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Emergency Management andEmergency Management and
Tactical ResponseTactical Response
Operations:Operations:
Bridging the GapBridging the Gap
Tom Phelan, Ed.D., PresidentTom Phelan, Ed.D., President
Strategic Teaching Associates, Inc.Strategic Teaching Associates, Inc.
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Emergency Management PositionsEmergency Management Positions
AdministratorAdministrator
CoordinatorCoordinator
PlannerPlanner CommunicatorCommunicator
Budget DirectorBudget Director
Grant WriterGrant Writer
Exercise DesignerExercise Designer
SupervisorSupervisor
Political Appointee/Public ServantPolitical Appointee/Public Servant
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Tactical Responder PositionsTactical Responder Positions
FirefighterFirefighter
Law Enforcement OfficerLaw Enforcement Officer
Emergency Medical TechnicianEmergency Medical Technician Crime Scene InvestigatorCrime Scene Investigator
Fire InvestigatorFire Investigator
SWAT TeamSWAT Team Hostage NegotiatorHostage Negotiator
Search & Rescue TeamSearch & Rescue Team
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There never used to be a gap.There never used to be a gap.
The skill sets possessed by those in tacticalThe skill sets possessed by those in tactical
response operations, whether in fire service,response operations, whether in fire service,
law enforcement, emergency medicallaw enforcement, emergency medicalservice, or another specialty, are technical inservice, or another specialty, are technical in
nature. Such skill sets do not include thenature. Such skill sets do not include theskills of emergency management such asskills of emergency management such as
planning, liaison, public information,planning, liaison, public information,logistics, purchasing, finance,logistics, purchasing, finance,administration, or gathering information oradministration, or gathering information or
intelligence.intelligence.
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Early TechnologyEarly Technology
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Things were simpler.Things were simpler.
The need for skilled administrativeThe need for skilled administrative
personnel has grown as emergencypersonnel has grown as emergency
response has become more regional, and inresponse has become more regional, and in
some cases, national.some cases, national.
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Expansion Required New SystemsExpansion Required New Systems
As the systems for fire protection and lawAs the systems for fire protection and law
enforcement expanded to serve a moreenforcement expanded to serve a more
distributed population, the need for mutual aiddistributed population, the need for mutual aidsystems developed.systems developed.
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Mutual AidMutual Aid
Santa Rosa County
Florida
Fire District Map
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EM Supports Tactical OperationsEM Supports Tactical Operations
Many of the activities in an emergency responseMany of the activities in an emergency response
have nothing to do with fire suppression,have nothing to do with fire suppression,apprehension of a suspect, or caring for theapprehension of a suspect, or caring for the
injured.injured.
Emergency managers can offer the support thatEmergency managers can offer the support that
chiefs need, or for that matter, support forchiefs need, or for that matter, support for
anyone responsible for tactical operations.anyone responsible for tactical operations.
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Emergency Managers Support ChiefsEmergency Managers Support Chiefs
A major difference between the role of the chiefA major difference between the role of the chief
of a first responder unit and the role of anof a first responder unit and the role of anemergency manager is the duty related toemergency manager is the duty related to
preparedness or protection.preparedness or protection.
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Roles Have ChangedRoles Have Changed
The role of the emergency manager has becomeThe role of the emergency manager has become
increasingly crucial as incidents and responseincreasingly crucial as incidents and responsecapabilities have grown in complexity. Firstcapabilities have grown in complexity. First
responders may be dispatched from multipleresponders may be dispatched from multipledepartments and disciplines.departments and disciplines.
Fire and police chiefs must concentrate theirFire and police chiefs must concentrate their
efforts on tactical operations, often as Operationsefforts on tactical operations, often as OperationsSection Chiefs under the Incident CommandSection Chiefs under the Incident Command
System.System.
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Expansion Requires CoordinationExpansion Requires Coordination
As support is requested by Operations SectionAs support is requested by Operations Section
Chiefs, the activities in public information,Chiefs, the activities in public information,liaison, planning, logistics, finance,liaison, planning, logistics, finance,
administration, information, and intelligence,administration, information, and intelligence,often from multiple agencies, must beoften from multiple agencies, must be
coordinated.coordinated.
Since the expansion of incident response staffSince the expansion of incident response staffhas occurred over time, the need for speciallyhas occurred over time, the need for specially
trained emergency managers has increased.trained emergency managers has increased.
