No supplemental
light
Plant material Daily light integrals (mol m-‐2 d-‐1)
High DLI Low DLI Tomato ‘KomeeA’ 17.2±3.1 8.7±0.3 Solanum lycopersicum Pepper ‘Fascinato’ 23.0±7.1 5.8±1.7 Capsicum annuum Cucumber ‘Cumlaude’ 16.2±5.2 5.1±1.2 Cucumis sa1vus
Op#miza#on of Supplemental Light Quality Environment for Vegetable Transplant Produc#on Ricardo Hernández and Chieri Kubota
School of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona email: [email protected]
IntroducOon Greenhouse supplemental lighOng is used in geographical areas and seasons in which sunlight is the limiOng factor for producOon. Vegetable transplants such as tomato, cucumber and pepper seedlings show increased growth and quality when photosyntheOcaly acOve radiaOon is supplemented with the convenOonal high-‐pressure sodium (HPS) lamps. The emerging high intensity light-‐emiWng diode (LED) lamps are a potenOal alternaOve to current lighOng technology due to its long funcOonal life, low operaOng temperature, low energy consumpOon, and selecOve spectral output. Nevertheless, before being introduced to the commercial greenhouse market, this technology must be properly evaluated in terms of economic feasibility, lamp placement within the greenhouse/canopy, irradiance intensity, and spectral quality required for plant growth. We have examined red and blue LED light qualiOes at varied raOos. In order to test the hypothesis that the light quality requirement may be affected by solar daily light integrals (DLIs), the experiment was designed to compare the plant responses to light qualiOes under two different levels of DLIs created inside the greenhouse using shade screens.
Materials and Methods
TesOng different RED:BLUE raOos providing 55 μmol m-‐2 s-‐1 for 18 hours = 3.54 mol m-‐2 d-‐1 of supplemental LED light.
Peaks: Blue = 455 nm , Red = 661 nm
Treatments
Tucson, Arizona Double-‐layered acrylic glazing Pad-‐and-‐fan cooling system North-‐South orientaOon
Greenhouse growing plahorm
Results
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"!'$
!"($
!"(#$
)*+,$-./$ .01$-./$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
!/012%31405%04678%498:6210%
8/;18/%325%;1!!%2:!</9!:%
2034506$ .7-$89::6;<;34$
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"!'$
!"($
!"(#$
)*+,$-./$ .01$-./$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
!/012%31405%04678%498:6210%
8/;18/%325%;1!!%2:!</9!:%
2034506$ .7-$89::6;<;34$
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"!'$
!"($
!"(#$
)*+,$-./$ .01$-./$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
!/012%31405%04678%498:6210%
8/;18/%325%;1!!%2:!</9!:%
2034506$ .7-$89::6;<;34$
P<0.0001
15%
increase
P<0.0614
53%
increase
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"''$
!"'($
!"'#$
)*+,$-./$ .01$-./$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
!/012%31405%04678%498:6210%
;:;;:2%325%<1!!%2:!;/9!:%
2034506$ .7-$89::6;<;34$
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"''$
!"'($
!"'#$
)*+,$-./$ .01$-./$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
!/012%31405%04678%498:6210%
;:;;:2%325%<1!!%2:!;/9!:%
2034506$ .7-$89::6;<;34$
24%
increase
33%
increase
P<0.0001P<0.0001
