ORACLE
1. A_____is a collection of all objects that a user has created.
Ans:-Data
2. Which of the oracle authentication mechanism is used to
management of the password for the account?
Ans: Database Account
3. A_______is a set of predefine resource parameter that can
be used to monitor control various database resources.
Ans:
4. PL/Sql is a _______structured language.
Ans: Block
5._______has made PL/SQL code run faster without requiring
any additional work on the part of the programmer.
Ans: Oracle
6. A line of PL/Sql contains groups of characters. Known as
lexical units.
7. There are two kinds of numeric literals can be used in
arithmetic expressions of PL/SQL they are integers and real’s.
8. Boolean literals are the predefined values TRUE and FALSE
and the non-value NULL.
9. The block headers specify whether the PL/SQL block is a
procedure, a function or a package.
10. In PL/SQL iterative control statements, a loop repeats a
sequence of statements.
11. The while loop enables you to evaluate a condition before a
sequence of statements would be executed.
12. The for loop will allow us to execute a block of code
repeatedly until some condition occurs.
13. There are two different types error condition in PL/SQL.
Unit-2
1. In PL/SQL function can be called by using ______
Ans: NAME
2. In PL/SQL procedure declaration resembles a function
declaration exempt that there is no DATA TYPE.
3. Triggers are used to define code that is executed fired when
certain action or event occur.
4. REPLACE is used to recreate if trigger already exists.
5. Cursors are PL/SQL constructs that enable you to process,
one row at a time that results of a multi row query.
6. There are two types of cursors, vise implicit cursors and
explicit cursors.
7. The data that is stored in the cursor is called the active data
set.
8. Opening a cursor executes the query and identifies the active
set that contains all the rows which meet the query search
criteria.
9. In the explicit cursor attributes of PL/SQL %found evaluates
to true when last fetch succeeded.
10. A package is a database object that groups logically
related.PL/SQL type’s object and subgroup-programs.
11. In PL/SQL the package specification contains Public
declarations.
12. The package body implements the package specification.
Unit-3
1. A database is a centralized repository of organization data.
2. Oracle 9i database product is made up three main
components.
3. The oracle instance consists of memory components of
oracle and various background processes.
4. In oracle 9i there are two types of initialization files namely
SPFILE and PFILE.
5. The oracle instance is made up of the system global area and
the background process.
6. In SGA circular buffer that stores all changes made in the
database is called as REDO LOG BUFFER.
7. In SGA the contents of the memory are shared by multiple
users is called as Shared pool.
8. The background process of the oracle instance is responsible
for performing Asynchronous I/O.
8. The PGA is used to process SQL statement and to hold logon
and other session
9. DATA FILE contain the data dictionary and user created data.
10. The control file keeps a record of the names, size and
location different physical files of the data.
11. REDO entries can be used to recover the database in the
event of the instance failure.
12. Password file is used to hold the name, of privileged users
who have been granted the SYDBA and SYSOPER roles.
13. starting up a database should be done by a privileged user.
14. during a proper shutdown of oracle database, there phases
________to the startup is performing in reverse order.
Ans: Complimentary
15. The end of the transaction is recorded in the REDO-LOG
files.
16. Oracle 9i product provides transparent application
scalability by sharing cluster-wide acnes for co-ordinate data
access.
17. Oracle 9i available in three, each of which is suitable for
different development and deployment ……..
UNIT-4
1. Instance is the collection of memory structures and oracle
background process that operates against an oracle database.
2. A table space is the highest level of logical objects in the
database.
3. A table space is further broken down into segment.
4. Extent is a contiguous group of blocks allocated for use as
part of a table, index and ……..
5. Database block is the smallest unit of allocation in an oracle
database.
6. An oracle data dictionary is a set of table and views that are
used as a read-only reference about the database.
7. A data dictionary is created when a database is created.
8. An oracle object type has two parts the specification and
body.
9. By default, oracles objects types are INSTANTTABLE.
10. IN ORACLE THERE ARE FOUR Kinds of method.
11. A STATIC method has no access to a current object.
12. A method modifier tells oracle that new subtype may not
override a method called FINAL.
13. You can add methods but not attributes to in object type
stored in the database using the ALTER TYPE statement.
UNIT-5
1. The two important aspects of a distributed database
are Distribution and Logical correlations.
2. In distributed database all local transaction are
managed by local computers and will therefore be called
as local application.
3. A hierarchical approach of administration like global
administrator, local administrator incorporated in
distributed database.
4. Data independence means that the actual
organization of the data is transparent to the
programmer.
5. The organization and economic motivation are
probably the most important reason for developing
distributed databases.
6. The distributed database approach supports a smooth
increment growth with a minimum degree of impact on
the already existing units.
7. The existence of several autonomous processor result
in the increase of performance through a high degree of
parallelism.
8. A DDMS helps in the creation and management of
distributed database.
9. An application requires the Auxiliary program to be
executed at the remote site, which access the remote
database and returns the result to requesting
application.
10. Each global relation is split into several non-
overlapping portions that are called as fragments.
11. Location transparency is a lower degree of
transparency and requires the user or application
programmer to work on fragments instead of global
relation.
12. Replication transparency means that the user is
unware of the replication of fragments.
13. Horizontal and vertical fragmentation can decompose
the global relation into fragments.
14. Horizontal fragmentation consists of partitioning the
tuples of a global into subsets.
