SARDAR RAJA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING ALANGULAM
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
MICRO LESSON PLAN
SUBJECT NAME : ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I SUBJECT CODE : EC 2205
SEMESTER : III
YEAR : II
STAFF NAME
KALIMUTHU V
AP/ECE DEPT
SUBJECT DESCRIPTION
EC 2205 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I L T P C
3 1 0 4
AIM
The aim of this course is to familiarize the student with the analysis and design of basic
transistor Amplifier circuits and power supplies.
OBJECTIVE
On completion of this course the student will understand The methods of biasing transistors Design of simple amplifier circuits Midband analysis of amplifier circuits using small - signal equivalent circuits to determine gain input impedance and output impedance Method of calculating cutoff frequencies and to determine bandwidth Design of power amplifiers Analysis and design of power supplies.
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman J and Halkias .C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 2007.
2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,
2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 9th
Edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007.
2. David A. Bell, Electronic Devices & Circuits, 4th Ediion, PHI, 2007
3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
4. I.J. Nagrath, Electronic Devices and Circuits, PHI, 2007.
5. Anwar A. Khan and Kanchan K. Dey, A First Course on Electronics, PHI, 2006.
6. B.P. Singh and Rekha Singh, Electronic Devices and Integrated Circuits, Pearson
Education, 2006.
7. Rashid M, Microelectronics Circuits, Thomson Learning, 2007.
EC 2205 ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS I L T P C
3 1 0 4
UNIT I TRANSISTOR BIAS STABILITY 12
BJT – Need for biasing – Stability factor - Fixed bias circuit, Load line and quiescent
point. Variation of quiescent point due to FE h variation within manufacturers tolerance -
Stability factors - Different types of biasing circuits - Method of stabilizing the Q point -
Advantage of Self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing, Bias
compensation – Diode, Thermister and Sensistor compensations, Biasing the FET and
MOSFET.
UNIT II MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 12
CE, CB and CC amplifiers - Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit - Midband
analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and
output impedance - Miller’s theorem - Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and
their uses - Methods of increasing input impedance using Darlington connection and
bootstrapping - CS, CG and CD (FET) amplifiers - Multistage amplifiers.Basic emitter
coupled differential amplifier circuit - Bisection theorem. Differential gain –CMRR - Use
of constant current circuit to improve CMRR - Derivation of transfer characteristic.
UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS 12
General shape of frequency response of amplifiers - Definition of cutoff frequencies and
bandwidth - Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cutoff frequency Hybrid
– π equivalent circuit of BJTs - High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to obtain upper
cutoff frequency – Gain Bandwidth Product - High frequency equivalent circuit of FETs -
High frequency analysis of FET amplifiers - Gain-bandwidth product of FETs - General
expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers - Calculation of overall upper
and lower cutoff frequencies of multistage amplifiers - Amplifier rise time and sag and
their relation to cutoff frequencies.
UNIT IV LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS 12
Classification of amplifiers, Class A large signal amplifiers, second harmonic distortion,
higher order harmonic distortion, transformer-coupled class A audio power amplifier –
efficiency of Class A amplifiers. Class B amplifier – efficiency - push-pull amplifier -
distortion in amplifiers - complementary-symmetry (Class B) push-pull amplifier, Class C,
Class D amplifier – Class S amplifier – MOSFET power amplifier, Thermal stability and
heat sink.
UNIT V RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES 12
Classification of power supplies, Rectifiers - Half-wave, full-wave and bridge rectifiers
with resistive load. Analysis for dc V and ripple voltage with C, L, LC and CLC filters.
Voltage multipliers, Voltage regulators - Zener diode regulator, principles of obtaining a
regulated power supply, regulator with current limiting, Over voltage protection, Switched
mode power supply (SMPS), Power control using SCR.
TUTORIAL = 15 TOTAL : 60 PERIODS
TEXT BOOKS
1. Millman J and Halkias .C., Integrated Electronics, TMH, 2007.
2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,
2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.
REFERENCES
1. Robert L. Boylestad and Louis Nashelsky, Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, 9th
Edition, Pearson Education / PHI, 2007.
2. David A. Bell, Electronic Devices & Circuits, 4th Ediion, PHI, 2007
3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
4. I.J. Nagrath, Electronic Devices and Circuits, PHI, 2007.
5. Anwar A. Khan and Kanchan K. Dey, A First Course on Electronics, PHI, 2006.
6. B.P. Singh and Rekha Singh, Electronic Devices and Integrated Circuits, Pearson
Education, 2006.
7. Rashid M, Microelectronics Circuits, Thomson Learning, 2007.
HOURS
WEEK NO TOPIC
T/RBOOKS
PAGE No.A/V
CLASS
UNIT- I TRANSISTOR BIAS STABILITY
1
I
BJT – Need for biasing – Stability factor
R3,T2
143-144174-176
2Fixed bias circuit, Load line and quiescent point.