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Safety
Officer
Public
Information
Officer
Liaison
Officer
Operations
Section Chief
Planning
Section Chief
Logistics
Section Chief
Finance/Adm
Section Chief
IncidentCommander
Information &
Intelligence
Function
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The ICS Model Command &The ICS Model Command &
General StaffGeneral Staff
Ops
Chief
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Support for OperationsSupport for OperationsIncident
Manager
Safety
Officer
PIO
OPS
CHIEF
Planning
Chief
Logistics
Chief
Finance
Chief
Needs
Personnel?
Equipment?
Parts? Liaison
Officer
Infor/
Intel Chief
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Active InvolvementActive Involvement
Emergency ManagerEmergency Manager Mitigation PlanningMitigation Planning
PreventionPrevention
PreparednessPreparedness
Exercise DevelopmentExercise Development
EOC OperationEOC Operation
DeclarationsDeclarations
FEMA FormsFEMA Forms Budget Prep/Mgmt.Budget Prep/Mgmt.
Training CoordinationTraining Coordination
CommunicationCommunication
Tactical ResponderTactical Responder TrainingTraining
Apparatus MaintenanceApparatus Maintenance
First Responder RoleFirst Responder Role
PPEPPE
RescueRescue
HAZMATHAZMAT
WeaponsWeapons ApprehensionApprehension
SafetySafety
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Knowledge, Skills and AbilitiesKnowledge, Skills and Abilities
Emergency ManagersEmergency Managers Managerial SkillsManagerial Skills
Administrative SkillsAdministrative Skills
Knowledge of Systems, MethodsKnowledge of Systems, Methods
PlanningPlanning
Tactical RespondersTactical Responders
OperationsOperationsTactical ProceduresTactical Procedures
HandsHands--on Fire Suppressionon Fire Suppression
FaceFace--toto--Face Law EnforcementFace Law Enforcement
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EM isEM is NOTNOT Tactical OperationsTactical Operations
Those involved in tactical operations are onThose involved in tactical operations are on
scene to fix the problem.scene to fix the problem.
Emergency management personnel have skillEmergency management personnel have skillsets for addressing managerial tasks.sets for addressing managerial tasks.
Their jobs are administrative and often requireTheir jobs are administrative and often require
administrative training and education to acquireadministrative training and education to acquirethe necessary skill sets.the necessary skill sets.
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Firefighter Basic TrainingFirefighter Basic TrainingOrientation 1.5 Hours
National Incident Management System 1Personal Safety/Special Hazards 2.5
Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus 2.5
Search and Rescue 2
Extrication 2
Hose Loads 4
FireS
treams 4Forcible Entry 2
Ladders 4
Ventilation 3
Apparatus Familiarization 1
Driver Awareness Level 2
Hazardous Materials Awareness 8
Hazardous Materials Operations 16
EMS Awareness** 2
Mandatory Curriculum Hours 31.5
Basic Curriculum Hours for HazMat 26
Does not include CPR training2
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Police Skills: 262 0f 562 Hour TrainingPolice Skills: 262 0f 562 Hour Training A. First Aid 37
B. Firearms 841. Laws and Knowledge Related to Firearms Use 16
2. Firearm Skills 48
3. Firearms Range Assessment 8
4. Patrol Rifle 12
C. Police Physical Skills 771. Mechanics of Arrest and Search 8
2. Police Tactical Techniques 5
3. Application ofSubject Control 4
4. Subject Control 60
D. Emergency Vehicle Operation 321. Emergency Vehicle Operation: Legalities,
Policies and Procedures 182. Emergency Vehicle Operation Techniques 24
E. Fitness and Wellness 44
1. Physical Fitness 362. Health and Wellness 8
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EM Knowledge RequirementsEM Knowledge Requirements
1. Relevant equipment, policies, procedures, and1. Relevant equipment, policies, procedures, andstrategies to promote effective local, state, orstrategies to promote effective local, state, ornational emergency management operations for thenational emergency management operations for theprotection of people, data, property, and institutions.protection of people, data, property, and institutions.
2. Principles of situational analysis and planning.2. Principles of situational analysis and planning.3. Principles and methods for curriculum and training3. Principles and methods for curriculum and training
design, teaching, and instruction for individuals anddesign, teaching, and instruction for individuals andgroups.groups.
4. Business and management principles involved in4. Business and management principles involved instrategic planning, resource allocation, humanstrategic planning, resource allocation, humanresources modeling, leadership technique,resources modeling, leadership technique,production methods, and coordination of people andproduction methods, and coordination of people and
resources.resources.
