Organic Chem and Hydrocarbons
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mAjrnZ-znkY
What’s Going on?!
• Lessons 11&12 have been assigned as “independent learning”
• Will go over the most important points today• Everything in the text and green book is FAIR
GAME for the test• Review game• Tuesday at 4 – optional study session• Will have some housekeeping to do next week
so make sure you’re available for the whole class.
Key Terms
• Organic Compound• Expanded molecular formula• Saturated hydrocarbon• Hydrocarbon• Structural diagram• Isomers
• Refinery and tank storage facilities, like this one in Texas, are needed to change the hydrocarbons of crude oil to many different petroleum products. The classes and properties of hydrocarbons form one topic of study in organic chemistry.
Organic Chemistry• All living matter• Food we eat• Gasoline and coal (from
the remnants of ancient life)
• Wool and cotton• Vitamins, drugs,
medicines, perfumes• Synthetic organics –
plastics, nylon, and polyester.
Aspirin: From Organic “Salicin” to Synthesized “Acetyl Salicyclic Acid”
• 400 BC•
Greek physician Hippocrates prescribes the bark and leaves of the willow tree (rich in a substance called salicin) to relieve pain and fever.
1832•
A German chemist experiments with salicin and creates salicylic acid (SA).
1897•
Chemist, Felix Hoffmann, at Bayer in Germany, chemically synthesizes a stable form of ASA powder that relieves his father's rheumatism. The compound later becomes the active ingredient in aspirin named - "a" from acetyl, "spir" from the spirea plant (which yields salicin) and "in," a common suffix for medications.
1899•
Bayer distributes aspirin powder to physicians to give to their patients. Aspirin is soon the number one drug worldwide.
General Properties of Inorganic vs. Organic Compounds
PROPERTIES INORGANIC ORGANIC
Quantity of compounds 500,000 3,000,000
Elements All C, H, O, N
Number of atoms per molecule Few atoms Many atoms
Structure Simple structure Complex structure
Bonding Ionic Covalent
Example NaCl C6H12O6
Electrolytes Electrolytes Non-electrolytes
Melting Point High Low
Boiling Point High Low
Soluble in _____solvents Polar solvents Non-polar solvents
Flammability Not flammable Flammable
Hydrocarbons• Where have
we seen this before?
Hydrocarbons
• Contain H and C• Building blocks from which all other organic
compounds can be formed• Mostly used to produce energy, or to make
materials (plastics, nylons, etc.)• Major source are fossil fuels• Crude oil is transported to refineries where
hydrocarbons are separated using a process called fractional distillation.
Origin of Fossil Fuels• Petroleum is formed within the
crust of the earth. It is also called crude oil. Scientists think that the bodies of prehistoric sea animals and plants became trapped in sediments. After millions of years, heat and pressure changed them into crude oil and natural gas. Crude oil and natural gas are usually found together in the crust of the earth. To get the oil and gas, it is necessary to drill into the earth's crust.
• Figure 13.2, p.p 537
Carbon – The Master Bonder
• Has four bonding electrons
• 4 strong covalent bonds
• Can also bond to itself• Bonds mostly with H,
O, N, P, S, and Cl
Make that a single….no, double…..no, triple!
• Allows C to form long chains• Fairly stable at STP
Carbon can make fun shapes!
• Carbon can bond together to form a variety of geometrical shapes
• Straight chains, branched chains, rings, sheets, tubes and spheres
• No other atoms can do this
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmC8Dg4n-ZA
Carbon, it’s EVERYWHERE
• In pencils• Diamonds• Graphite• Charcoal• Natural gas,
petroleum, propane, etc.
• Human by-product, also in every major molecule in the body.
• Used in photosynthesis
Expanding Molecular Formulas
• How would you draw C2H6? What about C4H10?
• C2H6 = Ethane: natural gas and by-product of petroleum refinement
• C4H10 = Butane: liquid gas, used for cooking, lighters, etc. Also can be combined with propane to form LPG (liquid petroleum gas)
Structural, Expanded, Molecular
Isomers of C6H14 (Hexane)
Figure 13.6 pp. 540-541
Propane, Propane
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldoT2mHubGE
• Draw the structural diagram and give the expanded molecular formula for propane, C3H8.
• What is the balanced combustion reaction for propane?