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Project appraisal
Environment
Cross Section,Shoulders and Drainage
Traffic
Subgrade
Problem Soils
Pavement Materials
DESIGN
ELEMENTS
PavementRehabilitation
BituminousSurfacings
Gravel RoadsSTRUCTURAL
DESIGN
Comparison of alternatives andselection of design
Refinement of design, if required
Ch
Ch
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granular
granular
time and traffic
riding quality
rut depth
cracking
granular
cemented
traffic
deformation
deflection
curvature
post-cracked phasepre-cracked influenceof waterphase
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bituminous mix
granular or cemented
time and traffic
riding quality
rut depth
cracking
cemented
cemented (preferred)
time and traffic
riding quality
rut depth
cracking
penetration macadam
granular or cemented
time and traffic
riding quality
deformation
cracking
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< 0.2 0.2 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1 - 3 3 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 50
G45
150mm
Base
course
150mm
G80
150mm
G25
150mm
Subgrade
C1G45
CBR >15%
G45
150mm
Subbase1)
C1
200mm
ST
AC
ST
TLC 20 TLC 50
GranularBase course type:
AC50mm
applicable)
TLC 10TLC 02 TLC 05
2)
CRR
200mm
G60 G80
150mm
(not applicable)
150mm
AC50mm
100mm
CRRCRR
asbelow
CRS
150mm
150mm
150mm
asbelow
200mm
+150mm
150mm
C2200mm
CM
For the heavy Traffic Load
For the heavy Traffic Load
General requirements
below
as
as
below
General requirements
asbelow
asbelow
asbelow
General requirements
Classes (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H) (notCRS
(not
applicable)
below
ST
CRS
125mm
ST ST
asbelow
as
Heavy Traffic Load Classes (-H) apply for
For the heavy Traffic Load
loaded to above13 tonnes.
Surfacing
Classes (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H)
Traffic Load Classes (million E80) E80 >0.2 million under conditions where
TLC 3
Material requirements:
Climatic zones: layers or base course:/Chapter 7/ Dry / Moderate
Bituminous surfacings:/Chapter 10/-
more than 50% of E80 comes from axles
-
- Granular or cemented materials for subbase
TLC 1
- Surface treatments, carriageway:
- Shoulders: /Chapter 10.7/
Traffic:- Traffic Load Classes, including the heavy ( -H)
classes: /Chapter 4/
Subgrade design:- Design for CBR less than 15%: /Chapter 5/
Classes (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H)
/Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/
Asphalt concrete: /Chapter 10.8/
- Material standards of improved subgrade layers: /Chapter 5/
Surfacing design:
/Figure 2.1/
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< 0.2 0.2 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1 - 3 3 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 50
200mm
- Surface treatments, carriageway:
For the heavy Traffic Load
Heavy Traffic Load Classes (-H) apply for
Surfacing
Base
course
E80 >0.2 million under conditions where
150mm
G45
150mm
G80
200mm
150mm
CRS
below
loaded to above13 tonnes.
below below
For the heavy Traffic Load
Classes (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H)
ST
G80
Subgrade
AC
AC
AC50mm
100mm
150mm
CRS
150mm
G45
asbelow
150mm
Subbase1)
C2
G25
CBR >15%
200mm
CM
200mm
asbelow
C1
CRR
150mm
150mm
as
below
+150mm
as
CM C1
as
asbelow
125mm
CRR
150mm
CRS
STST
TLC 50
50mm
100mm
AC
AC
TLC 20
50mm
CRR
below
General requirements
Classes (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H)
as150mm
CRR
ST
150mm
General requirements
General requirements
For the heavy Traffic Load
Classes (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H)
(not
applicable)
(not
applicable)
(not
applicable)as
Base course type:
layers:/Chapter 5/
Surfacing design:
TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1 TLC 3
Traffic Load Classes (million E80) more than 50% of E80 comes from axles
TLC 10
Bituminous surfacings:/Chapter 10/ Wet-
/Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/- Shoulders: /Chapter 10.7/- Asphalt concrete: /Chapter 10.8/
Material requirements:- Granular or cemented materials for subbase Climatic zones:
layers or base course:/Chapter 7/
GranularSubgrade design:
- Design for CBR less than 15%: /Chapter 5/- Material standards of improved subgrade
Traffic:
- Traffic Load Classes, including the heavy (-H)lasses: /Chapter 4/
/Figure 2.1/
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< 0.2 0.2 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1 - 3 3 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 50
150mm150mm
Subgrade
Subbase1)
General requirements
(not
applicable)
CM
CBR >15%
G45G45
G45 C1
C1150mm
200mmC1
General requirements
For the heavy Traffic Load
G25
For the heavy Traffic Load
Base
course
Surfacing
Classes (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H)
+150mm
CM
150mm150mm
CM
150mm
+125mm
AC100mm
ST STST50mmAC
below AC
C1 C2C1
50mm
asbelow
as
as
150mm 150mmGeneral requirements
below belowClasses (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H)
ST
150mm 150mm 150mm 150mm
CM
ST
(not
applicable)
as
below
as
200mm
C1
125mm
as
below
For the heavy Traffic LoadClasses (TLC 05-Hto TLC 20-H)
asbelow(not
applicable)
below
as
below
as
below
C2 C2
as
Traffic:
- Traffic Load Classes, including the heavy ( -H) classes: /Chapter 4/
TLC 50
Subgrade design:- Design for CBR less than 15%: /Chapter 5/- Material standards of improved subgrade
layers: /Chapter 5/
Surfacing design:
Cemented
TLC 10 TLC 20
- Surface treatments, carriageway:/Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/
E80 >0.2 million under conditions where more than 50% of E80 comes from axles loaded to above13 tonnes.
