PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
ORC Overview
October 13, 2016
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Rankine Cycle
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL 3
• A thermodynamic cycle which converts heat energy into mechanical work
• The primary components consist of:
– an evaporator (or boiler)
– a Turbine
– a Condenser
– and a pump.
• Real world examples of the Rankine Cycle: Steam Locomotive, Coal Power Plant, Nuclear Power Plant, ORC
What is an Rankine Cycle?
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
How an ORC works
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
ORC vs Steam
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Rankine Cycle: T-S Diagram
• Axis of Temperature
and Entropy
• Projection of Constant
Pressure Lines
• Convenient Means to
Visualize Vapor
Compression Cycles
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Rankine Cycle: T-S Diagram
Liquid Vapor
Two-Phase
This Bell Shaped Curve is Known as the Saturation Curve
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Rankine Cycle: Steam (Ideal)
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Process Steps:
• 1-2: Isentropic
Compression
• 2-3: Isobaric heat
addition
• 3-4: Isentropic
Expansion
• 4-1: Isobaric heat
rejection
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Why ORC vs Steam?
• Uses organic fluid (refrigerant)
• Lower saturation temperatures and pressures
• Produce power from low grade heat
• Non corrosive working medium
9
180
230
280
330
380
430
480
530
580
630
680
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Tem
pe
ratu
re (
K)
Entropy (kJ/kg-K)
Water
R245fa
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Different Working Fluids
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Working Fluids
• Isentropic Saturation Curve – Operating Temperature
– Operating Pressures
– Pressure Ratio of Cycle
• Heat of Vaporization & Density – Reduced pump load
• Environmental Impact – Ozone depletion potential (ODP)
– Global warming potential (GWP)
• Safety – Flammability
– Physical
• Availability & Cost
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Working Fluids
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Turbine Technologies
Axial Screw Radial Shrouded Radial
Can handle higher pressure ratios
Cheapest Efficient over large range Efficient over large range Hermetically sealed No shaft seals
Most Expensive Large Thrust Load
Least Efficient Shaft Seals
Shaft seals High speed
Integrated
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Company
Working Fluid HFC365mfc & PFPE (flammable)
Toluene (flammable)
R245fa R245fa
Turbine Technology
Muti-stage axial radial screw Shrouded radial
Bearing Technology
Ball Bearings Ball Bearings Ball Bearing Magnetic Bearings
Grid Interface Synchronous Generator
Inverter Synchronous
Generator Inverter
Some Players
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Different Markets
Industrial
Biomass Boilers Engines
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Sample Installations
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Hydrocurrent 125EJW ORC
on Maersk line
• Hydrocurrent 125EJW was installed on Arnold
Maersk while at sea (all work to retrofit was done
during voyage, no down time due to ORC)
• Power is being generated using (85°C) hot water
produced by the engine jacket water (EJW).
• The Thermapower ORCs produces 125 kW of
electric power feeding the ship grid.
Installation Highlights
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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Geothermal - Oita, Japan
• A Thermapower™ MT unit was commissioned at a
geothermal plant in Oita, Japan in June of 2014.
• Power is being generated using steam/hot water already
produced at the geothermal site.
• The Thermapower ORC produces 125 kW of electric
power feeding the utility grid.
Installation Highlights
8
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Biomass – Vigliano Biellese, Italy
• Two (2) Thermapower™ MT units where installed
at a pruning and composting plant (previously
sent to landfills) in Vigliano Biellese, Italy in
October 2010.
• Power is being generated using (150°C) hot water
produced by the biomass boiler.
• The Thermapower ORCs produce 250 kW of
electric power feeding the utility grid.
Installation Highlights
9
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Fuel Cell – Daegu, Korea
• One (1) Thermapower™ Prepackaged System installed at
Fuel Cell plant in Daegu, Korea.
• Power is being generated using steam produced from
exhaust of Fuel Cells.
• The Thermapower ORC produces 125 kW of electric power
feeding fuel cell parasitics/utility grid.
Installation Highlights
9
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
ORC Operation
9
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Heat Recovery Prepackaged Systems
22
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Heat Recovery Prepackaged Systems
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PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
Calnetix Background
• Company established in 1998
• Four founders still work at the company
• Global OEM customer base
• Thousands of units shipped with millions of
operating hours accumulated
25
• Corporate campus in Cerritos, California,
USA - 7.22 Acres (2.92 Hectare)
– Executive sales and administrative
– Engineering center
– Research and development areas for all
core technology
– Manufacturing (production)
– Testing and validation cells
– Quality control and assurance
PROPRIETARY AND CONFIDENTIAL
• Leading Technology for Motor Generators, Magnetic Bearings and Power Electronics
• Product Development and System Integration
• Manufacturing
Expertise
About Calnetix
Core Products and Technologies
3
Magnaforce™ Electric
Motor Generators
Vericycle™ Power
Electronics Insight™ Magnetic
Bearing Controllers
Powerflux™ Active
Magnetic Bearings
Our vision is to make a positive contribution to society and the
environment by helping to change the way the world harvests and
utilizes energy.