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Introduction toIntroduction toSmart cardsSmart cards
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Smart card basicsSmart card basics
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Introduction OutlineIntroduction Outline
Role of smart cards Types of Smart cards
Contact Smart cards Memory Cards Microprocessor Cards
Contactless Smart cards
What is an application How to communicate with a smart card
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Smart Cards Are Used in Daily LifeSmart Cards Are Used in Daily Life
Which smart cards do you have inWhich smart cards do you have in your pocket? your pocket?
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Application FieldApplication Field
PortableFile
Identity
Loyalty
Service Payment
VendingMachine
Access
Control
Computer Security
OPENSESAME
GSM
Payphone
BankingHealthcare
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What is a Smart Card?What is a Smart Card?
ChipChip
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Smart Card FeaturesSmart Card Features
n Basic features Size of an ID card Unique and permanent serial number Protected data memory Electronic component on board Memory and processor on one chip
n Optional features Password protection in the card Cryptographic capabilities Programming capabilities
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Access ControlAccess Control
n Some information in smart cards cannotbe accessed by anyone, these internal
secrets can be used by the card itself for ciphering and authentication purposes
n Some information is freely accessible
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Access ControlAccess Control
n Access to information can be limitedto the card holder by the use of a PIN(Personal Identification Number)
n A PIN is a specific sort of passwordn A smart card can control many
passwords, allowing different peoplecustomized access to information
n A password may be concealed inanother card or in software
3rd
OpenSesame
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Access ControlAccess Control
n Information held in different areas or
file in smart cards can be used indifferent ways
Read Only Add Information Only Erase and Update
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Several types of Smart Cards...Several types of Smart Cards...
n The smart card stores data and programs Protection by advanced security features
n Several types of smart cards Contact
Memory Microprocessor
Contactless
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Contact Smart CardsContact Smart Cards
Card Body Size: 85 * 54 * 0.76 mm - defined by ISO7816-1
(PVC, ABS, PET)
EEPROM(1 to 10 mm 2)
P CORE(1 to 2 mm 2)
RAM(0.3 to
1mm 2)
ROM(1 to 3mm 2)
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Memory CardsMemory Cards
The first generation ofsmart cards
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What are Memory Cards ?What are Memory Cards ?n Memory cards simply store data and can be viewed as a small
floppy disk with optional security.
n What for ?
Data storage
Counter managementn EPROM or EEPROM components
n NO microprocessor
n What type of application ?
phone cards others...
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Why Memory Cards ?Why Memory Cards ?
n An Economic (no processor) solution to Replace coinsReplace coins
no vandalism, lower running
costs, advertising... ReplaceReplace MagStripeMagStripe cardscards
higher security, cheaper readers globally cheaper solution
4 Allows off-line transactions
SAVINGS
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Memory ChipsMemory Chips
n Memory chips are dedicated to data storage: Phonecards and Multi-service smart cards
n The chip design will use either EPROM or
EEPROM technologies: Reserved area to store users datan Memory chips have no microprocessor insiden A single silicon wafer is used to produce many
chips From 6,000 to 8,000 chips per wafer Memory chips are very small
~ 2 mm
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MemoryMemory cardscards -- Pros & ConsPros & Cons
nn ProsPros:
low cost built-in counter management
higher productionthroughput
nn ConsCons: small data storage
capacity no real "intelligence" ! lower security no possible post-
customization
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Memory Card ApplicationsMemory Card Applications
nn PhonecardsPhonecardsnn Private electronicPrivate electronic
pursepursenn LoyaltyLoyaltynn VendingVendingnn IdentityIdentitynn
......
PortableFile
Payphone
Vending machineService Payment
Loyalty
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ISO Standard for Memory Card...ISO Standard for Memory Card...
n Standards: Memory (& Microprocessor) cards ISO 7816-1 : Physical characteristics ISO 7816-2 : Dimensions and location of contacts
1- Vcc
2- RST
3-CLK
4-RFU RFU-8
I/O-7
Gnd-5
Vpp-6
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Memory Card CommunicationMemory Card Communication
n Each Card has a specific Protocol
n Readers need drivers developing for each card
Card ProtocolCommandsDrivers
Gemplus Readers include Drivers for eachMemory Card
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How Data Access may be ProtectedHow Data Access may be Protected
nSecret code
n Fusen Key (Authentication)n Applicative mechanisms
Read / Update may be protected by Manufacturer or Issuer Different memory areas may have different protection
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Memory Card RangeMemory Card Range
GFM2kGFM4k
GFM32k
GFM Range
GPM271GPM276
GPM2kGPM8k
GPM Range GemClub- Memo
GAM326GAM275
GAM Range
Gemplus Memory Cards
GFM : Gemplus Free-Access MemoryGPM : Gemplus Protected MemoryGAM : Gemplus Authent ica ted MemoryGemClub- Memo : New generation of memory cards
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Mrs. PATIENT
80 435 123451620369149124 09
PortableFile
GFM Main ApplicationsGFM Main ApplicationsGFM Main ApplicationsGFM Main Applications
n Any application where the security isnot crucial
u Non protected portable fileu German Healthcare card
n Can be used to replace amagstripe application
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GPM ApplicationsGPM Applications
n These cards were originally designed as payphonecards
n They are now used as disposable prepaid cards for: Parking applications Gift cards...
Card counter is decremented as units areused until empty
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GAM ApplicationsGAM Applications
n Prepaid cards: Payphone Parking Photocopier Vending...
