European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
Overview of biomethane use in transport
Marco Tassan
European workshop on biomethane – Markets, value chains and application
11 March 2014 - Brussels
DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre 2
Current Scenario and lines of action towards the reduction of CO2 emissions
Alternative fuels Road map
Biomaster Project experience
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
TRANSPORT SECTOR
3
• Total motor vehicles in EU27 are 16.2m units , 19%
of worldwide MV production
• The transport sector directly employs 13 million
people, constituting 5.3% of total employment
• The industry generates 4.6% of the gross domestic
product (GDP).
• The production of transport equipment represents an
additional 1.7% of GDP
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT PROBLEMS PROBLEMS
http://ec.europa.eu/transport/strategies/facts-and-figures/all-themes/index_it.htm
http://www.acea.be/uploads/statistic_documents/POCKET_GUIDE_13_26.pdf
SAFETY
Road transport is considerably more
dangerous than other mobility systems, even if
the technologies for road safety (such as
braking systems developed and / or other
electronic control devices) are helping to
reduce these figures.
TRAFFIC CONGESTION
The costs arising from traffic and traffic jams
account for about 1% of gross domestic
product (GDP) each year.
ENERGY and ENVIRONMENT
Emissions of greenhouse gases from transport
(including international aviation and maritime)
increased by about 34% between 1990 and
2008. During the same period, the energy
sector has reduced emissions by about 9%.
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre 4
In the EU-27 demand for both passenger and goods will increase significantly:
approx. +18% and +30% between 2010 and 2030
GpKm: Giga-passenger-kilometer , it measures the Passenger transport activity
Gtkm : 109 gross tonne-kilometres, it measures the Goods transport activity
Source: http://www.fondazionesvilupposostenibile.org/f/Documenti/CO2+Trasporti/cap_5.pdf
TRANSPORT SECTOR
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
Source: National GHG inventory report, 2012; EEA proxy estimate of 2011 GHG
emissions; national GHG projection data submitted in 2011
CO2 EMISSIONS BY SECTOR
(EU-27)
5
The CO2 emissions of the transport sector have seen growing while there is a decrease in relation to other
sectors as agriculture or energy
In 2008 there was a 25% increase compared to 1990
In 2011, the transport sector produced about 20% of all the CO2 produced by man
GHG emissions - 2010
Transport
Agriculture
Energy use
Energy supply
Industry
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
CO2 EMISSIONS
• Average emissions of new cars sold in
Europe in 2012 were 132.2 g CO2/km, which
is 2.6 % lower than the previous year.
• Of the large manufacturers, Fiat had the
lowest average emissions (117 g CO2/km).
• Emission limits are set according to the mass
of vehicle, using a limit value curve.(fleet
average of 130 grams of CO2 per kilometre
by 2015 and 95 grams of CO2 per km by
2021)
• If the average CO2 emissions of a
manufacturer's fleet exceed its limit value in
any year from 2012, the manufacturer has
to pay an excess emissions premium for
each car registered
http://www.best-selling-cars.com/europe/2013-q3-europe-best-selling-car-manufacturers-brands/CO2 emissions performanceof car manufacturers in 2012 – European Environment Agency
http://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/transport/vehicles/cars/index_en.htm
• This premium amounts to €5 for the first g/km of exceedance, €15 for the second g/km, €25 for the third g/km, and €95
for each subsequent g/km. From 2019, the cost will be €95 from the first gram of exceedance onwards.
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
• Fiat group (Fiat Group Automobiles) had the lowest
average CO2 emissions (117 g CO2/km) among the
large manufacturers.
• Over the period 2000–2012, specific CO2 emissions of
new cars registered in the EU by the Fiat group
decreased by 25 %.
• Downsizing, i.e. the shift to smaller and lighter
vehicles, has been one of the drivers for this reduction.
In fact, since 2003 the share of small cars in the Fiat
fleet increased considerably.
