Optimizing Winter Wheat Grain
ProteinDecember 15, 2010
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THNPmhBl-8I
Kansas City—November 30, 2010— The members of the Kansas City Board of Trade in a special election held on November 30 approved amendments to the KCBT’s Hard Red Winter wheat futures contract by a vote of 115 to 36. The Board of Directors approved the amendments at a meeting on November 4.
6. Effective with the September 2011 futures contract, deliverable grades of HRW shall contain a minimum 11% protein level. However, protein levels of less than 11%, but equal to or greater than 10.5% are deliverable at a ten cent (10¢) discount to contract price. Protein levels of less than 10.5% are not deliverable;
7. Holders of outstanding warehouse receipts following the expiration of the July 2011 contract month will have five (5) business days (August 24-30, 2011) to present such warehouse receipts to the issuing warehouse for upgrading to reflect a deliverable protein level. The issuing elevator must comply with such request and shall, in its sole discretion, make the determination as to the minimum protein level to designate on receipts presented for upgrading. The issuing elevator may charge the holder twelve cents (12¢) per bushel to upgrade receipts with a designation of 11% minimum protein, or two cents (2¢) per bushel to upgrade receipts with a designation of 10.5% minimum protein. Warehouse receipts not upgraded shall not be deliverable against futures contracts from September 2011 forward;
The aforementioned changes will become effective with the September 2011 wheat futures contract month, subject to CFTC approval.
Dale Owens: Johnston GrainRegistered Delivery Warehouses
Shuttle trains 110 cars, $0.30/bu cheaper vs boxcar
Lower protein (SE Kansas, SW Missouri), areas where yields are expected to be higher
10,000 bushel bin ($1.1 to 1.3/bu)
Cole-Parmer, NIR Analyzer $595050,000 bu,
Factory-set calibrations for HRS, HRW, SRW, protein and moisture in SWW, oats, corn, flax, milo, duram, canola, mustard, soybean, 2-row barley, 6-row barley, or long- and medium-grain rough rice. Oil calibration is included with corn, soybean, canola, mustard, and flax calibrations.
ReviewNot much genetic variation in grain protein for winter wheat varieties grown in Oklahoma, Art Klatt, OSUIf you want to increase grain protein in winter wheat, apply ample amounts of N fertilizer, especially near flowering, Dave Worral, AGRIPROLimited G*E interactions for grain protein. Rankings among varieties won’t change a lot. High protein: Karl, TonkawaLow protein: Custer, EnduranceHigh protein current: Centerfield, OK Bullet, TAM203, OK Rising, Jagger, Brett Carver, OSU
LiteratureOklahoma Winter Wheat:
UAN pre & post flowering, 30 lbs N/ac increased total grain N by 2.7 g/kg (1.54% protein) Woolfolk et al. 2002.
Over 2 years and 7 locations, Freeman et al. (2003) found no consistent relationship between NDVI and grain N or straw N at any stage of growth.
LiteratureMontana Spring WheatN fertilizer rate + NO3-N, 0-3ft in the spring was positively correlated with grain proteinProducing spring wheat with 14% protein requires significantly more N than growing spring wheat for optimal yields. On average, 3.3 lbs N/bu is required to grow spring wheat with 14% protein regardless of yield level. Soil nitrate-N and, in some instances, organic matter (OM) are useful tools for making N fertilizer recommendations.
ColoradoFields with grain protein less than 11.1 % have nitrogen deficiencies that limit yields and protein content. Apply more N Fields with grain protein between 11.1 and 12.0 % may need additional nitrogen fertilizer. Fields with grain protein >12.0 percent probably have adequate nitrogen for avg. grain production levels.