!"#$
!"#%$
!"&$
!"&%$
!"'$
!"'%$
!"%$
!"%%$
!"($
!"(%$
!")$
*+,-$./0$ /12$./0$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
!/012%31405%04678%498:6210%
325%;1!!%2:!</9!:%
3145617$ /8.$9:;;7<=<45$
P<0.0001
!"#$
!"#%$
!"&$
!"&%$
!"'$
!"'%$
!"%$
!"%%$
!"($
!"(%$
!")$
*+,-$./0$ /12$./0$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
!/012%31405%04678%498:6210%
325%;1!!%2:!</9!:%
3145617$ /8.$9:;;7<=<45$
!"#$
!"#%$
!"&$
!"&%$
!"'$
!"'%$
!"%$
!"%%$
!"($
!"(%$
!")$
*+,-$./0$ /12$./0$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
!/012%31405%04678%498:6210%
325%;1!!%2:!</9!:%
3145617$ /8.$9:;;7<=<45$
26%
increase
P<0.0001
48%
increase
!"!#$
!"!#%$
!"!&$
!"!&%$
!"!'$
!"!'%$
!"!($
!"!(%$
!")$
!")!%$
!"))$
!$ *$ +$ #$ '$ )!$ )*$ )+$ )#$ )'$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
89:;89%<=>%:;!!%=?!/9@!?% ,-./$012$
134$012$
!"!#$
!"!#%$
!"!&$
!"!&%$
!"!'$
!"!'%$
!"!($
!"!(%$
!")$
!")!%$
!"))$
!$ *$ +$ #$ '$ )!$ )*$ )+$ )#$ )'$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
89:;89%<=>%:;!!%=?!/9@!?% ,-./$012$
134$012$
!"!#$
!"!#%$
!"!&$
!"!&%$
!"!'$
!"!'%$
!"!($
!"!(%$
!")$
!")!%$
!"))$
!$ *$ +$ #$ '$ )!$ )*$ )+$ )#$ )'$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
89:;89%<=>%:;!!%=?!/9@!?% ,-./$012$
134$012$
!"!#$
!"!#%$
!"!&$
!"!&%$
!"!'$
!"!'%$
!"!($
!"!(%$
!")$
!")!%$
!"))$
!$ *$ +$ #$ '$ )!$ )*$ )+$ )#$ )'$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
89:;89%<=>%:;!!%=?!/9@!?% ,-./$012$
134$012$
drymass=0.131‐0.0001942*%blue
drymass=0.095‐1.2077e‐5*%blue
P=0.8706
P=0.9869
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"'$
!"'($
!"'#$
!"'%$
!$ ($ #$ %$ &$ '!$ '($ '#$ '%$ '&$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
/8//89%:9;%<=!!%98!/>?!8% )*+,$-./$
.01$-./$
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"'$
!"'($
!"'#$
!"'%$
!$ ($ #$ %$ &$ '!$ '($ '#$ '%$ '&$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
/8//89%:9;%<=!!%98!/>?!8% )*+,$-./$
.01$-./$
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"'$
!"'($
!"'#$
!"'%$
!$ ($ #$ %$ &$ '!$ '($ '#$ '%$ '&$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
/8//89%:9;%<=!!%98!/>?!8% )*+,$-./$
.01$-./$
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"'$
!"'($
!"'#$
!"'%$
!$ ($ #$ %$ &$ '!$ '($ '#$ '%$ '&$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
/8//89%:9;%<=!!%98!/>?!8% )*+,$-./$
.01$-./$
!"!#$
!"!%$
!"!&$
!"'$
!"'($
!"'#$
!"'%$
!$ ($ #$ %$ &$ '!$ '($ '#$ '%$ '&$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
/8//89%:9;%<=!!%98!/>?!8% )*+,$-./$
.01$-./$
drymass=0.108‐9.6839e‐5*%blue
drymass=0.137+0.0002544*%blueP=0.4577
P=0.6800
!"#$
!"#%$
!"&$
!"&%$
!"%$
!"%%$
!"'$
!"'%$
!"($
!$ )$ &$ '$ *$ +!$ +)$ +&$ +'$ +*$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
8989:;<=%>=?%:@!!%=<!/AB!<% ,-./$012$
134$012$
!"#$
!"#%$
!"&$
!"&%$
!"%$
!"%%$
!"'$
!"'%$
!"($
!$ )$ &$ '$ *$ +!$ +)$ +&$ +'$ +*$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
8989:;<=%>=?%:@!!%=<!/AB!<% ,-./$012$
134$012$
!"#$
!"#%$
!"&$
!"&%$
!"%$
!"%%$
!"'$
!"'%$
!"($
!$ )$ &$ '$ *$ +!$ +)$ +&$ +'$ +*$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
8989:;<=%>=?%:@!!%=<!/AB!<% ,-./$012$