15. The vertical fragments are obtained by projecting the
global relation over each group.
16. The reconstruction of mixed fragmentation can be
obtained by applying the reconstructing rules in reverse
order.
17. A typical example of integrity constraint is referential
integrity which requires that all values of a given
attributes exist also in some other relation.
18. The major problems in applying integrity checking
might increase the need of accessing remote sites.
UNIT-6
1. Designning the fragment is the actual procedure of
dividing the existing global relations into horizontal
vertical or mixed fragments locality.
2. In the objectives of design of data distribution
complete is an extended idea, which simplifies the
execution of application.
3. There are two classical approaches as far as
distributed databases design is concerned.
4. The design of global schema fragmentation schema
allocation schema and local schema is the step of top-
down approach.
5. The correction of primary fragmentation requires that
each global relation be selected in one and only one
fragment.
6. A distributed join is a join between horizontally
fragment relations.
7. In vertical partition problem the attributes are
progressively aggregated to constitute fragments; the
approach is called as grouping approach.
8. Vartical clustering is suggested where overlapping
attributes are not heavily updated.
9. In allocation of fragmentation, redundant allocation is
complex design since the degree of replication is a
variable of the problem.
10. The role of a distributed query processor is to map a
high level query on a distributed database into a
sequence of database operation on relational fragments.
11. Calculas query must be decomposed into a sequence
of relational operational called an algebraic query.
12. An important point of query is the time elapsed for
executing the query.
13. The resource time of the query is the time elapsed
for executing the query.
14. The communication cost is the time need for
exchanging the data between sited participating in the
execution of the query.
15. In distributed context, the output language is
generally some form of relational algebra ……with
communication primitives.
16. Dynamic query optimization requires statistics in
order choosing the operation that has to be done first.
17. For reliability purposes it is useful to have fragments
replicated at different sites.
18. How many layers are involved to map the distributed
query into an optimized sequence of local operations?
Ans: FOUR
19. The query decom layers decomposes the distributed
calculus query into an algebraic query on global relations.
20. The main role of the data localization layer is to
localize the query’s data using data distributions
information.
21. One basic technique for optimizing a sequence of
distributed join operations is through the semi-join
operator.
UNIT-7
1. The oracle server access the non –oracle system using
oracle 9i heterogeneous services.
2. The heterogeneous services agent communicates with
the non-oracle system and with the heterogeneous
services component in the oracle server.
3. In the features of heterogeneous services multi-
threaded agents reduce the number of required process
by taking advantage of multi-threaded server
capabilities.
4. Distributed query optimization reduces the amount of
required data transfer, when compared to transferring all
the table data to the local site for processing.
5. A Remote transaction is a transaction that contains
one or more remote statements, all of which reference
the same remote node.
6. A distributed transaction is a transaction that includes
one or more statement that, individually or as a group
update data on two or more distinct nodes of a
distributed database.
7. Transperency that application developers and
administrator to hide the physical location of database
objects from application and users is called location.
8. Oracles distributed database architecture also
provides query, update, and transaction transparency.
9. The site autonomy means that each server
participating in a distributed database is administrated
…….from all other database.
10. In an oracle client/server or distributed database
environment, you have two options to support global
authentication for users and roles.
11. Enterprise manager is oracle’s database
administration tool.
12. Oracle SNMP supports allows an oracle server to be
located and queried by any SNMP based network
management system.
13. In difference in query languages, even with the same
data model the languages their version.
UNIT-8
1. The activity of ensuring atomicity in the presence of
transaction aborts is called transaction recovery.
2. The completion of transaction is called commit.
3.A log contains information for undoing or redoing all
the actions performed by the transations.
4.The activity of providing durability of the transactions is
called database recovery.
5.the two possible communications errors are ,lost
messages and network partitions.
6.The node where the distributed transaction originates
is called the global coordinator .
7.If a database server is reffrenced in a distributed
transaction , the value of its commit point strength
determines which role it plays in the two-phase commit.
8.The global coordinator forgets about the transactions
phase is called forget phase.
9.After the nodes are prepared the distributed
transactions is said to be in-doubt.
UNIT-9
1.The transaction wants only to read the data item of
mode is called as shared mode.
2.A sophisticated locking mechanism known as 2-phase
locking which includes growing phase and shrinking
phase.
3.The second problem that is faced by the DTM is
deadlock detection.
4.The total ordering of oprations across groups ensures
serializability of transacton.
5.The order concurrency control technique is based on
the total ordering property.
6.The database manager for ensuring correct execution
in the presence of failures.
7. distributed transaction can be completely read only
and the transaction is started with a SET-TRANSACTION
READ-ONLY statement.
UNIT-10
1.Security is an essential part of any backup.
2.For a backup /restore system scalability is a …….for
service in an enterprise.
3.The recovery manager environment consist of the
various applicaton and database that play the role in a
backup and recovery strategy.
4.A stored script is a block of RMAN job commands that
is stored in the recovery catalog.
5.The enrolling of a database in a recovery catalaog is
called registration.
6.Most backup and recovery commands in RMAN are
executed by server sessions.
7.By image copy is an exact copy of a single datafile
achived redo log file ,or control file.
8.The remote backup site some called the secondary site.
9.The simplified approach to introducing redundancy is
to duplicate every disk is called mirroring.
10.RAID LEVEL known as memory-style error correcting
code (ECC)organization ,employs parity bits.