VendingMachine Parking
Payphone
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Example of Phonecard ApplicationExample of Phonecard Application
n Payphone knows cardscontents
n Payphone Authenticatescard
n Payphone uses up unitsn Card is useable until it runs
out of units
Payphone
Phonecard
CSN Max.Nb. of Units
Identificationcode :
Units Balance
Key
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Gemplus Memory CardGemplus Memory Card MarketsMarkets
Smart Oi l Com pany Smar t Oi l Co mp an y
Grandes Grandes Galleries Galleries
"A ro u n d Co rn er" sh o p "A ro u n d Co rn er" sh o p
" " Al lUneed Al lUneed " Hy p e rmark e t " Hy p e rmark e t
Smart Dreamland Resort Smart Dreamland Resort
Min is t ry Of Smart IDs Minis t ry Of Smart IDs
Petrol Industry
Large Scale Distribution
Department Stores
Small Retailers
Travel & Entertainment
National ID...
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Main CompetitorsMain Competitors
n Several competitors using off-the-shelf chips
Schlumberger
G&D
Oberthur
Bull
Orga
Incard...
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Microprocessor Microprocessor
Cards BasicsCards Basics
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Microprocessor Microprocessor cardscards
A microprocessor card can:add / deletemanipulate information in its memory on the card.
Similar to a miniature computer witha microprocessoran input/output portoperating systemhard diskbuilt-in security features.
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Microprocessor Microprocessor cardscards
n What for ? Advanced data storage Data processing (Intelligent card) High security needs
n Chip organisation: ROMRAM
CPU EEPRO
MSECURITY
COS
n What type of application ? Any !
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Microprocessor ChipsMicroprocessor Chips
n Microprocessor chips are dedicated to dataprocessing:
Electronic purse, Banking, GSM, Loyalty andElectronic commerce applications
For advance data storage and security needs
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Main Features of MicroprocessorsMain Features of Microprocessors
n Microprocessors implement EEPROM, ROM andRAM technologies
Reserved area to store user data and an OperatingSystem
n All microprocessors have a special processingunit ( CPU : Central P rocessing Unit)n A single silicon wafer is used to produce many
chips From 500 to 1,500 chips per wafer Microprocessor chips are larger than memory
chips From 6 to 20 mm
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Microprocessor Microprocessor cardscards -- Pros & ConsPros & Cons
nn ProsPros: high processing power programmable and
customizable large data storage
capacity high security
nn Cons:Cons: price ! long manufacturing cycle
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An Operating SystemAn Operating SystemInside the Chip !Inside the Chip !
nn What is an OS?What is an OS? A software specific to each
smart card manufacturer Loaded and protected in the
chip ROM by the chipmanufacturer
a MASK is created
ROM RAM
CPU EEPROMSECURITY
OS
Chip Organization
EPROM
Designed by Gemplus Loaded by chip manufacturers
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OS RoleOS Role
n The role of the Chip Operating System is to Enable an easy Memory access Give the Card a pre-defined behavior
Contains the set of commands Manage Security
Contains the cryptographic algorithms Checks the access conditions
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OS, Gemplus KnowOS, Gemplus Know --HowHow
n An OS is ALWAYS proprietary to the smart cardmanufacturer
BUT ... There are ISO standards to provide
interoperability between card manufacturers ALL Gemplus Microprocessor cards follow
international standards
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ContactlessContactless Smart CardsSmart Cards
Communication over the airCommunication over the air
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Some benefits...Some benefits...
n allow the card to communicate with an antenna / coupler unit without an physical contact.
n Contactless cards are the ideal solution whentransactions must be processed very quickly,as in mass-transit or toll collection activities.
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ContactlessContactless Card StructureCard Structure
Transparent PVC
White PVC
Cardbody
ISO
dimensions
Micromodule
Bondingwires Antenna
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Transportation & Smart CardTransportation & Smart Card
And any application on the move...
S mar t A ir Mr.Smith
12394983-00
Public Transport Parking
Electronic Toll
Collection
Airline TicketingVehicle Card
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A Smart Card isA Smart Card ispart of anpart of an
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What is the point of using a cardWhat is the point of using a cardin an application?in an application?
n Security
n Easy to use
n Capability to support more than one applicationn Portable information
n Marketing tool
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HOSTHOST READERSREADERS CARDSCARDS
Application PlayersApplication Players
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How to communicateHow to communicatewith a smart card ?with a smart card ?
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Application SoftwareApplication Software
n Application software developed for customers needs
Design to communicate with users card
Application
software
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Reader Reader
n Link between: the host the cards
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Role of the Reader Role of the Reader
ApplicationSoftware
Reader Card
n The reader is the interface between the card andthe application
It serves as a translator It accepts the messages
from the card and from the application software
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Role of aRole of a TransparentTransparent Reader Reader
n Reader = interface between the card and the application
Host
Reader Host drives the cardthrough the reader
ApplicationSoftware
Reader transmits
to/from card
Card
Terminal
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Role of a standRole of a stand --Alone Reader Alone Reader
n Application downloaded onto the reader n Reader = Application Manager and Card Interface
Host
Reader or
Terminal
Reader drives the card
Reader communicates with
card Card
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MessagesMessages
n The card communicates with the reader byexchanging messages
n A message is either a Command : From the reader to the card a Response : From the card to the reader
CommandCommand
ResponseResponse
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ExampleExample
Read NameRead Name
GemplusGemplusId: GemplusId: Gemplus
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ThankThank
youyou
Bull CP8 Patents
Q & AQ & A