• Fiat has the lowest average car mass amongst the
large manufacturers (1 129 kg). The increasing share
of diesel and alternative fuel vehicles in Fiat's fleet,
notably those that run on liquefied petroleum gas
(LPG) and natural gas (NG), has also contributed to
the observed emission reductions.
• The number of LPG and NG vehicles exceeded 19 %
of total Fiat registrations in 2009. This share
decreased to 16 % in 2012. Compared to the previous
year, Fiat reduced emissions by 1 g CO2/km.
ACTIONS TOWARDS THE CO2
EMISSION REDUCTION
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
ACTIONS TOWARDS THE CO2
EMISSION REDUCTION
System approach in order to identify the right mix of objectives between the various
interventions and in order to reach the best compromise in terms of performance / cost ratio:
the vehicle is part of a transport system and it is integrated with suitable infrastructures
Alternative fuels
contribute
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre 9
Current Scenario and lines of action towards the reduction of CO2 emissions
Alternative fuels Road map
Biomaster Project experience
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
ALTERNATIVE FUELS - ROAD MAP
Today 2020 …
Available technology
- 23% of CO2 emissions than petrol
-75% NOx
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre 11
CNG is the most eco-friendly fuel available today
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
ROAD MAP
• CNG reduces CO2 emissions
• CNG reduces nitrogen
• oxides emissions
• CNG prevents emission of
noxious substances (i.e.
hydrocarbons, benzene)
• Compared to diesel: no PM10 emissions
• Compared to gasoline
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre 12
CNG is the second safest fuel, after diesel CNG is the cheapest fuel available today
• According to the EPA standards, CNG is
safer than gasoline and LPG, second only to
diesel
• CNG vehicles (OEM) undergo the same
crash tests of the conventional vehicles
• Compared to after market transformations,
OEM vehicles have a more rational gas
cylinder layout and have better boot capacity
• The kilometric cost of the methane
is considerably lower than the
other standard fuels
ALTERNATIVE FUELS
ROAD MAP
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
ALTERNATIVE FUELS - ROAD MAP
Today 2020 …
Available technology
- 23% of CO2 emissions than petrol
-75% NOx
DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:140:0016:0062:en:PDF
BIOMETHANE
EU Mandatory: 10% of transport fuels from renewable energies within 2020
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
ALTERNATIVE FUEL COMPARISON
• By using biomethane
produced from
renewable sources,
CNG technology offers
the same ecological
advantages as electric
technology using
energy produced from
renewable sources.
• Biomethane produced
from biomasses is a
second generation bio-
fuel with no impact on
food production
• Biomethane can be
distributed through the
existing CNG pipeline
network
Well-to-wheel” emissions – Fiat Panda compared with electric cars in the same segment
* CO2 emissions (Tank-to-wheel): 120 g/km
Source: Fiat data (from the JRC “well-to-wheel” analysis study and others)
THE “WELL-TO-WHEEL” APPROACH
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
ALTERNATIVE FUELS - ROAD MAP
Today 2020 …
Available technology
- 23% of CO2 emissions than petrol
-75% NOx
EU Mandatory: 10% of transport fuels from renewable energies within 2020
DIRECTIVE 2009/28/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=Oj:L:2009:140:0016:0062:en:PDF
BIOMETHANE
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
Adding CNG to a fraction of GREEN hydrogen we obtain an advantageous
technology in several aspects: it is possible to take advantage of some properties
of hydrogen for enhancing the already excellent "green" natural gas minimizing
the associated criticity using only hydrogen.
It is a Technology "bridge", enabling investment in hydrogen infrastructure.
