Plan ahead for the GDE
Barry BarishILC Consultations
URA, Washington DC12-May-05
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main linacbunchcompressor
dampingring
source
pre-accelerator
collimation
final focus
IP
extraction& dump
KeV
few GeV
few GeVfew GeV
250-500 GeV
Starting Point for the GDE
Superconducting RF Main Linac
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“Target” Parameters for the ILC
• Ecm adjustable from 200 – 500 GeV
• Luminosity ∫Ldt = 500 fb-1 in 4 years
• Ability to scan between 200 and 500 GeV
• Energy stability and precision below 0.1%
• Electron polarization of at least 80%
• The machine must be upgradeable to 1 TeV
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TESLA Concept
• The main linacs based on 1.3 GHz superconducting technology operating at 2 K.
• The cryoplant, is of a size comparable to that of the LHC, consisting of seven subsystems strung along the machines every 5 km.
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TESLA Cavity
• RF accelerator structures consist of close to 21,000 9-cell niobium cavities operating at gradients of 23.8 MV/m (unloaded as well as beam loaded) for 500 GeV c.m. operation.
• The rf pulse length is 1370 µs and the repetition rate is 5 Hz. At a later stage, the machine energy may be upgraded to 800 GeV c.m. by raising the gradient to 35 MV/m.
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Reference Points for the ILC Design
33km47 km
TESLA TDR500 GeV (800 GeV)
US Options Study500 GeV (1 TeV)
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TESLA Test Facility Linac
laser driven electron gun
photon beam diagnostics
undulatorbunch
compressor
superconducting accelerator modules
pre-accelerator
e- beam diagnostics
e- beam diagnostics
240 MeV 120 MeV 16 MeV 4 MeV
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Experimental Test Facility - KEK
• Prototype Damping Ring for X-band Linear Collider
• Development of Beam Instrumentation and Control
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Evaluation: Technical Issues
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GDE – Near Term Plan
• Organize the ILC effort globally– First Step --- Appoint Regional Directors within the
GDE who will serve as single points of contact for each region to coordinate the program in that region.
– Make Website, coordinate meetings, collaborative R&D, etc
• Represent the ILC internationally– Represent the ILC internationally– Outreach to our community and beyond
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GDE – Near Term Plan
• Staff the GDE– Administrative, Communications, Web staff– Regional Directors (each region)– Engineering/Costing Engineer (each region)– Civil Engineer (each region)– Key Experts for the GDE design staff from the world
community (please give input)– Fill in missing skills (later)
Total staff size about 20 FTE (2005-2006)
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GDE – Near Term Plan
• Schedule• Begin to define Configuration (Aug 05) • Baseline Configuration Document by end of 2005-----------------------------------------------------------------------• Put Baseline under Configuration Control (Jan
06) • Develop Conceptual Design Report by end of
2006
• Three volumes -- 1) Conceptual Design Report; 2) Shorter glossy version for non-experts and policy makers ; 3) Detector Concept Report
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GDE – Near Term Plan
• What is the Conceptual Design Report– Include site dependence – 3 or more sample
sites– Detector Design Concept / Scope (1 vs 2,
options, etc)– Reliable Costs – strong emphasis during design
on cost consciousness --- value Engineering, trade studies, industrialization, etc
• This report will be the basis for moving on to a technical design to be ready before physics from the LHC establishes the science case.
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GDE – Near Term Plan
– R&D Program• Coordinate worldwide R & D efforts, in order to
demonstrate and improve the performance, reduce the costs, attain the required reliability, etc. (Proposal Driven to GDE)
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International/Regional Organization
ILC-Americas Regional Team Regional Director and Deputy Institutional ILC Managers for major instiutional members
CornellILC-NSF PI
TRIUMFILC-CanadaManager
NSF-funded Institutions
Canadian Institutions
Lead Labs
Work Package
Oversight ILCSC
GDE - Director
RegionalUSLCSG
FundingAgencies
FNALILC-FNALManager
WP 1.FNAL
WP 1.ANL
WP 3.FNAL
SLACILC-SLACManager
WP 2.SLAC
WP 2.BNL
WP 3.SLAC
communications
ILC-Asia ILC-Europe
International
Regional
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ILC Design Issues
First Consideration : Physics Reach
ILC Parameters
Energy Reach
2cm fill linac RFE b L G
Luminosity RF AC BS
cm y
PL
E
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Working Parameter Set“Point Design”
Center of Mass Energy 500 1000 GeV
Design Luminosity 2 3 1034cm-2sec-1
Linac rf frequency GHzAccelerating gradient MV/mPulse repetition rate HzBunches/pulseBunch separation nsec
Particles/bunch x1010
Bunch train length msecBeam power 11 23 MW/beam
sx/sy at IP 655/7 554/4 nm
Site AC power 180 356 MW
5
1.3
2866
2820307
30
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GDE will do a “Parametric” Design
nom low N lrg Y low P
N 1010 2 1 2 2
nb 2820 5640 2820 1330
ex,y mm, nm 9.6, 40 10,30 12,80 10,35
bx,y cm, mm 2, 0.4 1.2, 0.2 1, 0.4 1, 0.2
sx,y nm 543, 5.7 495, 3.5 495, 8 452, 3.8
Dy 18.5 10 28.6 27
dBS % 2.2 1.8 2.4 5.7
sz mm 300 150 500 200
Pbeam MW 11 11 11 5.3
L 1034 2 2 2 2
Range of parametersdesign to achieve 21034
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Towards the ILC Baseline Design
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e- Beam Transport XFEL
e- Damping Ring
HEP & XFEL Experiments
e- Main LINAC e+ Beam delivery e+ Main LINAC
e+ Damping Ringe- Sources e+ Beam Transport
e- Beam delivery
e+ Source
e- Switchyard XFEL
PreLinac
PreLinac
Beam DumpsDESY site Westerhorn
TESLA machine schematic view
Power Water & Cryogenic Plants
Machine cost distribution
Main LINAC Modules
Main LINAC RF System
Civil Engineering
MachineInfrastructure
X FELIncrementals
Damping Rings
HEP Beam Delivery
AuxiliarySystems
Injection System
1131
~ 33 km
587 546
336241 215
124 101 97
Million Euro
TESLA Cost Estimate3,136 M€ (no contingency, year 2000) + ~7000 person years
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Cost Breakdown by Subsystem
cf31%
structures18%rf
12%
systems_eng8%
installation&test7%
magnets6%
vacuum4%
controls4%
cryo4%
operations4%
instrumentation2%
Civil
SCRF Linac
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RF SC Linac ChallengesEnergy: 500 GeV, upgradeable to 1000 GeV
• RF Accelerating Structures– Accelerating structures must support the desired gradient in an
operational setting and there must be a cost effective means of fabrication.
