Path to the American Revolution
By J.A.SACCO
Mercantilism
What is mercantilism? Why was mercantilism implemented?
Advantages to mercantilism
To gain economic control over coloniesFor a nation to become self-sufficientA steady market of raw materials from coloniesUse the colonies to purchase excess products
Charles II
Mercantilism
Disadvantages of Mercantilism on ColoniesRestricted colonies to whom they could
buy/sellPrevented colonies from buying and selling
with other nations to get a better price
Problem- What happened if the colonies produced something that England did not want?
Triangular Trade
Triangular trade allowed the colonies to conduct its own trade without British supervision!
England the Colonies and Mercantilism
How did the British restrict colonial trade to achieve mercantilism?
Navigation Acts (1660)Enacted by Charles II- Exports>ImportsAll Exports/Imports to colonies carried on English vessels. Why did the British do this? How did this hurt the colonies? Certain “enumerated” goods (tobacco, sugar, cotton, indigo, lumber) sent only to England or English colonies. How did this hurt the colonies?
England the Colonies and Mercantilism
Staple Act (1663) All colonial imports must go through English port (pay
duty) then ship out again on English ship. Why did the English pass this act?
How did the colonies avoid the Navigation Acts?
England Gets Tough on the Colonies!
Problem- English government can’t prevent smuggling into colonies. Result?
Dominion of New England
Dominion of New England
New England seen as center of smuggling problem
1684- Charles II makes N.E. a royal colony 1685- James II establishes the Dominion of
New England
N. England, Conn, RI, NY, NJ charters revoked. Become royal colonies!
Dominion of New England
Dominion run by gov.general/councilors app’t by king
Dominion had power to make laws, tax, administer justice, confirm/deny existing land grants
Colonial assemblies abolished
Sir Edmund Andros
Sir Edmund Andros
Caused greater tension in colonies Declared previous land titles worthless/had to pay
annual fee for new title Puritan Church not recognized- all marriages had to
be performed in Anglican church Puritan meeting halls must be made available for
Anglican services No one to teach school without government
permission
This was a way to punish the colonies for violating the Navigation Acts.
Period of Transition /Glorious Revolution
Rejected advice of Parliament
Insisted on divine right to rule
Openly practiced Catholicism
Prosecuted Anglican bishops for defying his wishes on church appointments
James II has son- will raise him Catholic
James II- 1688
The Glorious Revolution 1688
What affect did James II have on England and the colonies?
James abdicates thrown William and Mary obey laws
of Parliament.
William and Mary
English Bill of Rights, King musthave Parliament’s consent for taxes and raise and army
Glorious Revolution and the Colonies
Andros overthrown Dominion of New
England ended Right to elect assembly Assembly can elect the
gov’t councilors
Colonial Governor appointed by King
Voters must own property
What affect does the Glorious Revolution have on the colonies?
Positives Negatives
“Two Treatises on Government” (1689)
People born with natural rights
Gov’t created by the people to ensure those rights
And if gov’t violates that agreement-people have the right to overthrow that gov’t
Basis of colonial protest in Revolution!
John Locke
Period of Salutary Neglect (1689-1713)
What is the significance of the Period of Salutary Neglect?
Why did the British take their attention away from the colonies?
Period of Salutary Neglect (1689-1713)
America King William’s War (1689-1697) Queen Anne’s War (1702-1713) King George’s War (1744-1748
Europe War of the League of Augsburg War of the Spanish Succession War of the Austrian Succession
British involved in wars of empire.
Effect on Colonies?Wars kept England occupied with European affairs allowed the colonies to develop on own with very little interference from Britain. Colonies get a taste of independence.
British Regain Control?
Early 1700’s Britain try to regain control over colonies with new acts and enforce the old ones.
Molasses Act (1733) – put tax on sugar/molasses imported from non-British ports (Fr./Dutch West Indies).
Woolens Act (1699)– could not trade goods outside of own colony
Hat Act (1732) – could not sell hats and felts outside colony in which it was made
Iron Act (1750) - forbade the manufacture of the finished articles of iron.
Acts poorly enforced.
French and Indian War (1756-1763)
Last ‘war of empire” Determined European supremacy in North
America