Powerpoint TemplatesPage 1
Powerpoint Templates
WEEK 5:
ORGANIZING THE BODY OF THE SPEECH
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 15
DISCUSSION
1.What is speech organization?
2.Why is speech organization important?
3.What patterns/orders of speech organization do you know?
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 16
Watch a video. Remember to take notes on:- Definition of speech organization- Reasons why speech organization is
important- Methods of speech organization (Speech
organizational patterns)
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 17
SPEECH ORGANIZATION
• Putting a speech together in a particular way to achieve a particular result with a particular audience.
• Effectively taking the information one wishes to present and arranging it in a logical order
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 18
Main idea
• The central purpose of your speech
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 19
Main points
• The major points developed in the body of a speech
• Smaller chunks of information to break down the main idea
How many main points should a speech contain?- Maximum: 5 main points- But most speeches: two to three main
points
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 20
Tips for Preparing Main Points
• Keep main points separate• Try to use the same pattern
of wording for main points• Balance the amount of time devoted to
main points
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 21
WHY IS SPEECH ORGANIZATION IMPORTANT?
• The speaker’s credibility: A well-organized speech increased the audience’s belief on the speaker’s (and the speech itself) competence and trustworthiness
• Audience understanding: enjoyable, easier to understand and remember the speech well
• The speaker: boost confidence, and improve the ability to deliver a message fluently
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 23
Chronological Order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a time pattern.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 24
Chronological OrderSpecific Purpose: To inform my audience how the
Great Wall of China was built.
Main Points: I. Building of the Great Wall began during the Qin dynasty of 221-206 B.C.
II. New sections of the Great Wall were added during the Han dynasty of 206 B.C.-220 A.D.
III. The Great Wall was completed during the Ming Dynasty of 1368-1644.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 25
Spatial Order
A method of speech organization in which the main points follow a directional pattern.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 26
Spatial OrderSpecific Purpose: To inform my audience about the
structure of a hurricane.
Main Points: I. At the center of a hurricane is the calm, cloud-free eye.
II. Surrounding the eye is the eyewall, a dense ring of clouds that produces the most intense wind and rainfall.
III. Rotating around the eyewall are large bands of clouds and
precipitation called spiral rain bands.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 27
Causal OrderA method of speech organization in which the main points show a cause-effect relationship.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 28
Causal Order
Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the possible causes for the collapse of Mayan civilization.
Main Points: I. Mayan civilization flourished for over a thousand years until 900 A.D., when it mysteriously
began to disintegrate. (EFFECT)
II. Scholars have advanced three major explanations for the
causes of this disintegration. (CAUSE)
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 29
Problem-Solution Order
A method of speech organization in which the first main point deals with the existence and seriousness of a problem and the second main point presents a solution to the problem.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 30
Problem-Solution OrderSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience that
legislation is needed to control the abuses of fraudulent charity fund-raisers.
Main Points: I. Fraudulent charity fund-raising has become a widespread national problem.
II. The problem can be solved by a
combination of government initiative and individual
awareness.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 31
Topical OrderA method of speech organization in which the main points divide the topic into logical and consistent subtopics.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 32
Topical OrderSpecific Purpose: To inform my audience about
the achievements of Ida Wells-Barnett.
Main Points: I. As a teacher, Wells-Barnett spoke out against inferior school facilities for African-American
children.
II. As a journalist, Wells-Barnett campaigned against lynching.
III. As a civic organizer, Wells- Barnett helped found the NAACP.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 33
Connective
A word or phrase that connects the ideas of a speech and indicates the relationship between them.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 34
Types of Connectives• Transition• Internal preview• Internal summary• Signpost
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 35
Transition
A word or phrase that indicates when a speaker has finished one thought and is moving on to another.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 36
Transitions• Now that we have seen how
drinking too much is a serious problem for students and their communities, let us look at some causes.
• So much for the present; what about the future?
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 37
Internal Preview
A statement in the body of the speech that lets the audience know what the speaker is going to discuss next.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 38
Internal Preview“In discussing how Asian Americans have been stereotyped in the mass media, we’ll look first at the origins of the problem and second at its continuing impact today.”
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 39
Transition Combined with an Internal Preview
(Transition): Now that we have seen how serious the problem of faulty credit reports is, let’s look at some solutions.