Goos, Westfall, Ludwick, 2008
Grant Jackson, Montana State University
Idaho hard red spring wheat
>14% protein, 4-6 cent premium per 0.25% increase<14% protein, 7-11 cent dockage per 0.25% decrease48 lb N/ac applied topdress, increased protein 2% (from 12.43 to 14.43) note 14 benchmark90 bu/ac, (2 quarter points*5cents*90)= $9/ac (premium) if N applied90 bu/ac, (6 quarter points*8cents*90)= $43/ac (dockage) if no N applied
Oklahoma winter wheat, KCBT 2011
Aerial N application, $10-18/ac10 gallons UAN/ac, $267/2000 lb, $0.48/lb N28-0-0, 10.7lb/gal, 10 gal/ac = 30 lbs N/ac= $14.4/ac N cost + ____ application cost
50 bu/ac, $0.10 discount = $5.00/ac (<11,>10.5)
1966-2010, OK long-term experiments#222, #406, #407, #502, Magruder
Yield ProteinYear bu/ac %1966 24.07 15.962010 37.78 12.28% Change 56.96 -23.06
Grain protein = -0.0521 (bu/ac) + 13.3 40 = 11.2 60 = 10.2 Grain protein = -0.0838 (year) + 180.7 1970 = 15.6 2010 = 12.2
y = 0.2436x - 454.85R² = 0.1265
y = -0.0838x + 180.72R² = 0.28
0
5
10
15
20
25
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Grai
n pr
otei
n, %
Grai
n yi
eld,
bu/
ac
Year
1966-present, 222, 406, 407, 502, Magruder
Yield
Protein
Yield vs. Year
n = 10452
Avg. Yield vs Year
n = 45
Protein vs Year
n = 5520
Avg. Protein vs. Year
n = 37
y = -0.05823x + 15.92816R² = 0.10140
y = -0.0521x + 13.3(minus 0.5 SD)
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Grai
n Pr
otei
n, %
Yield, bu/ac
1966-present, 222, 406, 407, 502, Magruder
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Grai
n Pr
otei
n, %
Yield, bu/ac
1966-present, 222, 406, 407, 502, Magruder
GP=18.03*-01962(Yield), X<22GP= 13.6, X=>22
13.6 – 1SD = 9.07
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 1966-present, 222, 406, 407, 502, MagruderYield
Protein
2005-2008, Lahoma, Overley
0.00
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
0.35
0.40
Rain
fall
(inch
)
Rainfall. Lahoma 2002/2003
2007/2008
2008/2009
2009/2010
Average rainfall
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Grai
n pr
otei
n, %
Yiel
d, b
u/ac
Year
Experiment 502, Lahoma
Yield
Protein
y = 0.555x - 1082.3R² = 0.259
y = -0.1333x + 280.12R² = 0.1436
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
1995 2000 2005 2010
Grai
n pr
otei
n, %
Yiel
d, b
u/ac
Year
Experiment 222, Stillwater
Yield
Grain Protein
y = 0.6424x - 1243.5R² = 0.05
y = -0.2421x + 497.88R² = 0.52
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1995 2000 2005 2010
Grai
n pr
otei
n, %
Yiel
d, b
u/ac
Year
Experiment 502, Lahoma
Yield
Grain Protein
y = 0.1555x - 267.14R² = 0.0413
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010
Tota
l N re
mov
ed, l
b/ac
Year
1966-present, 222, 406, 407, 502, Magruder
Total N Removed
y = 0.4646x - 870.75R² = 0.0159
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1995 2000 2005 2010
Tot.
N re
mov
ed, l
b/ac
Year
Experiment 502, Lahoma
Tot. N Removed
Woolfolk et al. (2002)
Woolfolk et al. (2002)
Woolfolk et al. (2002)
http://www.soiltesting.okstate.edu/SBNRC/SBNRC.php
Winter Wheat Protein Optimizer
SummaryIncreased yield levels are associated with low grain protein30 lbs N applied pre or post flowering increased grain protein by 1.6%Grain protein = -0.052*bu/ac+13.3Rain in September/October necessary for extremely high yieldsYields have increased 50% since 1966Grain protein levels have decreased by 20% since 1966Nitrogen is being minedYield Potential expected to be >40 bu/ac, probability of decreased protein increases significantly.Winter Wheat Protein Optimizer, now available