AGRICULTURE IN INDIA – A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH
Submitted by: Team Parthiv
Fedora Lia Dias
Dhananjay Gautam
Atheena Charly
Sithara M
Kishan Konannavar
Comparison of Agricultural profile
India China Brazil US Indonesia
Total Area (000 km²)
3287 9706 8515 9286 1920
Population (millions)
1241 1344 196.7 313.9 242.2
Agricultural land area (%)
60 56.21 31.27 44.1 30
Labor force in agriculture(%)
53 34.8 15.7 0.7 38.9
Agriculture contribution to GDP %
13 10 6 1 15
% of fertilizer produced
181.4 298.6 241.1 105.8 113.5
Agricultural machinery: Tractors Per 100 sq. km of arable land
128 81 129 271.3 2
PRESENT SCENARIO
Floriculture & Seeds
4%
Fruits and Vegetables
11% Processed Fruits &
Vegetables 12%
Animal Products
19%
Other Processed
Foods 18%
Non Basmati Rice 20%
Basmati Rice 13%
Wheat & Other
Cereals 3%
Fig.1
AGRICULTURE PRODUCE IN INDIA
Expenditure Gross Capital formation(GCF)
GCF in Agriculture %
2009-10 10870.15 160348 8.3
2010-11 17052.59 181562 8.2
2011-12 16354.70 212344 8.2
ECONOMIC PROFILE
Table 1 Table 2
Milk 35%
Fishery 2%
Oil seeds 3%
Sugar Cane 10%
Rice 21%
Wheat 18%
Coarse Cereal
6%
Pulses 5%
Other 50%
Consumption
Fig.2
Milk 17%
Fishery 1%
Oil seeds 4%
Sugar Cane 52%
Rice 10%
Wheat 10% Coarse
Cereal 4%
Pulses 2%
Other 26%
Production
Fig.3
Fertilizer Nutrient Consumption (Mill Ton)
Foodgrain Production (Mill Ton)
Incremental Fertilizer Nutrient Consumption(Mill Ton)
Incremental Food Grain (Mill Ton)
2005-06 20.34 208.6 1.9 10.2
2006-07 21.65 217.3 1.3 8.7
2007-08 22.57 230.8 0.9 13.5
2008-09 24.91 234.5 2.3 3.7
2009-10 26.26 218.2 1.3 -16.3
2010-2011 29.93 225.5 3.7 7.3
Fruits 35%
Vegetables 31%
Cereals 15%
Fishery 7%
Others 12%
Wastage of food
Fig.4
Table 2
Problems
Increase in fertilizer but
decline in productivity
(table 2) 40% Food wastage
(Fig.4)
Increase in import and decline in
export
(Fig.6)
Food crisis Farmers suicide
Growth in farm output has slowed
down
Only 13% contribution
to GDP
0
5
10
15
2007-08 2008-09
2009-10 2010-11
Agriculture import to total import %
Agriculture export to total export %
Fig.6
ROOTS OF LESS PRODUCTIVITY
Farmer
• 3.3
Trader
• 4.1
Wholesaler
• 1.7
Retailer
• 2.5
Consumer
• 11.6
Farmer
• 2.2
Trader
• 2.3
Wholesaler
• 1
Retailer
• 1.5
Consumer
• 7
Cost build up for one kilogram of average basket of fruit (fig5a ) and vegetables(fig 5b)
Fig.5(a)
Fig.5(b)
Causes
Markets underdeveloped
Fragmentation of land
Produce do not meet
international standards
Lack of storage facility
Middle level broker
(Fig. 5)
Lack of technological development
Climatic changes
Insufficient professional education of agriculturist
Existing Govt. Schemes
• Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna • Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
guarantee act • Rashtriya swasthya Yojna • Integrated Rural Development Program • Gramin Bhandaran Yojna • Backward Region Grant Fund • Marketing Research & Information Network • National Agricultural Insurance scheme • Pilot weather based crop insurance scheme • Micro irrigation
NO SYNCHRONIZATION
HENCE!!! PROPOSING A NEW STRATEGY WHICH MAKES
AGRICULTURE SECTOR A PUBLIC SECTOR UNDERTAKING CALLED
AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT BUREAU
(ADB)
BUT!!!
STRATEGY (Introduction of ADB)
Development Motivation
Boosting Research and Technology in
Agriculture
Formation of Agriculture
Development Bureau (ADB)
ADB Offices in each District
Survey and Communication
Dept..
Human Resource Dept.
Seeds and Fertilizer shop
Finance & Insurance
Dept.
Machines & Tool Dept. Storage Dept.
Marketing & Collection
Dept.
Research Centre
Consultancy of
Agriculture
Vetenary Dept.
Laboratory
Seminar and Conferences
National Competition
in Agriculture
Local Seminar arranged by Offices
Panchayat Meetings
Prize Money for Winners
Exhibitions
Sharing of Techniques
Survey & Communication
Dept.
Collecting samples of Field
•Testing of Soil
•Soil enriching fertilizer selection
Collecting Data
•Crops Type
•Productivity
•Land Distribution and Holding
•Barren Land for dairies and Poultry
•Productive Land for cultivation
•Marine Place for fishing
Resource Requirement
•Crop Rotation
•Demand forecasting
Weather forecasting
Human Resource Dept.
