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Plagiarism and ways to avoid
plagiarism : citing skills
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What to discuss?Plagiarism in Academic
Writing
Citing skills: quotation,
paraphrase, and summary
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Plagiarism in AcademicWriting
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Group work
Read the article Plagiarism in theAcademic Community and answerthe gien questions on:
! "e#nition o$ plagiarism! Penalties $or plagiarism
! % categories o$ plagiarism
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"e#nitions
! &the wrong$ul appropriation orpurloining, and pu'lication as onesown, o$ the ideas, or the e(pression o$
ideas )literary, artistic, musical,mechanical, etc*+ o$ another
)-mhoo$, .aurice and /erman /udson,0123+
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"e#nitions
! &Copying o$ anotherpersonsideas, words orwork and pretendthat
they are your own*) 4($ord Adanced 5enie+
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"e#nitions
! &6ou are kidnappingorstealingsomeone elsesideas or words and
presenting them as i$ theywere your own*
) the 7niersity o$.el'ourne+
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"e#nitions
! &Plagiarism means usinganother8s work withoutgiving credit
)http:99sa*ucdais*edu9aoid*htm+
http://sja.ucdavis.edu/avoid.htmhttp://sja.ucdavis.edu/avoid.htmhttp://sja.ucdavis.edu/avoid.htmhttp://sja.ucdavis.edu/avoid.htm7/25/2019 Plagiarism Quotations Paraphrases and Summaries3
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"e#nitions
! Plagiarism is the&unacknowledged useo$some'ody elses words or
ideas*)http:99owl*english*purdue*edu+
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/http://owl.english.purdue.edu/7/25/2019 Plagiarism Quotations Paraphrases and Summaries3
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;ask: "ecide whether the $ollowing
actions in academic writing areplagiarism or not
!
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! /iring someone to write
your thesis 'ecause youare so 'usy teaching*
! 7sing your own
e(perience and #ndings
! Carelessly $orgetting toinclude quotation marksor a re$erence to showwhose words or ideas youare using*
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;ypes o$ plagiarism
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"iscussion
! Why Asian students aremore likely to plagiari=e?
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Cultural reasons
! Con$ucianism appreciatesyour wide knowledge o$others ideas
! Community senseadocates common use
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Academic reasons
!;e(t>'ased learningcreates rote learners
!;raditional teaching
approach creates passielearners
! o emphasis in propercitations in writing, 'othin @ietnamese and ;s
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Why plagiarism 'ad?
!6ou are cheatingyoursel$'y plagiari=ing*
! Plagiarism devalues
others8 original work*! Plagiarism is a serious
ofencein scholarship*
! Plagiarism is unethical.
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Punishments $or plagiarism
!
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Punishments $or plagiarism
! )D+ ;he works mentionedin this Article shall enoyprotection in all
countrieso$ the 7nion*;his protection shalloperate $or the 'ene#t o$the author and his
successors in title*
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Punishments $or plagiarism
! Postgraduate studies, CE,@7:
!;he plagiarism policy will
'e strictly en$orced*Fuspected plagiarism will'e checked and casesre$erred to the
Postgraduate Ftudies"epartment*
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!oon errors that could
"e consideredplagiaris
! No quotation marks aroundborrowed language
! Paraphrase that uses theexact language or sentencestructure of a source
! Inaccurate or incompletereferences
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#ow to avoid unintentional
plagiaris$! )0+ Gnowing what toacknowledge:
!;hree sources: )0+ your
independent thoughts ande(periencesB )H+ commonknowledge, the 'asicin$ormation people shareB
and )%+ other peoplesindependent thoughtsand e%periences.
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/ow to aoid unintentional
plagiarism?! )H+ 5ie credit $or copied,adapted, or paraphrasedmaterial:
! -$ you repeat another8se(act words, you &'()use quotation marks andcite the source*
! -$ you adapt a chart orparaphrase a sentence,you must still cite*
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/ow to aoid unintentional
plagiarism?! )%+ Aoiding using others
work with minor cosmetic
changes, $or instance:! 7sing IlessI $or I$ewer
! Reersing the order o$ asentence,
! Altering a spread>sheetlayout*
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/ow to aoid unintentional
plagiarism?! )J+ When in dou't, cite*
!