(Internal Preview): I will focus on three solutions—instituting tighter government regulation of credit bureaus, holding credit bureaus financially responsible for their errors, and giving individuals easier access to their credit reports.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 40
Internal Summary
A statement in the body of the speech that summarizes the speaker’s preceding point or points.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 41
Internal Summary
“In short, palm reading is an ancient art. Developed in China more than 5,000 years ago, it was practiced in classical Greece and Rome, flourished during the Middle Ages, survived the Industrial Revolution, and remains popular today.”
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 42
SignpostA very brief statement that indicates where a speaker is in the speech or that focuses attention on key ideas.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 43
Signposts
The first cause of this problem is inefficient
agricultural production.
The second cause is recurrent drought in
the affected countries.
The final cause is mismanagement of
available food resources by local leaders.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 44
Discussion
1. What organization patterns should we use for informative speech?
2. What organization patterns should we use for persuasive speech?
Make a list
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 45
ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR INFORMATIVE SPEECH
• Chronological order• Spatial order• Causal order• Problem-solution order• Topical order
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 46
Objects
• History or evolution of the object: chronological order
• Main features of your object: spatial order
• Subtopics: topical order
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 48
Events
• History of an event: Chronological order
• A combination of angles: features, origins, implications, benefits, future developments, etc.: topical order
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 49
Concepts
• Main features/aspects of a concept: Topical order
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 50
ORGANIZATIONAL PATTERNS FOR PERSUASIVE SPEECH
Watch a video and take notes
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 51
Question of facts
Usually: Topical order
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 52
Persuasive Speech on a Question of Fact
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience that an earthquake of 9.0 or above on the Richter scale will hit California in the next ten years.
Main Points: I. California is long overdue for a major earthquake.
II. Many geological signs indicate that a major earthquake may happen
soon.
III. Experts agree that a major earthquake could hit California any day.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 53
Questions of value
• Almost always: topical order- Establishing the standards for your value
judgement- Analysing the standards to the subject of
your speech
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 54
Persuasive Speech on aQuestion of Value
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience thatcapital punishment is morally and legally wrong.
Main Points: I. Capital punishment violates the biblical commandment “Thou shalt not kill.”
II. Capital punishment violates the constitutional ban on “cruel and unusual punishment.”
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 55
Questions of policy
• Problem-solution order• Problem-cause – solution order• Comparative advantages order• Monroe’s motivated sequence
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 56
Problem-Solution Order
Main point I: Documents the existence
of a problem.
Main point II: Presents a solution to the
problem.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 57
Problem-Solution OrderSpecific Purpose: To persuade my audience that
the use of antibacterial chemicals in household products is creating health and
environmental problems.
Main Points: I. The use of antibacterial chemicals in household products is a serious problem.
II. Solving these problems requires a combination of government and consumer action.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 58
Problem-Cause-Solution Order
Main point I: Documents the existence
of a problem.
Main point II: Analyzes the causes of the
problem.
Main point III: Presents a solution to the
problem.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 59
Problem-Cause-Solution Order
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience thatthe age for full motor-vehicle driving privileges should be raised to 18.
Main Points: I. The number of accidents and death involving teenage drivers is a serious national problem.
II. There are four main causes of the problem.
III. We can help solve these problems by raising the age for full driving privileges.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 60
Comparative Advantages Order
Each main point explains why a speaker's solution to a problem is preferable to other potential solutions.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 61
Comparative Advantages Order
Specific Purpose: To persuade my audience thatthe U.S. space program shouldput greater priority on unstaffedscientific missions.
Main Points: I. Unstaffed scientific missions are less costly than staffed space flights.
II. Unstaffed scientific missions provide more practical benefits than staffed space flights.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 62
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
A five-step sequence designed especially for organizing persuasive speeches that seek immediate action.
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 63
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
Provide a solution to the need
Satisfaction:
Show the need for changeNeed:
Gain the attention of the audience
Attention:
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 64
Monroe’s Motivated Sequence
Urge the audience to take action in support of the solution
Action:
Intensify desire for the solution by visualizing its benefits
Visualization:
Powerpoint TemplatesPage 65
HOMEWORK
• Before Thursday 23/10/2014: finalizing your speech topics (based on your teacher’s comments)
• After Thursday 23/10/2014: do research and choose an organizational pattern for your speech. Post the outline of your speech BODIES to the course online. Deadline: 24:00 Sunday 26/10/2014