146-152
3
Variation of quiescent point due to hFE variation within manufacturers tolerance - Stability factors
T2 180
4Different types of biasing circuits - Method of stabilizing the Q point
T2 181-193
6
II
Advantage of Self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing
T2,R3
193,157-164
7Bias compensation – Diode, Thermister and Sensistor compensations
T2 193-194
8 Biasing the FET and MOSFET T2 213-219 yes
9
III
Tutorial
10 Tutorial
11 Tutorial
12 Revision
UNIT II MIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS
13
IV
CE, CB and CC amplifiers - Method of drawing small-signal equivalent circuit
T2 248-252 yes
14
Midband analysis of various types of single stage amplifiers to obtain gain, input impedance and output impedance
T2 279-284
15 Miller’s theorem R3 520
16Comparison of CB, CE and CC amplifiers and their uses
T2 279-284
17
V
Methods of increasing input impedance using Darlington connection and bootstrapping
R3 550-558
18 CS, CG and CD (FET) amplifiers T2 313-320
19
Multistage amplifiers T2 349-352
20
21Basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit - Bisection theorem
T2 326-329
22
VI
Differential gain – CMRR - Use of constant current circuit to improve CMRR
T2 329-335
23
24 Derivation of transfer characteristic 335-337
25 Tutorial
26 Tutorial
27VII
Tutorial
28 Revision
UNIT III FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS
29
VIII
General shape of frequency response of amplifiers - Definition of cutoff frequencies and bandwidth
T2 389-391
30
Low frequency analysis of amplifiers to obtain lower cutoff frequency
T2 397-401
31 Hybrid -π equivalent circuit of BJTs T2 398
32
High frequency analysis of BJT amplifiers to obtain upper cutoff frequency – Gain Bandwidth Product
T2 403-409
33
IX
High frequency equivalent circuit of FETs - High frequency analysis of FET amplifiers Gain-bandwidth product of FETs
T2 412-417 yes
34
35General expression for frequency response of multistage amplifiers - Calculation of overall upper and lower cutoff frequencies of multistage amplifiers
T2 417-419
36
37
Amplifier rise time and sag and their relation to cutoff frequencies.
R3
38 Tutorial
39
X
Tutorial
40 Tutorial
41 Revision I
42 Revision II
UNIT IV LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS
43
XI
Classification of amplifiers, Class A large signal amplifiers
T2 427-429
44 second harmonic distortion, higher order harmonic distortion
T2 429-43245
46transformer-coupled class A audio power amplifier – efficiency of Class A amplifiers
T2 432-435
47
XII
Class B amplifier – efficiency - push-pull amplifier
T2 436-43948
49distortion in amplifiers - complementary-symmetry (Class B) push-pull amplifier
T2439-441442-443
50Class C, Class D amplifier – Class S amplifier
T2 443-445
51 XIII MOSFET power amplifier T2 445-446 yes
52Thermal stability and heat sink. T2 446-449
5354
XIVRevision I
55 Revision IIUNIT V RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES
56
XV
Classification of power supplies, Rectifiers - Half-wave.
T2617-618619-621
57Full-wave and bridge rectifiers with
resistive load.T2 623-628
58 Analysis for and ripple voltage with C, L, LC and CLC filters
T2 628-63559
60
XVI
Voltage multipliers, Voltage regulators - Zener diode regulator
T2 638-640
61principles of obtaining a regulated
power supplyT2
62regulator with current limiting, Over
voltage protection,T2
63
XVII
Switched mode power supply (SMPS),
T2 654-659 yes6465 Power control using SCR T2 230-23566 Revision
Note:
T2. S. Salivahanan, N. Suresh Kumar and A. Vallavaraj, Electronic Devices and Circuits,
2nd Edition, TMH, 2007.
R3. Floyd, Electronic Devices, Sixth Edition, Pearson Education, 2002.
QUESTION BANKUNIT I
TRANSISTOR BIAS STABILITY PART A (2 Marks)
1. Why do we choose q point at the center of the loadline?
2. Name the two techniques used in the stability of the q point ,explain.
3. Why is the operating point selected at the Centre of the active region?
4. List out the different types of biasing.
5. What do you meant by thermal runway?
6.Why is the transistor called a current controlled device?
