Open access for researchers, research managers and libraries
Iryna Kuchma, eIFL Open Access program manager, eIFL.netPresented at “Open Access: Maximising Research Quality and
Impact” workshop, July 22 2009, Kathmandu, Nepal
Why Open Access (OA)?
Why OA 2?
eIFL.net
4 000 libraries in 46 countries
Nepal
eIFL.net programs
1. Open access
2. Advocacy for access to knowledge: copyright and libraries
3. Promoting free and open source software for libraries
eIFL.net programs 2
4. 1+1=More and better. The benefits of library consortia
5. Promoting a culture of cooperation: knowledge and information sharing
6. Advocating for affordable and fair access to
commercially produced scholarly resources
eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries to maximize access to
knowledge via libraries for education, research and
the public through fair and balanced copyright laws
that take into account the needs of their users
to raise awareness of libraries
and copyright, and to empower the eIFL.net community to become
advocates and proponents of fair access for all
eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries 2Highlights from 2008:
eIFL.net staff with coordinators from South Africa, Ukraine and Zambia
provided national copyright information for the WIPO commissioned study
on library copyright exceptions and limitations covering 149 countries
eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries 3Highlights from 2008 continued:
eIFL.net and the European Bureau of Library, Information and Documentation Associations (EBLIDA) agreed to cooperate on copyright and European bi-lateral trade agreements
Responded to European Commission Green Paper consultation on Copyright in the
Knowledge Economy
eIFL-IP: Copyright for libraries 4Highlights from 2008 continued:
Held first annual eIFL-IP global conference, attended by over 40 countries
Joint eIFL/IFLA/EBLIDA conference on copyright and libraries with 50+ librarians from Moldova and
region plus policymakers
First self-organised seminar by regional eIFL-IP representatives in Zambia
eIFL-FOSSSuccess of the Greenstone pilot
in Southern Africa, leading to the SA Greenstone
Support Network
Launch of Integrated Library Systems (ILS) project
UNESCO award for a Linux Thin
Server Project How To Guide from Birzeit University to help libraries extend or maximize
the usefulness of old computers
Negotiations eIFL.net is advocating for affordable access
to commercially produced electronic journals and
databases through collective negotiations with publishers
and aggregators
negotiation activity includes not only obtaining affordable
prices, but also establishing fair terms and conditions for
access to those resources by library users in developing and
transitional countries
Consortium building eIFL.net assists the countries
in the building of sustainable national
library consortia
a wide range of activities underpins this goal
including: training events, national and regional
workshops and meetings, individual country visits,
grants, manuals, web resources
eIFL Open Access
eIFL Open Access 2Focus for 2009/10:
Open access policies to be adopted by research
funding agencies, universities and research organisations in eIFL.net
countries
Sustainability of open repositories within the eIFL
region
eIFL Open Access 3Open Access Week, 19-23 October
2009
Advocacy materials for eIFL.net countries
Turning pilot repositories into strong operational tools (open access resources create value through the impact they have on users)
Watching briefs on open access to data and open educational
resources
eIFL Open Access 4Evaluation of Institutional Repository Development in Developing and Transition
Countries – a cooperative program between eIFL.net, the University of Kansas Libraries, the DRIVER project
and Key Perspectives Ltd
case studies on institutional repositories from eIFL countries
a report on the implementation of open content licenses in developing and transition
countries
What do scientists want?
What do scientists want? http://wwmm.ch.cam.ac.uk/blogs/
murrayrust/?p=1502
Story #1 : arXiv.org
Open Access Impact
Open access brings more rapid and more efficient progress for scholarly research
http://arxiv.org/ “Brody has looked at the pattern of citations
to articles deposited in arXiv, specifically at the length of the delay between
when an article is deposited and when it is cited, and has published the aggregated data
for each year from 1991.”– Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the
American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072. http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)
– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/
Open Access Impact 2“As more papers are deposited and more scientists use the repository,
the time between an article being deposited and being cited has been shrinking
dramatically, year upon year”
Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072.
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have
it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/
Open Access Impact 3“This is important
for research uptake and progress, because it means that in this area of research,
where articles are made available at – or frequently before – publication, the research cycle is accelerating”
Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072.
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have
it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/
Open Access Impact 4“The research cycle in high energy physics
is approaching maximum efficiency as a result of the early and free availability
of articles that scientists in the field can use and build upon rapidly”
– Brody, Tim; Harnad, Stevan; Carr, Leslie. Earlier web usage statistics as predictors of later citation impact. Journal of the American Association for Information Science and Technology (JASIST), 2005, Vol. 57 no. 8 pp. 1060-1072.
http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/10713/01/timcorr.htm (accessed 30 October 2006)– Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? - ECS EPrints ...Open Access: What is it and why should we have
it? Swan, A. (2006) Open Access: What is it and why should we have it? http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/13028/
Story #2: research articleby cogdogblog http://www.flickr.com/photos/cogdog/1635259272/
Uploaded by Paul L McCord Jr http://www.flickr.com/photos/plmccordj/2210724072/ and http://www.flickr.com/photos/plmccordj/2209930435/in/
photostream/
Scholarly communication
Science is dynamic and collaborative and it is important to sustain the communication
processes, rather than simply archiving
research results in the form of a single journal
article
Open education
Open Access“It is important to stress here
that publishing is a fundamental part of the process of doing science.
