Chapter 5: Tissue Types
Plant Structure and Life SpanRoot vs. Shoot System
F3 Form Follows FunctionDifferent EnvironmentsDifferent adaptations
Plant Structure and Life SpanHerbaceous Plants
No wood above groundAnnuals i.e. corn, geraniums, marigoldsBienniels i.e. carrots, cabbage
Plant Structure and Life SpanWoody Plants
Produce woody shoot systemAll are perennials
Some herbaceous also perennials Differences in shoot vs. root system
Cells and Tissues (table 5-2)Ground Tissue
What is tissue? Simple Complex
Primary and secondary cell walls
Cell and Tissue TypesGround Tissue/Parenchyma Cells
Most common type of herbaceous cellStoragePhotosynthesisSecretionAbility to differentiate
Cells and TissuesGround Tissue: Collenchyma
Unevenly thickened primary cell wallsElongatedAct as support tissue (celery)
Cells and TissuesGround Tissue: Sclerenchyma
Primary and secondary cell wallsScleroids
Variable in shape Act as support Pears
Fibers Long and tapered Clumped Wood, bark, plant veins
Cells and TissuesVascular Tissue: Xylem
Transports water and mineralsTracheids = chief water conducting cells in
gymnosperms and below Passes through pits
Vessel Elements = flowering plants (angiosperms) Perforations at end with pits in side walls
Cells and TissuesVascular tissue
Phloem Moves food materials from photosynthesis 4 types
Sieve-tube elements = conduct food materials in solution
Companion Cells = cell that assists sieve-tube Phloem Fibers Phloem Parenchyma Cells
Cells and TissuesDermal Tissue
Epidermis Outermost layer of herbaceous plants Stomata Guard Cells Trichomes
Periderm Replaces epidermis in woody plants Made of cork/cork parenchyma cells
Plant MeristemsFunction in cell growth (only part of the plant
that grows)DivisionElongationDifferentiation
Primary and secondary growthSecondary = Primarily gymnosperms and
woody dicotsMeristematic cells do not differentiate
Plant MeristemsPrimary Growth takes place at the apical
meristemTip of roots and shootsProtected by root capSmall and boxyArea of division
Encyclopedia Britannica
Plant MeristemsPrimary Meristems
Area of cell elongationSome differentiation3 types of meristems
Protoderm Procambrium Ground Meristem