PACIFIC RIM COUNTRIES
Chapter 34
Pacific Rim Timeline
East Asia in the Postwar Settlements Korea divided
Russian, American zone Taiwan
Chinese occupation○ Chiang Kai-shek
Reoccupation of some areas Japan occupied by United States
Madame Chiang
Kai-Shek
New Divisions and the End of Empires Postwar decolonization
U.S. loses Philippines Dutch: Indonesia British: Malaya
Chiang, Kuomintang driven to Taiwan
The Pacific Rim Area by 1960
Japanese Recovery American occupation
ends, 1952 Democratization
women get the vote unions encouraged Shintoism disestablished land redistribution new constitution
○ modified, 1963 Liberal Democratic Party, Conservative political
party that monopolized Japanese governments from 1955 into the 1990s.
Korea: Intervention and War North- Democratic People’s Republic of Korea
communist Kim Il-Sung, to 1994
South- Republic of Korea (ROK) Syngman Rhee parliamentary government
Korean War North invades South, 1950
U.S. leads UN effort China supports North 1953, armistice (Pork Chop Hill)
Emerging Stability in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore Taiwan
Kuomintang retreats to Taiwan U.S. Support
Hong Kong British colony Chinese control, 1997
SingaporeIndependence, 1965
○ Lee Kuan Yew: Authoritarian ruler of Singapore for three decades from 1959; presided over major economic development.
Japan, IncorporatedJapan's Distinctive Political and Cultural Style Liberal Democrat Party, 1955-1993
corruption raises questions Cultural continuity
Yukio Mishima (pen name: Kimitoke Hiraoka)○ nationalist, committed seppuku 1970
The Economic Surge Company unions
cooperation between management, labor Women
traditional attitudes Popular culture
Western influence Political change
The Pacific Rim: New Japans?Follow Japanese model- Tigers? The Korean Miracle
South Korea○ Chung-hee, 1961-(Assassinated) 1979○ military loses power
more open press, political action○ new companies
Hyundai: Major Korean industrial giant; typical of firms producing Korea’s economic miracle.
Advances in Taiwan and the City-States Taiwan
rapid economic growth more contact with China, other neighbors Death of Chiang Kai-shek, 1978 gap narrows between China and Taiwan
Singapore similar to Taiwan Lee Kuan Yew
○ authoritarian rule○ returned to China, 1997
Confucianism important in economic development benefit from Japanese influence Indonesia, Thailand, Malaysia follow
Mao's China and Beyond Chiang Kai-shek
Japanese invasion allies with Communists
Kuomintang's position lessened partly due to military defeat
Communism popular Mao gaining power by 1945
○ Defeat of Japan 1949 Communists ascendant
The Communists Come to Power Secession movements
Inner Mongolia, Tibet Korean War
China supports division Vietnam
support liberation Alliance with Soviet Union
collapses by late 1950s border disputes post-Stalin changes War with India
Economic Growth? & Social JusticeLand reform
First five-year plan, 1953 Mass Line approach, 1955 - Economic policy of Mao Zedong inaugurated in 1955 Led to formation of agricultural cooperatives that then became farming collectives in
1956; ○ peasants lost land gained a few years earlier.
Purge of intellectuals, 1957The Great Leap Backward, 1958 (Great Leap Forward) Economic policy of Mao Zedong introduced in 1958 small scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities led to economic disaster and ended in 1960. famine ended by 1960Mao no longer state chairman 1960 still head of Central Committee replaced by pragmatists- Led by Zhou Enlai, with Liu Shaoui, Deng Xiaoping
all opposed the Great Leap Forward Wanted to restore state direction and market incentives at the local level.
"Women Hold Up Half of the Heavens" Madame Mao Jiang Qing (Actress: Lan Ping)
not supportive of women's rights Communist promising legal equality work outside the home opportunities increase
Mao's Last Campaign and the Fall of the Gang of Four
Cultural Revolution, 1965 Zhou Enlai
into seclusion Liu Shaoqui
killed Deng Xiaoping
Imprisoned ended, 1968Mao dies, September 1976 Gang of Four - failed coup d'état, October 1976
Jiang Qing opposed by Deng defeated by pragmatists imprisoned for life in 1978
Pragmatists were more open to the West and capitalism
Colonialism and Revolution in VietnamFrench interest since 1600s
hope to convert to Catholicism Tayson peasant rebellion, 1770s Peasant revolution in southern Vietnam
toppled the Nguyen and the Trinh dynasties. French back Nguyen Anh (Gia Long)
Unification, new capital at Hue Minh Mang- second ruler of united Vietnam (1802-1841);
emphasized Confucianism & persecution of Vietnamese Catholics French intervene, 1840s
○ Vietnam, Cambodia, Laos taken over by 1890s Nguyen government, puppets French takeover discredits emperor, bureaucracy, Confucianism
Vietnam: Divisions in the Nguyen and French Periods
Vietnamese Nationalism:Bourgeois Dead Ends and Communist Survival French influence
Western-educated middle class Vietnamese Nationalist Party (VNQDD)
Middle-class revolutionary organization during the 1920s Committed to violent overthrow of French colonialism; crushed by the French, 1929
Communist Party of Vietnam: The primary nationalist party after the defeat of the VNQDD in 1929; led from 1920s by Ho Chi Minh aided by Comintern
Japan occupies Vietnam, 1941The War of Liberation against the French Viet Minh = Communist Vietnamese movement; fought the Japanese
during Word War II and the French afterwards. Communist-dominated resistance Vo Nguyen Giap, Communist military commander
○ proclaims independence, 1945○ only in North
Indochina War French defeated at Dien Bien Phu, 1954 1954 Geneva Accords, promises elections, split
The War of Liberation Against the United States
Communists v. United States South
Ngo Dinh Diem, first President of South Vietnam (1955–1963).○ fights communists (Viet Cong)
North supports Viet Cong
United States supports military overthrow of Diem
withdraws, 1970s Communists
take South Vietnam 1975 After Victory: The Struggle to Rebuild Vietnam Difficulties
U.S. blocks international aid○ reprisals
Economy more open in 1980s better relations with U.S.