Moreover, as a scientist I am not writing for money — like my wife, who was a professional writer at one time —
but I am writing for fame: I want everyone to read what I write…
For that reason we volunteer our services, and we don’t get paid.
That is what makes Open Access a powerful concept for scientists.”
The Basement Interviews Freeing the scientific literature Harold Varmus, Nobel laureate, former director of the US National Institutes of Health, and co-founder of open access publisher Public Library of Science, talks to Richard Poynder. Published
on June 5th 2006 http://poynder.blogspot.com/2006/06/interview-with-harold-varmus.html
Helicopter flight by phault http://www.flickr.com/photos/pjh/171451412/
2 complementary strategies: Gold
by Vitó http://www.flickr.com/photos/janeladeimagens/192943825/
First Monday (Thank you Edward J. Valauskas!)
Contributions to First Monday have routinely been expanded
into book formby their authors
after initial publication in First Monday
Here are a few examples:
"The social life of documents"by John Seely Brown and Paul Duguid
First Monday, volume 1, number 1 (May 1996)was expanded into the book entitled
The social life of informationBoston: Harvard Business School Press, 2000.
(reprinted by Harvard Business School Press in 2002 and 2006; Dutch translation "De waarde van informatie" published in 2000; Chinese translation "Zi xun ge ming le shen me?" in 2001; Korean translation "Bit`u eso ingan uro" in 2001; Portuguese
translation "A vida social da informação" in 2001; Spanish translation "La vida social de la información" in 2001; Turkish translation "Enformasyonun sosyal yasami" in
2001; Japanese translation "Naze aiti wa shakai o kaenainoka" in 2002).
Here are a few examples:
"Digital diploma mills: The automation of higher education"
by David F. NobleFirst Monday, volume 3, number 1 (January 1998)
was expanded into the book entitledDigital diploma mills: The automation of higher education
New York: Monthly Review Press, 2001.(reprinted 2002 with new afterward by the author)
Here are a few examples:
"The cathedral and the bazaar"by Eric S. Raymond
First Monday, volume 3, number 3 (March 1998)was expanded into the book entitled
The cathedral and the bazaarCambridge, Mass.: O'Reilly, 1999.
(Revised edition 2001)
First Monday has cooperated with MIT Press
in publishing excerpts from new
books in the virtual pages of the journal
Here are a few examples:- Information ecologies: Using technology with heart by Bonnie A Nardi
and Vicki O'DayCambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 1999.
excerpts in First Monday, volume 4, number 5 (May 1999)
- Change of state: Information, policy and power by Sandra BramanCambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.
excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)
- Acting with technology: Activity theory and interaction design by Victor Kaptelinin and Bonnie Nardi
Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2006.excerpts in First Monday, volume 12, number 4 (April 2007)
First Monday Content from First Monday
has re-appeared in a variety of newspapers,magazines, and journals around the world:
Business Week, Los Angeles Times, New York Times,
Scientific American, Washington Post,
and Wired, among others
https://wiki.library.jhu.edu/display/epubs/Home?showChildren=false
2 complementary strategies - Green
by Jim Frazier http://www.flickr.com/photos/jimfrazier/140042827/
http://www.opendoar.org/
http://roar.eprints.org/
Open repositoriesA digital repository is defined as
containing research output
institutional or thematic
and OAI compliant
(http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html) (From The European Repository Landscape Inventory Study into the Present Type and Level of OAI-Compliant Digital Repository Activities in the EU
by Maurits van der Graaf and Kwame van Eijndhoven)
ContentPeer-reviewed articles
Conference presentationsBooks
Course packsAnnotated images
Audio and video clipsResearch data
ContentGray literature:
Preprints / working materials / theses and dissertations / reports / conference materials / bulletins /
grant applications / reports to the donors / memorandums / statistical reports /
technical documentation / questionnaires…
http://oad.simmons.edu/oadwiki/Disciplinary_repositories
http://search3.driver.research-infrastructures.eu/webInterface/simpleSearch.do;jsessionid=30E69E7F5FDBD7BB9CB5AC829852074B?action=load
OA for studentsMoving from print to electronic
– usage growth 145%
The most popular theses and dissertations were downloaded 37,501 times (history )
and 33,752 times (engineering); history one was published and was a long seller
(John Hagen, West Virginia University)
OA for students 269% of students
from the creative writing department had more successful careers
if they went OA with their dissertations – a good marketing tool for them
(John Hagen, West Virginia University)
http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html
Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint
The Repository has made a splash page, with previews and usage stats (Example from EPrints at University of Southampton)
Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint
The repository has made a bibliography for you …(Example from DSpace at Universiteit Hasselt, Belgium)
Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint
…maybe personalised it with other information about you… (Example from DSpace at University of Chicago, Illinois)
Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint
…set up a mailing list for you…Example from Digital Commons at Cal Poly
Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint
Automatically updated your research group web pages (Example from IAM web site at University of Southampton, UK)
Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint
Less Administration: Management will use the information for the admin forms you would otherwise have to complete
Leverage by Les Carr: http://www.slideshare.net/lescarr/leverage?type=powerpoint
Update your Teaching Pages
Why open repositories?