134$012$
!"#$
!"#%$
!"&$
!"&%$
!"%$
!"%%$
!"'$
!"'%$
!"($
!$ )$ &$ '$ *$ +!$ +)$ +&$ +'$ +*$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
8989:;<=%>=?%:@!!%=<!/AB!<% ,-./$012$
134$012$
!"#$
!"#%$
!"&$
!"&%$
!"%$
!"%%$
!"'$
!"'%$
!"($
!$ )$ &$ '$ *$ +!$ +)$ +&$ +'$ +*$
!"##$%&'(%)
*++%,-.%
/0'102$%#3%4560%57-"$%%%
8989:;<=%>=?%:@!!%=<!/AB!<% ,-./$012$
134$012$
drymass=0.498‐0.003881*%blue
drymass=0.628‐0.001742*%blue
P=0.0536
P=0.5199
!"#$
!"%$
&"!$
&"'$
&"($
&"#$
&"%$
)$ &$ *$ +$ ,$ !)$ !&$ !*$ !+$ !,$
!"#$%&'()'*%+,%-'.%&'.*+/0'
1%&2%/0'()'$*"%'*3450'''
676789:;'<:=>'6?7!@'' -./0$123$
245$123$
!"#$
!"%$
&"!$
&"'$
&"($
&"#$
&"%$
)$ &$ *$ +$ ,$ !)$ !&$ !*$ !+$ !,$
!"#$%&'()'*%+,%-'.%&'.*+/0'
1%&2%/0'()'$*"%'*3450'''
676789:;'<:=>'6?7!@'' -./0$123$
245$123$
!"#$
!"%$
&"!$
&"'$
&"($
&"#$
&"%$
)$ &$ *$ +$ ,$ !)$ !&$ !*$ !+$ !,$
!"#$%&'()'*%+,%-'.%&'.*+/0'
1%&2%/0'()'$*"%'*3450'''
676789:;'<:=>'6?7!@'' -./0$123$
245$123$
!"#$
!"%$
&"!$
&"'$
&"($
&"#$
&"%$
)$ &$ *$ +$ ,$ !)$ !&$ !*$ !+$ !,$
!"#$%&'()'*%+,%-'.%&'.*+/0'
1%&2%/0'()'$*"%'*3450'''
676789:;'<:=>'6?7!@'' -./0$123$
245$123$
!"#$
!"%$
&"!$
&"'$
&"($
&"#$
&"%$
)$ &$ *$ +$ ,$ !)$ !&$ !*$ !+$ !,$
!"#$%&'()'*%+,%-'.%&'.*+/0'
1%&2%/0'()'$*"%'*3450'''
676789:;'<:=>'6?7!@'' -./0$123$
245$123$
leafcount=2.631‐0.0016425*%blue
leafcount=2.126‐0.0097756*%blue
P=0.0029
P=0.765
!"!#$%
!"!#&%
!"!#'%
!"!#(%
!"!#)%
!"!#*%
!"!+%
!"!+#%
!"!++%
!% +% $% '% )% #!% #+% #$% #'% #)%
!"#$%#&"#'()#*+%,-
% %.%/% %
0"&1"*+%2$%3)4"%)567+%%%
8989:;<=%!<>?%>=<>%=<@0AB@<% ,-./%012%
134%012%
!"!#$%
!"!#&%
!"!#'%
!"!#(%
!"!#)%
!"!#*%
!"!+%
!"!+#%
!"!++%
!% +% $% '% )% #!% #+% #$% #'% #)%
!"#$%#&"#'()#*+%,-
% %.%/% %
0"&1"*+%2$%3)4"%)567+%%%
8989:;<=%!<>?%>=<>%=<@0AB@<% ,-./%012%
134%012%
!"!#$%
!"!#&%
!"!#'%
!"!#(%
!"!#)%
!"!#*%
!"!+%
!"!+#%
!"!++%
!% +% $% '% )% #!% #+% #$% #'% #)%
!"#$%#&"#'()#*+%,-
% %.%/% %
0"&1"*+%2$%3)4"%)567+%%%
8989:;<=%!<>?%>=<>%=<@0AB@<% ,-./%012%
134%012%
!"!#$%
!"!#&%
!"!#'%
!"!#(%
!"!#)%
!"!#*%
!"!+%
!"!+#%
!"!++%
!% +% $% '% )% #!% #+% #$% #'% #)%
!"#$%#&"#'()#*+%,-
% %.%/% %
0"&1"*+%2$%3)4"%)567+%%%
8989:;<=%!<>?%>=<>%=<@0AB@<% ,-./%012%
134%012%
!"!#$%
!"!#&%
!"!#'%
!"!#(%
!"!#)%
!"!#*%
!"!+%
!"!+#%
!"!++%
!% +% $% '% )% #!% #+% #$% #'% #)%
!"#$%#&"#'()#*+%,-
% %.%/% %
0"&1"*+%2$%3)4"%)567+%%%
8989:;<=%!<>?%>=<>%=<@0AB@<% ,-./%012%
134%012%
leafarea=0.018‐0.0001184*%blue
leafarea=0.020‐8.0563e‐5*%blue
P=0.0163
P=0.2138
Data collecOon • Dry mass • Fresh mass • Plant Height • Epicotyl length • Hypocotyl length • Stem diameter • Leaf count • Chlorophyll • Leaf area • Anthocyanin • PhotosyntheOc rate
Summary LED supplemental lighOng increased growth and improved morphology of tomato ‘KomeeA’, pepper ‘Fascinato’, and cucumber ‘Cumlaude’ seedlings in both high and low DLI condiOons. Tomato ‘KomeeA’ and pepper ‘Fascinato’ did not show any differences in growth or morphology between red and red + blue light under high and low DLI. Cucumber ‘Cumlaude’ did not show any differences in growth or morphology between red and red + blue light under high DLI. However, the red light treatment under low DLI condiOons increased growth compared to red + blue light.
100% 96%
4% 16%
84%