Heavy Traffic Load Classes (-H) apply for
- Asphalt concrete: /Chapter 10.8/
- Bituminous surfacings:/Chapter 10/
- Granular or cemented materials for subbase Material requirements:
layers or base course:/Chapter 7/
- Shoulders: /Chapter 10.7/
Base course type:
TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1 TLC 3
Traffic Load Classes (million E80)
AllClimatic zones:
/Figure 2.1/
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< 0.2 0.2 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1 - 3 3 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 50
150mm
FBMIX
DBM 30
DBM 40
DBM 30
FBMIX FBMIX
CM
CM
CM
150mm
200mm200mm
G45G45G45
60mm
DBM 40
DBM 30
BEMIX BEMIX BEMIX BEMIX
DBM 30
FBMIX
ST ST
125mm+
125mm
LAMBS LAMBS LAMBS
80mm
ACAC50mm
200mm175mm
LAMBS
DBM 40
50mm
STST
TLC 20 TLC 50TLC 10
100mm125mm
Subbase
1)
200mm
150mm
Subgrade
G45G45
CBR > 15%
150mm
this pavement type.
DBM 30
ST
Alternative material types: FBMIX
Base
course
S
urfacing
LAMBS
DBM 40 DBM 40
TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1 TLC 3
Traffic Load Classes(million E80)No special pavement design alternatives are required for the heavy Traffic LoadClasses (TLC 05-Hto TLC 50-H )for
All
Base course type:
layers: /Chapter 5/
Surfacing design:-
Climatic zones:
- Bituminous base course: /Chapter 7/
Bituminous
mix- Asphalt concrete: /Chapter 10.8/
Surface treatments, carriageway: /Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/-
- Design for CBR less than 15%: /Chapter 5/- Material standards of improved subgrade
Traffic:- Traffic Load Classes: /Chapter 4/
Subgrade design:
Shoulders: /Chapter 10.7/
Material requirements:
- Granular or cemented materials for subbase layers:/Chapter 7/
- Bituminous surfacings: /Chapter 10/ /Figure 2.1/
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< 0.2 0.2 - 0.5 0.5 - 1.0 1 - 3 3 - 10 10 - 20 20 - 50
TLC 02 TLC 05 TLC 1 TLC 3 TLC 10 TLC 20
150mm125mm
+
150mm
+
125mm
50mm
PM60
50mm
100mm125mm
PM80
CMCM CMCM
C1150mm200mm
150mm
50mm
PM30Base
course
PM80
AC50mm
STST
100mm
AC
PM30 PM60
G45
150mm
G45
150mm
ST
CBR > 15%
C1
Subgrade
Subbase
1)
CM
125mm 125mm
Surfacing
Traffic Load Classes(million E80)
TLC 50
are required for the heavy Traffic LoadClasses (TLC 05-Hto TLC 50-H)forthis pavement type.
No special pavement design alternatives
PM80
AC100mm100mm
AC
Penetration
Traffic:
Subgrade design:
layers: /Chapter 5/
- Traffic Load Classes:/Chapter 4/
Shoulders:/Chapter 10.7/- Asphalt concrete:/Chapter 10.8/-
- Design for CBR less than 15%: /Chapter 5/- Material standards of improved subgrade
Macadam
Base course type:
All
Climatic zones:
- Bituminous surfacings: /Chapter 10/
- Penetration Macadam: /Chapter 7/
Surfacing design:- Surface treatments, carriageway: /Chapter 10.2 to 10.4/
Material requirements:
- Granular or cemented materials for subbase layers:/Chapter 7/
/Figure 2.1/
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