Environmental Benefits:
• Fraction of 30% of H2 reduces the CO2 emissions by 11%
compared to natural gas, 31% gasoline and 15% compared to
diesel
• Reduction of polluting emissions (THC, CO and NOx) achieves
EEV and approaches to future Euro VI standard
• Zero PM emissions
• Low noise compared to diesel vehicles
• Equivalent to the same
natural gas vehicle
• Potentially applicable on all
methane platforms using
specific measures to adapt
FLEX-FUEL
H2 from 0 to 30%
Hydro – Methane Blends
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre 17
Current Scenario and lines of action towards the reduction of CO2 emissions
Alternative fuels Road map
Biomaster Project experience
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
The Biomaster Project
Survey of current CNG Users
• The survey done in Biomaster aims to
compare the situation in the four
different BIOMASTER regions
regarding the perception of gas as
vehicle fuel.
• In particular this survey wants to
evaluate the degree of awareness
and acceptance of natural gas and
biomethane in the vehicle market
interviewing selected target groups
of potential private and public users.
• Nowadays the situation in the
BIOMASTER regions is
heterogeneous and can vary as
much from one site to another one.
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
The Biomaster Project
NGV Vehicles overview
• 3.350 NG filling stations
• 0,5 % market share
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
The Biomaster Project
Survey of current CNG Users
• The gas vehicle market is more developed in Italy and Sweden than in UK and Poland.
• On the other hand, Italy does not produce biomethane yet (despite the large number of biogas
plants) as opposed to Sweden where biomethane is already in use.
• UK and Poland have only 70 distributors of methane for cars: in these countries the gas vehicle
market is at an initial stage and need to be more developed.
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
http://www.alvolante.it/news/mercato-auto-italia-il-consuntivo-del-2013-332809
http://www.ansa.it/documents/1386667264806_Italia_StrutturaMercato_112013.pdf
2013 Registered cars: 1,303 million,
-7.1% compared to 2012
68.059 CNG cars or 5.2% of the total (26.6%)
2012 Registered cars 1,403 million,
-19.8% compared to 2011
53.700 CNG cars equal to 3.81% of the total (40.5%)
2011
Registered cars : 1,749 million,
38.200 CNG cars 2,18% of the total
• Despite the collapse of the car market, there has been an increase in the area of NG
Vehicles
• Italy is the leading country in Europe with the largest number of filling stations (more than
900 compressed natural gas refuelling points)
The Biomaster Project
Survey of current CNG Users - Italy
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
The Biomaster Project
Survey of current CNG Users
• The perception of NGV’s is
good in general and users are
satisfied
• The main reason of purchasing
a NG/Biomethane vehicles is
fuel saving
• The environmental aspect of
NG /Biomethane is a very
important driver for choosing
NGV’s
• NG/biomethane is considered
by the users not more
dangerous than the standard
fuels
• There seems to be a good
general knowledge of
alternative fuels such as
biomethane, although in some
cases, people still get
confusion with name.
• A consistent part of the people
look at biomethane as a further
incentive to buy a CNG vehicle.
European workshop on biomethane - Markets, value chains and applications
11 March 2014 – Brussels - DIAMANT Conference & Business Centre
• The transport sector is responsible for 23% of CO2 emissions and the continued
demand for mobility determines that a continuous increase must be balanced and
reduced by continuous improvements in vehicle efficiency;
• Among the actions to reduce CO2 emissions alternative fuels from natural gas, which is
already a reality in many countries, can contribute significantly to the reduction of CO2
(it is essential to aim for a strong infrastructure development);
• Fuels from renewable sources such as BIOMETHANE have great opportunities for
development and will play an important role in the near future for transport (target of
10% by 2020), but also for agriculture sector;
• To enable and promote the development and application of fuels from renewable
sources is extremely important to move towards a system approach and supply chain
involving all stakeholders necessary (public administration, companies, research
world,…).
CONCLUSIONS
CRF Trento Branch
20 Novembre, 2010
Overview of biomethane use
in transport
Marco Tassan
Centro Ricerche Fiat S.C.p.A.
Via della Stazione, 27
38123 Fraz. Mattarello TRENTO, Italia
Tel +39 0461 412317 - Fax +39 0461 412325