7. Define current amplification factor?
8. What are the requirements for biasing circuits?
9. When does a transistor act as a switch?
10. What is biasing?
11. What is operating point?
12. What is stability factor?
13. What is d.c load line?
14. What are the advantages of fixed bias circuit?
15. Explain about the various regions in a transistor?
16. Explain about the characteristics of a transistor?
17. What is the necessary of the coupling capacitor?
18. What is reverse saturation current?
19. Calculate the value of feedback resistor (Rs) required to self bias an N-channel
JFET with IDSS = 40 mA, Vp = -10 v and VGSQ = -5V
20. Draw the fixed bias single stage transistor circuit.
PART B
1. Explain the need for biasing , Stability factor and Fixed bias circuit (16)
2. Explain in detail different types of biasing circuits (16)
3. Explain the advantage of self bias (voltage divider bias) over other types of biasing.(16)
4. Explain the various types of bias compensation techniques. (16)
5. i) Explain biasing of FET (8)
ii) Explain biasing of MOSFET (8)
6. (1) Explain the fixed bias method and derive an expression for the
stability factor.(8)
(2) Discuss the operation of thermistor compensation. (8)
7. Explain the circuit which uses a diode to compensate for changes in
VBE and in ICO.(16)
UNIT IIMIDBAND ANALYSIS OF SMALL SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. What is an amplifier?
2. How are amplifiers classified according to the input?
3. How are amplifiers classified according to the transistor configuration?
4. What is the different analysis available to analyze a transistor?
5. How can a DC equivalent circuit of an amplifier be obtained?
6. How can a AC equivalent circuit of a amplifier be obtained?
7. What is small signal amplifier?
8. Draw the small signal equivalent model or h-parameter model of a transistor.
9. What are the advantages of h-parameter equivalent circuit?
10. Tabulate the h-parameters for all the 3 configurations.
11. What are the steps involved in midband analysis of single stage amplifiers?
12. What is the need to go for simplified hybrid model?
13.What are the techniques available to improve the input impedances?
14. Define CMRR
15. State Miller’s theorem.
16. What is the coupling schemes used in multistage amplifiers?
PART B ( 16 Marks)
1. Explain the AC and DC Analysis of Common Emitter amplifier . (16)
2. Explain the AC and DC Analysis Common Base Amplifier. (16)
3. Explain the AC and DC Analysis Common collector Amplifier. (16)
4. Draw the circuit of a common source FET amplifier & explain its operation? (16)
5. Briefly explain the operation of a Darlington emitter follower and also derive an expression
for its performance measures? (16)
6. What is a differential amplifier? Explain its working in common mode operation. Obtain its
AC equivalent circuit & drive the expression for voltage gain? (16)
7. Draw the circuit diagram of a differential amplifier. Explain the operation in difference mode
and common mode? (16)
8. What are the methods to improve the CMRR of differential amplifier?
Detail any two of them. (16)
9. i) Explain with circuit diagram the boot strapped Darlington emitter follower. (8)
ii) Draw the circuit diagram of self-bias circuit using CE configuration and explain how it
stabilizes operating point. (8)
10.Draw the small signal hybrid model of CE amplifier and derive the expression for its
AI.AV,RI and RO. (16)
UNIT III
FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF AMPLIFIERS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. Draw the general shape of the Frequency response of amplifiers.
2. Define bandwidth.
3. Draw the hybrid _ equivalent circuit of BJTs.
4. Define base spreading resistance (rbb’).
5. Define rise time
6. Give the relationship between rise time and bandwidth.
7. What are high frequency effects?
8. What is the difference in bandwidth between single stage and multistage amplifiers?
9. Give the expressions for gain bandwidth product for voltage and current.
10. What do you mean by amplifier rise time?
11. What results in a sag?
PARTB( 16 Marks)
1. Derive the expression for the CE short circuit current gain of transistor at high frequency (16)
2. i)What is the effect of Cb’e on the input circuit of a BJT amplifier at High frequencies? (8)
ii)Derive the equation for gm which gives the relation between gm, Ic and temperature. (8)
3. Draw the high frequency hybrid –_ model for a transistor in the CE configuration and explain
the significance of each component. Define alpha cut off frequency. (16)
4. Draw the high frequency equivalent circuit of FET amplifier and derive all the parameters
related to its frequency response. (16)
5. Using hybrid _ model for CE amplifier derive the expression for its short circuit
current gain. (16)
6.i) Define the frequency response of multistage amplifier and derive its upper and lower cut-off
frequencies. (8)
ii) How does Rise and Sag time related to cut-off frequencies and prove the same. (8)
7.Discuss the low frequency response and the high frequency response of
an amplifier. (16)
1. Explain the operation of high frequency common source FET amplifier with neat diagram. Derive the expression for (i) voltage gain (ii) input admittance (iii) input capacitance (iv) output admittance. (16)
UNIT IV
LARGE SIGNAL AMPLIFIERS
PART A (2 Marks)
1. Define Large signal amplifier.
2. What are applications of power amplifier?
3. What are the features of large signal amplifiers?
4. What are the classification of large signal amplifiers?
5. What is class A amplifier?
6. What is class A amplifier?
7. What is class C amplifier?
8. What is class AB amplifier?
9. What is the construction of a class D amplifier?
10. What are the classification of Class A amplifier?
11. What are the advantages of directly coupled class A amplifier?
12. What are the advantages of transformer coupled class A amplifier?
13. What is frequency distortion?
14. Define heat sink.
15. What is theoretical maximum conversion efficiency of class A power amplifier.16. What is distortion in power amplifiers.