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5. and the tools involved in the construction or repair of5. and the tools involved in the construction or repair ofhouses, buildings, or other structures such as highwayshouses, buildings, or other structures such as highwaysand roads.and roads.
7. The structure and Principles and methods for moving7. The structure and Principles and methods for movingpeople or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including thepeople or goods by air, rail, sea, or road, including therelative costs and benefits.relative costs and benefits.
6. Materials, methods content of the English language6. Materials, methods content of the English language
including the meaning and spelling of words, rules ofincluding the meaning and spelling of words, rules ofcomposition, and grammar.composition, and grammar.
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EM Skills & AbilitiesEM Skills & Abilities1. Collaborate with other officials in order to prepare and1. Collaborate with other officials in order to prepare and
analyze damage assessments following disasters oranalyze damage assessments following disasters oremergencies.emergencies.
2. Conduct surveys to determine the types of emergency2. Conduct surveys to determine the types of emergency--related needs that will need to be addressed in disasterrelated needs that will need to be addressed in disaster
planning, or provide technical support to othersplanning, or provide technical support to othersconducting such surveys.conducting such surveys.3. Consult with officials of local and area governments,3. Consult with officials of local and area governments,
schools, hospitals, and other institutions in order toschools, hospitals, and other institutions in order todetermine their needs and capabilities in the event of adetermine their needs and capabilities in the event of a
natural disaster or other emergency.natural disaster or other emergency.4. Coordinate disaster response or crisis management4. Coordinate disaster response or crisis management
activities such as ordering evacuations, opening publicactivities such as ordering evacuations, opening publicshelters, and implementing special needs plans andshelters, and implementing special needs plans andprograms.programs.
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5.5. Direct emergency response teams and providesDirect emergency response teams and provides
onon--site investigations.site investigations.6. Design and administer emergency/disaster6. Design and administer emergency/disaster
preparedness training courses that teach peoplepreparedness training courses that teach peoplehow to effectively respond to majorhow to effectively respond to majoremergencies and disasters.emergencies and disasters.
7. Develop and maintain liaisons with7. Develop and maintain liaisons withmunicipalities, county departments, and similarmunicipalities, county departments, and similarentities in order to facilitate plan development,entities in order to facilitate plan development,response effort coordination, and exchanges ofresponse effort coordination, and exchanges ofpersonnel and equipment.personnel and equipment.
8. Develop and perform tests and evaluations of8. Develop and perform tests and evaluations ofemergency management plans in accordanceemergency management plans in accordancewith state and federal regulations.with state and federal regulations.
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9. Inspect facilities and equipment such as emergency9. Inspect facilities and equipment such as emergency
management centers and communicationsmanagement centers and communicationsequipment in order to determine their operationalequipment in order to determine their operationaland functional capabilities in emergency situations.and functional capabilities in emergency situations.
10.Keep informed of activities or changes that could10.Keep informed of activities or changes that couldaffect the likelihood of an emergency, as well asaffect the likelihood of an emergency, as well as
those that could affect responsethose that could affect responseefforts and details of plan implementation.efforts and details of plan implementation.
11.Keep informed of federal, state, and local11.Keep informed of federal, state, and localregulations affecting emergency plans, and ensureregulations affecting emergency plans, and ensurethat plans adhere to these regulations.that plans adhere to these regulations.
12.Administers public emergency recovery assistance12.Administers public emergency recovery assistanceprograms.programs.
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Coordination and CommunicationCoordination and Communication
When several specialists are dispatched to a singleWhen several specialists are dispatched to a single
incident, which is often the case, coordination andincident, which is often the case, coordination andcommunication can become a crucial problemcommunication can become a crucial problem
demanding the important role of the emergencydemanding the important role of the emergencymanager.manager.
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College for Emergency Managers?College for Emergency Managers?
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College Curriculum TopicsCollege Curriculum Topics
Introduction to Emergency ManagementIntroduction to Emergency Management
Emergency Response PlanningEmergency Response Planning
Exercise Program ManagementExercise Program Management
NIMS and ICSNIMS and ICS Public Information in Disaster ResponsePublic Information in Disaster Response
Mental Health Issues in Disaster ResponseMental Health Issues in Disaster Response
Mitigation PlanningMitigation Planning
Hazardous Materials Incident ManagementHazardous Materials Incident Management Weapons of Mass DestructionWeapons of Mass Destruction
Public Health Emergency ManagementPublic Health Emergency Management
Homeland Security.Homeland Security.