– ~17,000 accelerating cavities/500 GeV
– Current performance goal is 35 MV/m, (operating at 30 MV/m)
• Trade-off cost and technical risk.
1 mRisk
Cos
t
~T
heor
etic
al M
ax
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(Improve surface quality -- pioneering work done at KEK)
BCP EP
• Several single cell cavities at g > 40 MV/m
• 4 nine-cell cavities at ~35 MV/m, one at 40 MV/m
• Theoretical Limit 50 MV/m
Electro-polishing
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Gradient
Results from KEK-DESY collaboration
must reduce spread (need more statistics)
single
-cell
measu
rem
ents
(in
nin
e-c
ell
cavit
ies)
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New Cavity Shape for Higher Gradient?
TESLA Cavity
• A new cavity shape with a small Hp/Eacc ratio around35Oe/(MV/m) must be designed. - Hp is a surface peak magnetic field and Eacc is the electric field gradient on the beam axis.
- For such a low field ratio, the volume occupied by magnetic field in the cell must be increased and the magnetic density must be reduced.
- This generally means a smaller bore radius. - There are trade-offs (eg. Electropolishing, weak cell-to-cell
coupling, etc)
Alternate Shapes
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Gradient vs Length
• Higher gradient gives shorter linac – cheaper tunnel / civil engineering– less cavities – (but still need same # klystrons)
• Higher gradient needs more refrigeration– ‘cryo-power’ per unit length scales as G2/Q0
– cost of cryoplants goes up!
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Klystrons
• RF power generation and delivery– The rf generation and distribution system must be
capable of delivering the power required to sustain the design gradient:• 10 MW 5 Hz 1.5 msec• ~700 klystrons and modulators for 500 GeV
– The rf distribution system is relatively simple, with each klystron powering 30-36 cavities.
• Status– Klystrons under development by three vendors
(in Europe, Japan, and U.S.)• Three units from European vendor (Thales) have come
close to meeting spec.
• Sheet beam under development at SLAC (cost reduction)
– Modulators meeting performance spec have been built and operated (at TTF) for the last decade.
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Klystron Development
THALUS
CPITOSHIBA
10MW 1.4ms Multibeam Klystrons~650 for 500 GeV+650 for 1 TeV upgrade
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Towards the ILC Baseline Design
Not cost drivers
But can be L performancebottlenecks
Many challenges!
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Parameters of Positron Sources
rep rate# of bunches per pulse
# of positrons per bunch
# of positrons per pulse
TESLA TDR 5 Hz 2820 2 · 1010 5.6 · 1013
NLC 120 Hz 192 0.75 · 1010 1.4 · 1012
SLC 120 Hz 1 5 · 1010 5 · 1010
DESY positron source
50 Hz 1 1.5 · 109 1.5 · 109
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Positron Source
• Large amount of charge to produce
• Three concepts:– undulator-based (TESLA TDR baseline)
– ‘conventional’ – laser Compton based
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Strawman Final Focus
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GDE – Near Term Plan
• Organize the ILC effort globally– Undertake making a “global design” over the next few years
for a machine that can be jointly implemented internationally. • Snowmass Aug 05 --- Begin to define Configuration (1st Step)
• GDE Dec 05 --- Baseline Configuration document by end of 2005
• Put Baseline under Configuration Control
• Conceptual Design of Baseline by end of 2006– Include site dependence – 3 or more sample sites– Detector Design Concept / Scope (1 vs 2, options, etc)– Reliable Costs -- emphasis during design on cost consciousness ---
value Engineering, trade studies, industrialization, etc
– Coordinate worldwide R & D efforts, in order to demonstrate and improve the performance, reduce the costs, attain the required reliability, etc. (Proposal Driven to GDE)
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Some issues regarding the GDE?
– Make a truly International GDE– Create a common fund– Interact with all our communities– Interact / work with FALC?– Make steps toward central authority, rather than
regional authority for GDE or successor.– Develop plan toward an international laboratory
– Make a realistic and affordable design ready for construction by the time of LHC results