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;ask: "etect any plagiarism )i$ any+ inthe $ollowing writing
! " In research writing, sources arecited for two reasons: to alertreaders to the sources of yourinformation and to give credit tothe writers from whom you haveborrowed words and ideas"
! In research writing, sources arecited to alert readers to thesources of your information andto give credit to the writers fromwhom you have borrowed wordsand ideas
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! " In research writing, sourcesare cited for two reasons: to
alert readers to the sources ofyour information and to givecredit to the writers from whom
you have borrowed words and
ideas"! In research writing, we cite
sources for a couple of reasons:to notify readers of our
information sources and givecredit to those from whom wehave borrowed !acker#
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! " In research writing, sourcesare cited for two reasons: to
alert readers to the sources ofyour information and to givecredit to the writers from whom
you have borrowed words and
ideas"!$ researcher cites her sources
to ensure her audience knowswhere she got her information,
and to recogni%e and credit theoriginal work !acker, &''(:)*++
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Citing skills
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"e#nition > Paraphrase
To paraphrase L to restate a portion o$ a te(twith the purpose, usually, o$ clari$ying it*
! A paraphrase is a'out the same length as theoriginal passage*
! A paraphrase should not include any o$ thewords $rom the original passage, nor should it$ollow the same sentence structure as theoriginal passage, ust changing oca'ulary*
! Paraphrased in$ormation must 'e accompanied'y a citation, or in>te(t re$erence to the source
! Eailure to proide citation will 'e interpreted 'yothers as plagiarism, een i$ you list the sourcein your 'i'liography*
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"e#nition
! To quoteL to copye(actly a portion o$ a te(t,with the purpose o$
presenting the author8sactual words
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*%aplesriginal -ext
I-$ you8re coping with an illness or want
to e(change iews a'out a medical
topic, you8ll want to #nd your way to a
newsgroup* "espite the name, these are
not collections o$ news items* ;hey are,
in eMect, irtual 'ulletin 'oards open to
anyone who cares to participate* ;hemessages generally consist o$ plain te(tI
)Fchwart= HN+*
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*%aple o+ Paraphrase
-n a recent .onsumer /eports article,the author suggests #nding areleant newsgroup i$ you hae aparticular medical pro'lem or i$ you
want to talk with others a'out amedical su'ect* ewsgroups areonline 'ulletin 'oards that areaaila'le to anyoneB in spite o$ their
name, they are not news reports*Anyone who wishes to may oin in anewsgroup discussion)Fchwart= HN+*
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*%aple o+ Attepted Paraphrase )hats !lassied as Plagiaris
0ased on the quotation above:
Wheneer you are dealing with a disease orneed to talk a'out a medical su'ect, you
should look $or a newsgroup* * * *
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*%aple o+ suary
ewsgroups, online discussiongroups open to any participant, are ause$ul resource $or anyone concerned
a'out speci#c medical issues*)Fchwart= HN+*
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*%aple o+ -uotation
People concerned a'out medicalissues may #nd it help$ul to look$or a releant newsgroup*
Fchwart= )HN+ points out that,I"espite the name, these are notcollections o$ news items* ;heyare, in eMect, irtual 'ulletin'oards open to anyone who cares
to participate* I
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When not to quote material?
! "o not quote passagemerely to #ll in space
! "o not quote passages as
a su'stitute $or thinking*! "o not quote passages
'ecause you do notunderstandthe authorsideas well enough toparaphrase them*
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/ow much should - quote?
Consider quoting a passage $rom oneo$ your sources i$ any o$ the$ollowing conditions holds:
! ;he language o$ the passage isparticularly elegant or power$ul ormemora'le*
! 6ou wish to con#rm the credi'ility o$your argument 'y enlisting thesupport o$ an authority on your topic*
! ;he passage is worthy o$ $urtheranalysis*
! 6ou wish to argue with someoneelse8s position in considera'le detail
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Alternaties to quotations
-$ an argument or a $actual account$rom one o$ your sources isparticularly releant to your paper'ut does not desere to 'e quoted
er'atim, consider! paraphrasingthe passage i$ youwish to coney the points in thepassage at roughly the same leel o$detail as in the original
! suariingthe releant passagei$ you wish to sketch only the mostessential points in the passage
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-ntegrating quotations into your writing
Block quotations:
! 7se with longer quotations*
! Eollow APA guidelines )seehandout on APA guidelines+
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ntegrated -uotations
Introduce the quotation withappropriate verb
Precede with a coma
Qmploy a er' o$ saying
that #ts the oerall tone
o$ your essay
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Pair work
! ist the reporting er's o$the three patterns
! Check your list with otherpairs lists
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Paraphrase vs. (uaryParaphrase 0oth (uary
Re>states theauthors words
Coers a short passage Coers a longer passage
-ncludes all the points inthe original passage -ncludes only the mainideas o$ the originalpassage
7ses your own
words
-s a'out the samelength as the original
passage
-s a'out DST shorterthan the original passage
Preseres theemphasis o$ theoriginal passage
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"iscussion
When should paraphrase,
and when should
suarie$
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#ow to write a
paraphrase$0* Read, reread, and annotatethe material*
H* Change words in thepassage*
.hange the verbs
J* Change the sentencestructure in the passage*
3* Com'ine sentences $ound inthe source te(t*
D* 7npack sentences $ound inthe source te(t*
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#ow to write a suary$
0* Read, reread, and annotate thematerial, paying particular attention tothe content and structure o$ the piece*
0e sure to note:
! ;he thesis*
! ;he primary assertions, arguments, or#ndings and,
! ;he primary means o$ support $or each point*
H* Write one>sentence summaries o$ eachsection o$ the te(t*
%* Write the #rst dra$t o$ your summary
J* Check the rough dra$t o$ your summaryagainst the source te(t
3* Rewrite the summary*
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1ualities o+ a good
suary! %omprehensie: it coneys all theimportant in$ormation in the reading*
! Brief:-t coneys this in$ormation
concisely
! !ccurate: -t correctly coneys theauthors ideas, #ndings, or arguments
! &eutral: -t aoids udgments concerning
the readings topic or style*
! 'ndependent: -t makes sense to someonewho has not read the source te(t*
(!dapted from )ilhoit, *+++
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