands 247
Belgium 195
Sweden 163
Germany 120
Finland 32
Ireland 25
Norway 2.3
Portugal 2
Total: 5368
UK62%
Denmark 24%
Netherlands
5%
Bel-gium4% Other
6%
Wind farms in UE (MW)
London array 1
• Studies start : 2001• Commission year : 2013 (April)• Estimated cost : 2 000 000 000 €
• Location : Thames estuary• Distance from shore : 20 Km• Offshore area : 100 km2
• Operator : DONG ENERGY• Turbine manufacturer : Siemens• Istaller turbines: MPI Offshore A2SEA
Turbine• Rated power pr. Turbine : 3.6 MW• Rated Wind speed : 12.5 m/s• Rotor diameter : 120 m
• Wind Farm power : 630 MW• Number of turbine : 175•Structure type : monopiles
And forecast…
UE challenges for offshore
2012 2015 2020 2030 20500
50100150200250300350400450500
5.4 1540
150
460
Forecast of offshore wind power production
GW
2012 2015 2020 2025 2030
Total wind generation [TWh] 231 331 613 785 1198
Offshore wind generation [TWh] 19.1 50.6 148.2 268 527
Avoided costs [bn €] 9.6 / 22 – 27 / 47 - 51
Avoided costs of fuel from wind power
During 2012 Europe spent €545 billion on importing fossil fuels.
2020
3.4 % electric UE
consumption
2030
14 % electric UE
consumption
2013
0.7 % electric UE
consumption
Wind offshore power devolopement
Future projects in the short term
France wind farms in the year ahead
Tendencies for offshore wind energy in Spain
Spain are financing several R&D project with the objective of developing floating turbine structure for wind power in deep waters (Eolia and Emerge i.e.)
Madrid-based Iberdrola Renewables plans to develop six offshore wind farm projects with an aggregate generation capacity of 3,000 MW at locations off the coasts of the Spanish Atlantic provinces of Cádiz and Huelva and the Mediterranean province of Castellón.
Deep water wind turbines is the future
• Company : Statoil• Manufacturer : Siemens• Type of floater : Spar – buoy• Water depth : 200 m• Turbine capacity: 2.3 MW (prototype) 3-7 MW (commercial)• Mooring : 3 mooring lines • Prototype installed : 2009, West coast of Norway• Commercial installation: 2015 – 2016 • Origin : Norway
Hywind
• Company : Principle power, EDP, Repsol• Manufacturer : Vestas• Type of floater : Semi – Submersible• Water depth : 42 – 53 m • Turbine capacity: 2 MW (prototype) 5-7 MW (commercial)• Mooring : chain and polyester lines• Prototype installed : 2011, Portugal• Commercial installation: 2017• Origin : Portugal
WindFloat
Project for offshore in EU
Spain ; 5
France; 5
Norway ; 4United Kingdom; 3
EU - funded; 3
Other; 7
Reference
• European Wind Energy Association • Lindoe Offshore Renewables Center• www.londonarray.com• EurObserv’ER• Speech of J.M. Barroso (March 22, 2014)• European Offshore Renewable Energy Roadmap• GSE statistic report • Opportunities in Spain’s wind-power sector
(Ministero de Economia y Competitividad )