Registration of Farmers
Registration of Unemployment
•Providing employment in Agriculture
Communication with Survey and Fertilizer Dept.
Receiving Complaints
•Communication with Research Centre for solution
Machines and Tools Dept.
Provide Machines and Tools on rent on subsidized
rate
Estimation of Machines and tools required
for the particular land.
Procurement according to requirement
Storage Dept.
Construction of local Storage
near farms per 10 Hectare of
farm
Registered Cold Storage
for Every Office
Emergency Storage Facility
Finance & Insurance Dept.
Provision for Agricultural Insurance
Giving loans to farmers
Providing free financial
counseling to the Farmers.
Keeping records for all
in and out
Marketing & Collection Dept.
Collection of products directly
from farmers
Transportation Facility
•To carry product from smaller to higher unit
Calculation of market value of Products
•Communication with current market
•Analysis of future market trends
Rate display for both selling and
buying of Agricultural
Products
Seeds and Fertilizer Shop
Receiving data of land and farmers from survey & HR
Dept.
According to the need it distribute:
•Particular seeds for particular land
•Fertilizer after seeing the soil analysis by survey dept.
Provide food material and medicines for poultry and
dairies
Agriculture Development Bureau Departmental Structure
ADB Central Units
4 central units in each zone, i.e north, east, west, south
Planning and execution
Ensuring the flow of different goods all over the country
Finding out markets for exporting
Deciding the market value of products
Giving instructions to head offices
Fund allocation to smaller units
Maintaining record of investment and gross capital formation
Regular inspection
ADB Head Offices
One head office for coordinating 5 ADB units
Research and development
Giving technical assistance
Maintaining exchange of tools and machineries
Distribution of seeds, fertilizers & other inputs
Maintaining quality of processes
Planning and distribution of the products to market
ADB units
One ADB Unit for an agricultural population of 25,000 people
Seven departments come under each unit as mentioned above
Providing cold storage houses
Management of farmers and land allocation
Collection of products from farms
Getting unused land on lease
Supply of machineries
Supply of seeds, fertilizers & other inputs
HIERACHY OF ADB SYSTEM
Setup of Agricultural Development Bureau : A Case Study in Kerala
Setting up of ADB Head Office
• Total Population: 33.4 mill
• Population in Agriculture: 3.2 mill
• We divide 14 districts into 6 zones and, as shown in figure, establish one ADB head office for each zone.
• Hence, the agricultural population is evenly distributed in the six zones.
Setting up of ADB Units
• For each ADB head office 5 ADB units should be there.
• ADB unit’s range should be decided according to the agricultural population in each district.
• ADB units function as per the rules and regulations in the strategy explained in earlier slides.
• After successful implementation in Kerala, the strategy can be implemented throughout the country.
Planning
• Survey of Agricultural land & collection of agricultural statistics
• Planning organizational hierarchy
• Developing ADB Head Office
• per five ADB unit
• Research Centre in one head office as explained above
• Provide technological assistance
• Coordination with ADB unit
• Deciding demand & supply of Agro Products
• According to Farmer Population division of Agro land & assigning ADB units per particular fraction of land.
Developing Infrastructure
• Setting up ADB Head offices
• Existing R&D centers should merge and setting up new if required
• Building offices by the funds which is given for Submerged schemes
• Setting up ADB units
• Existing local offices and Govt. shops are included
• Present storage godowns are used and building new storage if required
• Supply of Machinery and tools depend of type of farming
• Seven Departments should be set up as explained above
Recruitment
• Specialist Officers in Agriculture, Technology and Management recruited
• First recruitment for Central unit is done then recruitment for ADB units should be done.
• For each seven departments different skill set and different field of people required.
• Large number of vacancies for clerks, drivers, shopkeepers, accountants are evolved
• Complete man force according to the Organizational Hierarchy should be recruited.
STEPS INVOLVED IN IMPLEMENTING THE SYSTEM
Challenges
• Raising funds
• Developing Infrastructures
• Merging of current schemes will be difficult
• Transfer of employees from present schemes to ADB
• Allocation of Resources
• Large initial Investment
• Giving Boost to new Technology
• High level management
Advantages of ADB Proposed System
• Increase in productivity
• Removal of farmer exploitation
• Removal of Middleman
• Reduction in wastage of crops and food
• Technological development
• Security and insurance for farmers
• Profit for both Govt. and Farmers
• Increasing employment
• Enriching soil with fertilizers and crop rotation
• Opportunity for research and innovation in agriculture
• Reduction in Poverty of famers
• Ensuring National food security
• Improve in quality of food
• Rise in export of agricultural products
• Synchronization of different Govt. Schemes
• Effective utilization and distribution of resources
Disadvantages
• Huge investment is required
• If present schemes are not merged then it is very difficult to continue with this scheme
• Miscommunication between different department is very necessary otherwise system will fall
• It is very difficult to change mentality of farmer about the new techniques as they stick to the old approaches
Refrences
• World Bank Data
• Reserve bank of India, handbook of statistics of Indian economy
• Ministry of agriculture
• Department of agriculture and cooperation
• AGMARKNET
• Central Statistical Organisation
• http://agricoop.nic.in/agristatistics.htm
• www.agcensus.nic.in
• www.wikipedia.org