Perils and Promises of the New Republic, 1789-1800
New and Old Problems
I. Social Dynamics II. Bill of Rights III. Economic Policy
IV. Indian Nations V. Domestic
Tension VI. International
Conflicts
Regions and Social Dynamics
I. New England A. Puritanism B. Abolitionism C. Women
1. Judith Sergeant Murraya. Writer, equality,
independence II. Middle Atlantic
Slavery in the South 40% of all Southerners were slaves General poverty and
underdevelopment Cash crops and economic dependence Increasing free black population Pre-cotton gin era reflected possibility
that slavery would decline
Unifying a Country? Regionalism Economic differences States’ Rights Class, Gender, Slavery Political Parties? Individual Rights?
Bill of Rights (1st 10 Amendments)
1. Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition
2. “Well Regulated Militia,” bear arms vs. gov’t3. No quartering of soldiers in private residences4. No Unreasonable searches/seizures5. No Self-incrimination, double jeopardy, due process, compensation for property6. Quick & fair trial, right to counsel for defense 7. Trial by jury (of peers)8. No Cruel & unusual punishment9. Power retained by people10. Power retained by states
Supreme Court
Judiciary Act 1789 Supreme Court Circuit Courts Federal District
Courts (state level)
Constitutional issues
Federal issues
Hamilton and the Economy
I. Permanent debt A. Absorb states’ debt B. Wealthy tied to govt
II. Industrialize U.S. III. TaxationIV. National Currency
Economic Compromise?
--Half of Congress were creditors to the gov’t!
--Many Southern states paid off debt--National bank unconstitutional? --Threats of secession
V. Compromise A. National Bank B. Capital in South
National Political Parties
Parties as factions Vote-getting machines Federalists: Pro-Hamilton, strong gov,
creditors, merchants, New England, urban
(Jeffersonian) Republicans: Jefferson & Madison, southerners, rural, decentralized, farmers, debtors
Indian Nations
I. Northwest Territory & Ohio A. Miami Indians
1. Little Turtle 2. Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794
3. Treaty of Ft. Greenville, 1795 B. Use of American Military C. Ended resistance in Ohio
Treaty of Ft. Greenville, 1795
Conflict on the Frontiers Appalachian Mountains to the
Mississippi River Massive growth in white population Mainly poor, white, recent
immigrants Kentucky: violence and conflict West Tennessee, Alabama,
Mississippi had growth in slavery
“Whiskey Rebellion, 1794”
West Pennsylvania
Resisted Hamilton’s Whiskey Tax
Washington sent 13,000 troops
Did not find rebels
Whiskey Rebellion I. Significance?
A. Citizens right to refuse unfair lawsB. Taxation unfairly hurt farmersC. Class differences evidentD. Government was willing to use force to stop domestic protestE. Conflicts between local autonomy and federal power and consolidation
Political Parties Griswald v. Lyon, 1798
Political Parties & Democracy
Rise of political parties & impact on democracy
Why did they develop? Reflect views of the people or help
politicians? Think about the following issues: 1. French Revolution, Jay’s Treaty, Quasi-War 2. International Relations, war, neutrality 3. Alien and Sedition Acts, Alien Enemies Act and the first amendment 4. The Election of 1800 and role of political parties
International Relations
I. Europe A. French
Revolution B. Jay Treaty,
1794 II. XYZ Affair A. John Adams B. Quasi-War
Alien and Sedition Acts-International conflicts between U.S., Br., Fr.-Federalists used anti-French feelings to stop
domestic political debate-Four Laws, 1798
-Anti-French, Irish, Republican -Alien Enemies Act -Alien Friends Act-Naturalization Act-Sedition Act
Significance? Political partisanship Anti-French feelings Anti-immigrant fears Lack of democracy Abuse of government power Could deport people due to political beliefs Censorship Anti-Free Speech
Republican reaction to Federalist attack on rights
A new attack, or is it?
Continued….
Conclusions by 1800
I. Control of lands to Appalachians II. Parties: Federalists & Democratic- Republicans III. Growing respect from Europe IV. Economic Stability V. Federal power v. States Rights VI. Slavery deepening VII. Indian Nations