Know definitions of Hazard, Risk, significant Hazard Recognize importance of significant Hazard to the
OSHMS Learn OSHMA requirements for Hazard
identification
Objectives of this Session
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
HAZARDA hazard is simply a condition or a set ofcircumstances that present a potential for harm.Hazards are divided into two broad categories:
Health hazards (cause occupational illnesses)
Safety Hazards (cause physical harm injuries)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
SUPERVISORSUPERVISOR
Cost of Accidents
SufferingLost of earning
Extra expenses
Effect on familyContinuing disability
Effect onsport & hobbies
VICTIM AND DEPENDENTSVICTIM AND DEPENDENTS
Worry RecriminationReport, extra work, training new staff
Loss prestige
SECTION OR DEPARTMENTSECTION OR DEPARTMENT MoraleCapacitytoproduce
FIRM OR ORGANISATIONFIRM OR ORGANISATIONLoss of earningCompensation
Extra insurancepremium
Lost of clientDamage tothe equipmentand materials
Loss in payingin legal action Penalty
NATIONNATIONLoss ofincome ina form ofincome tax
Loss ofmorale
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
The Heart of Safety Management is the Control of Risk.HOW?
● The removal of the Hazard where possible.● Controlling the residual risk arising as a
consequence of the remaining hazard.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Risk Assessment Requirement from OSHAS 18001
Requirement from Laws and regulation bodies
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
● Look for the Hazards.● Decide who might be harmed and in what circumstances.● Evaluate the Risks and the adequacy of existing Controls.● Record the significant findings● Review the assessment.
5 steps to Risk Assessment
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
● Physical.● Chemical.● Biological.● Ergonomic.● Psychological.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Step-1-Identify the Hazards
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
GENERAL HAZARDS Conditions of access paths, roads & working area floors. Fire / Explosion. Confined Spaces. Work at height (Falling Objects Fall from height). Pressure Systems. Hazardous substances: Dust/fume &vapour/liquid/gas/ powder. Noise & Vibration. Electricity – Live / Capacitive / Static Heavy materials handling by manual labour.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
GENERAL HAZARDS Work in proximity to mechanical handling equipment e.g.
Fork Lift,Truck’s etc. Work in proximity to mobile plant and heavy vehicles, Work with external energy sourced machinery e.g. wood
working cutting and forming. Metal turning, bending, pressingand drilling etc.
Ambient Temperature – (Heat stroke,Heat exhaustion).
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
GENERAL HAZARDS Weather conditions – Wind / Rain, Humidity etc. Poor or inadequate lighting. Poor or inadequate ventilation. Insufficient working space (Ergonomics / Location, etc.). Inadequate supervision:
Work out of normal hours- nights / weekends /holidays / overtimeand lone working etc.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
GENERAL HAZARDS Inexperienced / untrained / unskilled operatives. Radioactive isotopes and X-Rays Poor Storage of hazardous / flammable materials etc. Bad Housekeeping. Violent behaviour
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
● Consider groups who may be especially at Risk.
● the disabled, pregnant workers, children and youngworkers.
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
● Consider the likelihood and Severity● Are existing controls adequate?● Is there anything else that can be done to make it safer?(ERICPD)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
• the significant hazards• The existing control measures.• Identification of workers affected.• Reference to other guidance.
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
The new work place Change in method New process or plant Competency of individuals New legal requirements
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
● The potential severity of harm; and● The likelihood that harm will occur.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Determination of Risk
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
● Not Harmful (NH)● Slightly Harmful (SH)● Harmful (H)● Extremely Harmful (EH)● Multiple Casualties (M)● Catastrophic (C)
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENTSeverity of Harm (S)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Superficial injuries; minor cuts and bruises; eye irritation fromdust; Nuisance and irritation e.g. headaches; ill-health leadingto temporary discomfort .
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Severity of Harm (S)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Lacerations; burns; concussion; serious sprains; minorfractures; Deafness; dermatitis; asthma; work-related upper limbdisorders; ill-health leading to permanent minor disability.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Severity of Harm (S)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Amputations; major fracture; poisoning; multiple injury to anindividual; fatal injuries; Occupational cancer; other severely lifeshortening diseases; acute fatal disease.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Severity of Harm (S)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Multiple injury, fatal injuries, Occupational cancer, other severelylife shortening diseases acute fatal disease likely to affect agroup of workers simultaneously.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Severity of Harm (S)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENTSeverity of Harm (S)
A Major industrial incident affecting the general public over alarge area. Multiple fatalities and injuries, Occupational disease& other severely life shortening diseases acute fatal disease.
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Likelihood of Harm (L)
No.
Exp
osed
100 + 6 6 5 4 3
50 -100 6 5 4 3 3
25 – 50 6 4 3 2 2
15 – 25 6 3 3 2 1
5 –15 6 3 2 1 1
1 – 5 6 2 1 1 1
Time Continuous 5 hrs + 2 to 4 hrs .25 to 1hr 10min or less
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Severity
Lik
elih
ood
36302418126
30252015105
2420161284
181512963
12108642
654321
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISKMANAGEMENT
Murray &RobertsMurray &
Roberts
Murray &Roberts
TAKENAKA
Murray &RobertsMurray &
Roberts
Murray &Roberts
Murray &RobertsMurray &
Roberts
Murray &Roberts
TAKENAKA
Risk Rating (R)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
R6 = 1 to 6 = Trivial
LOWR5 = 8 to 10 = Tolerable
R4 = 12 = Moderate
MEDIUMR3 = 15, 16 & 18 = Substantial
R2 = 20-25 = High
HIGHR1= 30 – 36 Intolerable
Risk Can Vary Between 1 & 36
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENTRisk Rating (R)
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Put efforts to reduce risk. Carefully measure the cost for the presentation. Limit the risk Reduce Risk within a defined time period.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Further assessment required. Establish more precisely the likelihood of the harm. Improve control measures. Apply permit to work.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Do not start the work until the risk is reduced. Allocate considerable resources to reduce the work. If work already in progress stop the work and initiate
urgent action.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
Do not start the work until the risk is reduced. Do not continue if the work is in progress. Work has to remain prohibited even if it is impossible to
reduce risk with unlimited resources.
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598
RISK ASSESSMENT & RISK MANAGEMENT
REVIEW YOUR ASSESMENT & REVISE IT IF NECESSARY.
RECORD YOUR FINDINGS
EVALUATE THE RISKS & DECIDE WHETHER THE EXISTINGPRECAUTIONS ARE ADEQUATE OR WHETHER MORE SHOULDBE DONE.
DECIDE WHO MIGHT BE HARMED AND HOW
STEP 1 LOOK FOR THE ‘HAZARDS’
STEP 2
STEP3
STEP4
STEP5
Ramasubramanian Managemnetconsultant/Auditor/Trainer +919952229598