Heat Storage in the Energy Transition
Paul Baudry – EDF/R&D
March 18th 2015
I EDF I Recherche & Development I October 2012
About EDF/R&D
Consolidating and developing a decarbonated
production mix:
Nuclear advantage
Development of renewable energies
Steering the energy demand:
Knowledge of the demand
Energy Efficiency
Smart cities
Adapting the electrical system:
Management of electrical facilities
Development of transmission infrastructures
EDF / R&D - Energy in building and territories
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Chauffage fossile
Cuisson fossile
ECS fossile
Chauffage Bois
Chauffage elec
Climatisation
Eclairage
Cuisson elec
ECS elec
Electricité spécif ique
Bâtiment France 2005 Energie en TWh/mois
Understand and anticipate
energy demand and power needs
Develop tools in support
of services to EDF
customers
Increase flexibility
of energy use
Assess and accelerate
the development of low
carbon technologies
Support the development
of renewable technologies
Increasing
volatility
(fossils fuels
prices, policies)
Increasing
Urbanisation
(new customers
with new needs)
Increased
Energy needs
(Emerging
countries)
A changing energy world
Energy transition challenges
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Sustainability
concerns
(climate change) Smart use of
energies
Electricity and thermal energy are an integrated energy system
Flexibility provides global optimisation
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Source: IEA 2014
Heat technologies and networks
Consume less, better, and with more flexibility
6
Low temperature
networks
Very High
Temperature
Heat Pumps for
waste heat
Water
Heaters
CHP
(Combined
Heat & Power)
Heat
Storage Building
isolation
Renewables
(biomass, solar,
geothermia )
System planning & operation
Modelling & optimisation
tools Low flexibility
/Must run
Must run
Heat Pumps
Cold technologies and networks : A strong link with the electrical sector
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Cold Storage
Building
isolation
Compressors
System planning & operation
Modelling & optimisation tools
Reversible Heat Pump
Heat Electricit
y
Reversible Heat Pump
-Distributed Heat storage & solar
- Water heater : 20 TWh of flexibility in France
- Nice Grid : coupling solar & water heater
-Optimisation of CHP output
- Produce electricity at the right time
- Avoids part load use of CHP (yield)
-Optimisation of a district heating network
- Optimisation of must run output • Geothermia, solar, waste heat
- Heat grid congestions
Storage to couple and optimize energies use
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Technological challenges for heat storage
3 main technological streams
Remark : the costs mentionned concern the storage system without engineering & installation costs 9
Still strong needs for RD&D
Sensible Heat
Latent
Heat
Chemical -
sorption
- Commercial level
- Pilots for high
temperature solar
applications
-50 kWh/m3
- 10-60
€/kWh
- Simple design
- Reduced
OPEXes
- Commercial level
- Pilots for high
temperature solar
applications
-100-150
kWh/m3
- 45-55 €/kWh
- High density
- Non toxic
- Prefered for
cold applications
- Commercial level
- Pilots for high
temperature solar
applications
-300-500
kWh/m3
- 300 €/kWh
- Very high density
- Very reduced
losses over long
periods
- Good dynamic
Cold
water
from
network
Hot water
to
network
Hot fluid
Hot fluid
Paraffin
wax
Extractio
n of
heat/cold
when
needed
Discharge
(adsorption)
Charge
(adsorption)
Heat
Water
molecules
3 avril 2012 10
R&D including PCM : Stock-aiR2 project
Air/air Heat Pump coupled with
Phase Change Material in high
energy performance building (100
m2 dwelling)
Infra-day peak shaving : 18h00-
20H00 during winter
Energy storage period optimizing
load curve and heat pump effiiency
(afternoom : higher ambiant
temperature)
Energy storage and heat power requirements :
4kWh
2kW
Deux voies distinctes :
Voie a (ARMINES-CEP, AIRWELL)
PAC air-air multisplit
Voie b (INSA Lyon-CETHIL, RIBO)
PAC air-air centralisée
Example of result for Text = 7°C
Energie storage :2.07kWh,
Power : 1200W
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Pu
issa
nce
s (W
)
Tem
pé
ratu
res
(°C
)
21-22 octobre 7°C ventil. 20% TeUIm °C TeUEm °C
Tcomfort °C Ta_s_mcp
TsUIm Qa m3/h
Pth W Pmcp W
Stabilisation à 1.3kW de déperditions avant charge36°C en sortie échangeur MCP en fin de chargeConfort environ 20°C en fin déchargeCharge incomplète au bout de 6hDécharge 1h50
Thermal storage creates value at a system level
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Thermal storage
Primary
ressources Generation Transport Distribution Consumption