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Advantages of College StudyAdvantages of College Study
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Managerial StudiesManagerial Studies
Project PlanningProject Planning
Personnel IssuesPersonnel Issues
ManagementManagement
Communication SkillsCommunication Skills
Grant WritingGrant Writing
Government RelationsGovernment Relations
Business ContinuityBusiness Continuity
Budget and FinanceBudget and Finance
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Expanding College OpportunitiesExpanding College Opportunities
143 College Programs in Emergency143 College Programs in EmergencyManagement & Homeland SecurityManagement & Homeland Security
Many OnMany On--line Degree Programsline Degree Programs
Ideal for PracticingFirst RespondersIdeal for PracticingFirst Responders
Attractive Graduate Programs for GradsAttractive Graduate Programs for Grads
Careers Requiring DegreesCareers Requiring Degrees
Collaboration with IAEM, DRI, and ACPCollaboration with IAEM, DRI, and ACP
Transferable CredentialsTransferable Credentials
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Best of Both WorldsBest of Both Worlds
First Responders Seeking DegreesFirst Responders Seeking Degrees
College Grads Entering EmergencyCollege Grads Entering EmergencyManagementManagement
GeologyGeologyTechnologyTechnology
HealthHealth
Human ResourcesHuman Resources
Government Relations/AdministrationGovernment Relations/Administration
Biology, ChemistryBiology, Chemistry
Experienced MilitaryExperienced Military
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The Challenge: Overcoming ResistanceThe Challenge: Overcoming Resistance
First Responders and Emergency ManagersFirst Responders and Emergency Managers
Need to Work TogetherNeed to Work Together
Tactical Response Benefits from ManagementTactical Response Benefits from Managementand Coordinationand Coordination
Managerial Skills Best Learned in CollegeManagerial Skills Best Learned in College
F
irst Responder/Military Experience Provides aF
irst Responder/Military Experience Provides aStrongFoundationStrongFoundation
Managers, Not CommandersManagers, Not Commanders
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Dr. Tom PhelanDr. Tom Phelan6385 Willson Road,6385 Willson Road,
Vernon Center, NY 13477Vernon Center, NY 13477(315) 829(315) 829--41994199
www.drpwithdrtom.comwww.drpwithdrtom.com Dr. Tom Phelan,Dr. Tom Phelan, President, Strategic Teaching Associates, Inc., is a FoundingPresident, Strategic Teaching Associates, Inc., is a Founding
Member of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, a member of the IBM CrisisMember of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, a member of the IBM Crisis
Response Team, responding to Katrina, and the Indian Ocean Tsunami. He hasResponse Team, responding to Katrina, and the Indian Ocean Tsunami. He hasserved on the Board of PPBI and the Editorial Advisory Boards forserved on the Board of PPBI and the Editorial Advisory Boards for DisasterDisasterRecovery JournalRecovery Journal; continues to serve on the Advisor Boards of the Canadian Centre; continues to serve on the Advisor Boards of the Canadian Centrefor Emergency Preparedness, andfor Emergency Preparedness, and Disaster Management CanadaDisaster Management Canada, and is an IAEM, and is an IAEMmember. Tom teaches at American Public University, Elmira College, the Onondagamember. Tom teaches at American Public University, Elmira College, the OnondagaCommunity College, Empire State College, and consults for IT Crisis, VirtualCommunity College, Empire State College, and consults for IT Crisis, VirtualCorporation, the American Institutes for Research, and Vantage HRS.Corporation, the American Institutes for Research, and Vantage HRS.
Tom served with DMORT in St. Gabriel, Louisiana (2005), at the World TradeTom served with DMORT in St. Gabriel, Louisiana (2005), at the World TradeCenter (2001), and received the New York State Senate Liberty Award for his serviceCenter (2001), and received the New York State Senate Liberty Award for his serviceat Ground Zero. His clients include several corporations and government agencies.at Ground Zero. His clients include several corporations and government agencies.
Tom earned a Doctorate from Syracuse University, and has consulted and presentedTom earned a Doctorate from Syracuse University, and has consulted and presentedin the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, India, Sri Lanka, and Singapore.in the United States, Canada, United Kingdom, India, Sri Lanka, and Singapore.
His new book,His new book,Emergency Management and Tactical Response Operations: Bridging the GapEmergency Management and Tactical Response Operations: Bridging the Gap, is, isavailable fromavailable fromwww.elsevier.comwww.elsevier.com ..