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Psychiatric Mental HealthPsychiatric Mental Health
NursingNursing
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Overview ofOverview of
Psychiatric/Mental HealthPsychiatric/Mental HealthNursingNursing
OutlineSimilarities & differences between
psychiatric nursing and other fields of
nursingSkills & knowledge of the psychiatric nurse
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Overview ofOverview of
Psychiatric/mental HealthPsychiatric/mental HealthNursingNursing
T
he importance of psychiatric nursing sk
illsin all clinical settings
Career opportunities
Postgraduate study & endorsement
Professional affiliation
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The Psychiatric/mental HealthThe Psychiatric/mental Health
NurseNurse Mental Health Nursing is a specialised
field of nursing which focuses on meeting
the mental health needs of the consumer, in
partnership with family, significant others
and the community in any setting. It is a
specialised interpersonal processembodying a concept of caring. (p. 3)
ANZCMHN (1995)
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The Essence ofThe Essence of
Psychiatric/mental HealthPsychiatric/mental HealthNursingNursing
Lies not in tasks performed or with the presenting
illness but in the relationship that develops withclients and families and their responses to theillness, including the impact that the illness has ontheir lives.
The essence is in establishing a therapeuticpartnership, a connectedness, between the nurseand client which is based on empathy and trust.
Elsom (2001)
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Similarities & Differences
Similarities & Differences
SIMILARITIES
Work in close contact with people from a wide
variety of backgrounds
Provide CARE for people with a wide variety of
illnesses
Involved in health promotion and illnessprevention
Nursing philosophy of benevolence
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Similarities & Differences
Similarities & Differences
SIMILARITIES
Education: must meet required level of
knowledge and skills to attainregistration/endorsement
Governed by the Nurses Codes
Professional Conduct & Ethics Structure of workhours, salary, benefits
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Similarities & Differences
Similarities & DifferencesDIFFERENCES
Core focus of Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Therapeutic relationship
Use of self as a therapeutic tool
People-centred approach, engaging clients indiscourse, promoting change
Less taskorientated
Less technical environment
Professional autonomy
Moir & Abraham (1996)
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Similarities & Differences
Similarities & Differences
DIFFERENCES
Clinical competence based on interpersonal
techniques
Stuart & Laraia (2001)
Less repetition in process & procedures due to
client individualityMoir & Abraham (1996)
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Philosophy of the ProfessionPhilosophy of the Profession
Each individual:
Has intrinsic worth and dignity and eachperson is worthy of respect.
Has the potential to change.
Has common, basic human needs Varies in their coping capacities
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Philosophy of the professionPhilosophy of the profession
Each individual(s):
Behaviour is meaningful
Has a right to equal opportunity for
adequate health care.
Has the right to participate in decisionmaking regarding their care.
Has the right to self-determination
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Philosophy of the professionPhilosophy of the profession
The fundamental premise is:
The goal of nursing care is to promotewellness, maximise integratedfunctioning.nursing care is based onmutually determined needs and expectedtreatment outcomes..
An interpersonal relationship can producechange and growth within the individual.
Stuart & Laraia (2001, p. 7)
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The Knowledge, Skills &The Knowledge, Skills &
Attitudes of theAttitudes of thePsychiatric/mental Health NursePsychiatric/mental Health Nurse
The knowledge base of the
psychiatric/mental health nurse isgrounded in the integration of the
biological, psychological, spiritual, social
and environmental realms of the human
experience.
Stuart & Laraia (2001)
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The Knowledge, Skills &The Knowledge, Skills &
Attitudes of theAttitudes of thePsychiatric/mental Health NursePsychiatric/mental Health Nurse
Broad context of care
Requires purposeful use of self as a therapeutictool
Knowing you, Knowing me (Awareness ofself) Barker, Jackson & Stevenson (1999)
Requires great sensitivity to the socialenvironment & advocacy needs of clients/families
Requires careful consideration of legal & ethicalissues
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The Knowledge, Skills &The Knowledge, Skills &
Attitudes of theAttitudes of thePsychiatric/mental Health NursePsychiatric/mental Health NurseTHERAPEUTIC NURSE-CLIENT RELATIONSHIP
Physical dimension
Safety dimension Social dimension
Spiritual dimension
Provision of treatment modalities
Encouraging self-determination
Provision of information
Cowman, Farrelly & Gilheany (2001)
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The Knowledge, Skills & AttitudesThe Knowledge, Skills & Attitudes
of the Psychiatric/mental Healthof the Psychiatric/mental Health
NurseNurse Milieu management
Assessing, planning, implementing & evaluating
care
Pharmacological interventions
Documentation/Administration
Legal requirements Educating/supervision
Coordination/Multidisciplinary team member
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The Importance ofThe Importance of
Psychiatric/mental Health NursingPsychiatric/mental Health NursingKnowledge, Skills & AttitudesKnowledge, Skills & Attitudes
In Australia, one in five persons will at
some stage in their lives, experience a
major mental illness.
Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care Services (1997)
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The Importance ofThe Importance of
Psychiatric/mental Health NursingPsychiatric/mental Health NursingKnowledge, Skills & AttitudesKnowledge, Skills & Attitudes
Exposure to clients with mental health problems
or illness in any area of practice
Skills will assist the nurse to provide comfort to
clients who may be experiencing a myriad ofemotions. I.e. grief, anxiety, anger, cognitive
deficits and subsequent behaviour, and diagnosed
mental illness
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The Importance ofThe Importance of
Psychiatric/mental Health NursingPsychiatric/mental Health NursingKnowledge, Skills & AttitudesKnowledge, Skills & Attitudes
Mental state assessment skills
Early intervention - reduced stays, improved
recovery rates. Improved client outcomes
Nurse more comfortable, confident in working
with clients with mental illness
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Career
Opportunities
Career
Opportunities
Diversity within the profession
Attractive transferable skills
Consultation
Management
Education Independent Practitioner
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Career
Opportunities
Career
Opportunities
DIVERSITY
Public & Private Mental Health Services
In-Patient Facilities
Out-patient or Day-patient Programs
Crisis Assessment & Treatment Teams
Community TeamsConsultation-Liaison Mental Health Nurse
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CareerOpportunitiesCareerOpportunities
DIVERSITY
Adult Acute
Community
Adult Rehabilitation
Child & Adolescent
Aged Mental Health
ForensicSpecialty Programs: I.e. Eating Disorders, Substance
Abuse Treatment, Cognitive Behavioural Programs,
Parent-Infant.
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Career
Opportunities
Career
Opportunities
Career structure
Professional development
Clinical supervision
Scholarships
Graduate nurse Programs
Postgraduate StudyPaid study leave
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Postgraduate Study &Postgraduate Study &
EndorsementEndorsement Postgraduate studies in Psychiatric/Mental Health
Nursing
Graduate Diploma
Graduate Certificate
Endorsement by the NBV (Where relevant)
Highly attractive to prospective employers
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Professional AffiliationProfessional Affiliation Australian Collage ofMental Health Nurses
ACMHN.
Standards of Practice
Centre for Psychiatric Nursing (CPN)
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ReflectionR
eflectionNurses are traveling companions with
patients, not travel agents the heart
(of nursing) is the skills and values
needed by nurses to establish and
maintain human contact with patients.
Peck& Norman (1999)
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ReferencesReferences Australian and New Zealand Collage ofMental Health Nurses Inc.
(ANZCMHN) (1995). Standards of Practice for Mental HealthNursing in Australia Adelaide: ANZCMHN Inc.
Barker, P., Jackson, S. & Stevenson, C. (1999). What are psychiatricnurses needed for? Developing a theory of essential nursing
practiceJ
ournal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing 6,273-282.
Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care Services.(1997).National Mental Health Report 1996: Fourth Annual Report,Changes in Australias Mental Health Services under the National
Mental Health Strategy 1995-6. Canberra: Australian GovernmentPrinting Services
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ReferencesR
eferences Cowman, S., Farrelly, M. & Gilheany, P. (2001). An examination ofthe role and function of psychiatric nurses in clinical practice inIreland Journal of Advanced Nursing 34(6), 745-753.
Elsom, S. (2001). The active participants in Mental Health Services.
In Meadows, G. & Singh, B. (Ed.),Mental Health in Australia,Collaborative Community Practice (pp. 136-162). Melbourne:Oxford University Press.
Grigg, M. (2001) The role of the psychiatric nurse.AustralasianPsychiatry 9(2), 143-145.
Peck, E. & Norman, I. (1999). Working together in adult communitymental health services: exploring inter-professional role relations.Journal of Mental Health 8, 231-242