1. Plant reproductionThe plant cycleAsexual reproductionSexual
reproduction: The flower Pollination Fruit and seed formation Seed
dispersal Seed germination DRM Biology Y10 1
2. The plant cycle in nonflowering plants DRM Biology Y10
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3. The plant cycle in floweringplants DRM Biology Y10 3
4. Asexual reproduction inplants By stolons and runners (as in
grasses) By spores (as in ferns and mosses) By tubers (as in
potatoes) By bulbs (as in onions) By grafts (used mostly in
gardening) In this case, all individuals are genetically identical
to the parent plant. DRM Biology Y10 4
5. Examples of asexualreproduction in plantstubers bulbs Fern
spores stolons DRM Biology Y10 5
6. Sexual reproduction in flowering plantsPlants produce
reproductive organs calledflowers.These flowers have specialised
structureswhich are either female or male.Sexual cells called
gametes are made in thereproductive organs.The gametes fuse in a
process calledfertilisation.Following fertilisation, fruits and
seeds developfrom parts of the formerBiology Y10 . DRM flower
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7. Parts of the flower DRM Biology Y10 7
8. Parts of the flower petalantherfilament stigma sepal style
ovule ovary DRM Biology Y10 8
9. PollinationIt is the transfer of the pollen grain from the
anther to the stigma.This can be done in the same flower
(self-pollination) or in different flowers (cross-pollination). DRM
Biology Y10 9
10. Wind-pollinated flowersFlowers are usually verysmall, with
no petals andno scent.Anthers and stigmas areexposed to the
wind.Stigmas are hairy orfeathery to trap the pollengrains blown by
the wind. stigmaPollen grains are smooth,light and very small to
beeasily carried by the wind. antherExample: grasses DRM Biology
Y10 10
11. Insect-pollinated flowersHave big, colourfulpetals to
attractinsects.Have nectar and/orscent to attractinsects
orhummingbirds.Stamen and stigmasinside the corolla.Pollen grains
are big,and with hooks toattach to insectslegs. DRM Biology Y10
11
12. FertilisationThe pollen grain grows a pollen tube which
will carry the nucleus of the male gamete to the ovule, to meet the
female egg cell.Fertilisation is the fusion of the nucleus of the
male gamete with the nucleus of the female gamete. DRM Biology Y10
12
13. Fruit and seed formationOnce fertilised, The OVARY develops
into the FRUIT. The OVULES become the SEED. The petals, stamen and
stigma shrivel and fall. DRM Biology Y10 13
14. Fruit and seed dispersalSeeds need to bedispersed away
fromthe parent plant.This can be achievedby wind, water,animals, or
self-explosion.Each seed hasspecial structuresadapted to the way
itis dispersed. DRM Biology Y10 14
15. Seed structure Plumule (future shoot) Seeds are protected
by Radicle (future the testa. root) All seeds cotyledon have a food
Testa (seed reserve cover) (cotyledon). Radicle The embryo isEMBRYO
formed by the plumule and Plumule Testa the radicle. DRM Biology
Y10 cotyledon 15
16. Seed germination Germination in a monocot plant (wheat)
Germination in a dicot plant (bean)All seeds must have water
suitable water,temperature and oxygen togerminate.Some seeds may
also need lightDRM Biology Y10 to activate the 16germination
process.