PART B
1. With neat circuit diagram explain the working principle of complementary symmetry class-B amplifier and (16)
2. Explain and obtain the efficiency of transformer – coupled class A power amplifier.
3.Prove that the maximum efficiency of Push Pull class B amplifier is 78.5%. (16)
4. i) Compare class A, class B and class C power amplifier based on their performance
characteristics (8)
ii) Explain the significance of heat sinks for thermal stability. (8)
5. What is the difference between a voltage amplifier and a power amplifier? (16)
6. Differentiate Class S from Class D amplifier and derive the efficiency of
Class D amplifier. (16)
7. (i) Explain the operation of the transformer coupled class A audio power amplifier.(12)
(ii) Explain the terms conversion efficiency and maximum value of efficiency used in
audio power amplifiers.(4)
8. Explain the operation of the class-B push pull power amplifier with neat
diagram and list its advantages.
UNIT V
RECTIFIERS AND POWER SUPPLIES
PART A (2 Marks)
1. Compare the halfwave and fullwave rectifiers2. What are the advantages of SMPS3. Differentiate between voltage multipliers and voltage regulator 4. What is the need for voltage regulators5. What is the need for over voltage protection6. What is PIV rating of full wave bridge rectifier7. What is line regulation8. Derive form factor and peak factor9. Draw the circuit diagram of LC filter10. Define TUF11. Define voltage regulation12. What is meant by ripple factor13. Write the advantages of linear voltage regulator
PART B
1. Explain the circuit of voltage regulator and also discuss the short circuit
protection mechanism.
2. Explain the power control method using SCR.(8) 3. Design zener regulator for following specification Vin=8v to 12v; Vo=10v,
RL=10kO. Assume that zener diode is ideal. (8)
4. Explain how zener diode acts as a regulator (6)5. Draw the ripple factor for FWR with capacitor filter.
6. Draw and explain the working principles of a SMPS circuit with its output waveforms. (16)
7. Derive the expression for output voltage , average output ,PIV ,efficiency and TUF for full wave and bridge rectifier.
8. Derive the expression for output voltage , average output ,PIV ,efficiency and TUF for half wave and bridge rectifier.
9. Explain the operation of Voltage multiplier.
ASSIGNMENT TOPICS
ASSIGNMENT-1
1. Explain the AC and DC Analysis of Common Emitter amplifier with emitter
Feed back resistance and by pass capacitance.
(1)Basic Common Emitter amplifier explanation with diagram
(2)Ac and dc analysis with equivalent circuits
(3)Ac and dc analysis with emitter feed back resistance
(4)Ac and dc analysis with by pass capacitance
(5)All the parameters in the analysis are to be given with a relation.
2. Determine Vce and Ic in the Voltage divider Biased Transistor circuit of fig 1
ASSIGNMENT-II
(1) Discuss the working of a basic emitter coupled differential amplifier circuit (2) Compare CB, CE and CC amplifiers. (3) Draw the small signal hybrid model of CE amplifier and derive the expression for its
AI.AV,RI and RO.
(4) What are the methods to improve the CMRR of differential amplifier?
Detail any two of them. (16)
ASSIGNMENT-III
(1) How does Rise and Sag time related to cut-off frequencies and prove the same
(2) Derive the expression for the CE short circuit current gain of transistor at high frequency
(3) Explain the operation of high frequency common source FET amplifier with neat diagram. Derive the expression for (i) voltage gain (ii) input admittance (iii) input capacitance (iv) output admittance.
(4) . Using hybrid _ model for CE amplifier derive the expression for its short circuit
current gain
ASSIGNMENT-IV
(1). Explain the operation of the transformer coupled class A audio power amplifier.
(2). Explain the terms conversion efficiency and maximum value of efficiency used in
audio power amplifiers.
(3). Explain the operation of the class-B push pull power amplifier with neat
diagram and list its advantages
(4). Compare class A, class B and class C power amplifier based on their performance
characteristics
ASSIGNMENT-V
(1). Design zener regulator for following specification Vin=8v to 12v; Vo=10v,
RL=10kO. Assume that zener diode is ideal.
(2) Derive the expression for output voltage , average output ,PIV ,efficiency and TUF
for half wave and bridge rectifier.
(3) Explain the power control method using SCR