Opening up the outputs of the institution to the world
Maximizing the visibility and impact of these outputs
Showcasing the quality of the research in the institution
Why open repositories?
Collecting and curating the digital outputs of the institution
Managing and measuring research and teaching activities
Providing a workspace for work-in-progress and for collaborative and large-scale projects
Why open repositories? Enabling and encouraging
interdisciplinary approaches to research
Facilitating the development and sharing of digital teaching materials and aids
Supporting student endeavours, providing access to theses and dissertations
and a location for the development of e-portfolios
Why open repositories? Institutional and national level
research assessment and research management, bringing together research expertise
across the institution and country
Information rich collaboration, effective decision-making
and successful research activity
Improved governmental policy and public health care outcomes
The Power of Open AccessThere are considerable
economic, social and educational benefits to making research and other outputs available
without financial, legal and technical barriers to access
OA mandates
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/transformational-times.pdf
Common Themes“Libraries need to change their practices
for managing traditional content and develop new capabilities
for dealing with digital materials of all types, but especially new forms of scholarship,
teaching and learning resources, special collections
(particularly hidden collections), and research data.”
Common Themes 2
“Content industries inevitably seek to extend control over the
copyright regime and over content, in general, while libraries, authors, and research
institutions endeavor to provide more access to and active management
of the intellectual assets produced by the academy.”
Common Themes 3
“Radical reconfiguration of research library organizations and services is needed
coupled with an increasingly diverse and talented staff
to provide needed leadership and technical skills
to respond to the rapidly changing environment.”
Common Themes 4
“New relationships must be formed with library users
to support rapid shifts in research and teaching practices.”
Trends in Scholarly CommunicationTransformations in scholarly communication
practices are driving development and re-engineering of library services:
• Libraries are moving into new service areas like publishing support and repository services.
Repository services are moving beyond pre-print and post-print dissemination to include a wide
range of content types, clients, and service needs.
Trends in Scholarly Communication
Library services increasingly are developed
in collaboration with other units on campus and with partners at other institutions.
Trends in Scholarly Communication
“the economic situation could be favourable
to the further development of open access publishing”
Trends in Scholarly Communication“Open Access publication mandates
may well be adopted by the funding councils
Data preservation will also likely be more widely mandated.
Systematic enforcement of the mandates will depend on the development
of appropriate repositories, whether disciplinary or institutional.”
OA & libraries
OA has permanently changed
the field of scholarly communication
OA & libraries 2
OA has changed the profile of academic and research libraries– more and more they have become partners
in research, data-curation and education, ensuring the quality of digital resources is maintained, and openly sharing these
resources with their users
OA & libraries 3
Academic and research libraries are also developing
advanced and enhanced metrics – a new range of standardized indicators based
on reader (rather than author-facing) metrics
and much more still remains to be explored
Map of science
Changing landscapeIn this changing environment for scholarly communication
academic and research libraries need to be
agile, creative,
risk-taking and innovative
in order to respond to the needs of a new generation of faculty and students
Changing landscape 2Science is dynamic and collaborative and it is important
to sustain the communication processes, rather than to simply archive research results
in the form of a single journal article
Changing landscape 3Librarians and information specialists
need to be involved in the early planning and data-modelling phases
of research in order to accelerate learning
and discovery, and libraries will need
to become core collaborators on campus, using technology
to advance scholarly communication and enable a climate of openness
http://www.arl.org/bm~doc/repository-services-report.pdf
Next steps – researchers and students
Publish articles in OA journals
Self-archive in open repositories
Spread a word about OA
Next steps – researcher managersIntroduce OA polices
Transform the journals into OA journals
Set-up open repositories
Spread a word about OA
Next steps – librariesSet-up open repositories
Help researchers and students to self-archive
Help to publish OA journals and create open educational resources
Next steps – libraries 2
Help in data curation and sharing
Spread a word about OA
Thank you!Questions?
Iryna Kuchmairyna.kuchma[at]eifl.net; www.eifl.net
The presentation is licensed with Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License