OverviewOverview
Who are the minorities in Europe today? Who are the minorities in Europe today? Three waves of international migrantsThree waves of international migrants Refugees and asylum-seekers todayRefugees and asylum-seekers today Europe’s Muslim minoritiesEurope’s Muslim minorities Challenges for European societiesChallenges for European societies ConclusionsConclusions
Minorities in Europe TodayMinorities in Europe Today
Indigenous peoples & regional Indigenous peoples & regional minoritiesminorities
RomaRoma
Post - WWII ImmigrantsPost - WWII Immigrants
Refugees and asylum-seekersRefugees and asylum-seekers
Minorities in Europe TodayMinorities in Europe Today
Indigenous peoples & regional Indigenous peoples & regional minoritiesminorities
o Basque in Spain, FranceBasque in Spain, Franceo Sami in Sweden, Finland, NorwaySami in Sweden, Finland, Norwayo Ethnic minorities in Russian Ethnic minorities in Russian
Federation & Federation &
Central Eastern European countriesCentral Eastern European countries
……not part of today’s topic not part of today’s topic
Minorities in Europe TodayMinorities in Europe Today
Roma PeopleRoma Peopleo Roots in the Indian subcontinentRoots in the Indian subcontinent
• Arrived in what is now Europe in the 14Arrived in what is now Europe in the 14thth century century• Several subgroups e.g. Sinti, Kale, Romanichal, Several subgroups e.g. Sinti, Kale, Romanichal,
RomaRoma• Romani language still spoken by some, several Romani language still spoken by some, several
dialectsdialects
o Historically semi-nomadicHistorically semi-nomadico Most Roma today settled inMost Roma today settled in
““camps”camps”
Roma Social Outcomes in EuropeRoma Social Outcomes in Europe
• Family life: young marriage, endogamy, extended Family life: young marriage, endogamy, extended family ties family ties
still common among Romastill common among Roma• Education: one-third complete primary school, children Education: one-third complete primary school, children
often often
struggle with languagestruggle with language• Occupation: informal economy,Occupation: informal economy,
agriculture, forestry, beggingagriculture, forestry, begging• Poverty: highrates of poverty & Poverty: highrates of poverty &
unemployment, poor healthunemployment, poor health
• Widespread Anti-Roma prejudice: Roma = CrimeWidespread Anti-Roma prejudice: Roma = Crime
Minorities in Europe TodayMinorities in Europe Today
Minorities in Europe TodayMinorities in Europe Today
Who are the minorities in Europe today? Who are the minorities in Europe today?
o Indigenous peoples & regional minoritiesIndigenous peoples & regional minoritieso RomaRomao Post - WWII ImmigrantsPost - WWII Immigrantso Refugees and asylum-seekersRefugees and asylum-seekers
OverviewOverview
Who are the minorities in Europe today? Who are the minorities in Europe today?
Three waves of international migrantsThree waves of international migrants
Three Waves of Migrants
• 1950s-70s Guestworkers & Post-Colonials
• 1990s-Now Waves of refugees from political upheavals and war in Europe, Africa, Middle East
• 2004-now New Labor Migrants
First Wave, WWII – 1970s
• Germany: Guestworkers from Turkey…also Greece, Italy, Spain, Yugoslavia
• Netherlands, Austria, even Sweden: Guestworkers from Morocco and Turkey