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ASEMINAR PRESENTATION
ONPIN DIODE
BY
SHWETA BHARTIBRANCH-EC(3rd sem)
ROLL-0223EC101067ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONSAIT JABALPUR
SEMINAR GUIDE -RAHULKHUSHBU AHIRVAR
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Introduction Conventional p-n junction diodes. P-i-n diode: Rescue Rangers Working
Type of p-i-n diodes About PIN diode Operation of PIN diode Characteristics of PIN diode Application of PIN diode
PIN diode limiters Reference
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1. Device to convert optical energy to electrical
energy
Photo detectors: optical to electrical signal
Solar cells : heat energy to electrical power
2. Photo detectors:
PN junction diode
P-i-n diode
APD diode
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Used for longer wavelengths
Types of p-i-n diode
Front illuminated p-i-n diode
I. 0.8-0.9um(wavelength)II. 20um-50um(width)
Side illuminated p-i-n diode
I. >1.09um(wavelength)
II. 500um (width)
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1) The figure below
shows a horizontal
PIN diode, sometimes
called H-PIN. Here theP and N layers are
formed on top of the I
layer.
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A PIN diode is made up of three semiconductormaterials: two heavily doped P-and one N-typematerial separated by an intrinsic (intrinsic
means semiconductor in an extremely pureform)
A PIN diode is a diode with a wide, lightlydoped 'near' intrinsic semiconductor regionbetween a p-type semiconductor and an n-typesemiconductor region. The p-type and n-typeregions are typically heavily doped becausethey are used for ohmic contacts.
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A PIN diode operates under what is known as high-levelinjection. In other words, the intrinsic "i" region is flooded
with charge carriers from the "p" and "n" regions. Itsfunction can be likened to filling up a water bucket with ahole on the side.
Once the water reaches the hole's level it will begin topour out. Similarly, the diode will conduct current oncethe flooded electrons and holes reach an equilibriumpoint, where the number of electrons is equal to thenumber of holes in the intrinsic region.
When the diode is forward biased, the injected carrierconcentration is typically several orders of magnitudehigher than the intrinsic level carrier concentration
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A PIN diode obeys the standard diode equation for
low frequency signals. At higher frequencies, the
diode looks like an almost perfect (very linear, even
for large signals) resistor. There is a lot of storedcharge in the intrinsic region. At low frequencies,
the charge can be removed and the diode turns off.
At higher frequencies, there is not enough time to
remove the charge, so the diode never turns off. ThePIN diode has a poor reverse recovery time.
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As a d.c. controlled microwave switch operated
by rapid charges in bias or a modulating
device. This application takes advantage of the
variable forward-resistance characteristic.In attenuator application because its resistance
can be controlled by the current.
As an AM modulator of very high frequency
signals.
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Some PIN diode limiters are passive, meaning that
the PIN diode creates the nonlinear response by
itself. An "active limiter" adds a detector circuit that
applies DC current to the PIN diode to turn it onharder, at lower power. The detector uses a Schottky
diode. A switched limiter uses a DC control signal to
turn on the PIN diode.
PIN diodes can also be used to create limiters (atype of nonlinear device), usually as one or more
shunt elements across a transmission line.
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PIN diode are little known but are
nonetheless very useful.
PIN diode makes a substitute, thatavoids the problems associated
with routing signal around
switching circuit.
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WWW.Goggle.com
WWW.espare.com
http\: e PIN diode world .org\ in
WWW. You tube .com
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